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“Guerra del agua”: reflejos de la Conquista en Memoria del fuego y Espejos, de Eduardo Galeano
The Metropolis and its Social Life: Conviviality, Urban Studies, and Thoughts on Thugs
This paper explores the question of why urban studies of conviviality have paid so little attention to hate and fear in urban social life. It summarizes two main or mainstream insights on conviviality in urban studies and its spatiality: its focus on walkable neighbourhoods, and the idea that further public space is anonymous – and violence is always elsewhere and external. The paper shows that the “thug” has long been known as the figure of The Hate U Give, as in the novel of Angie Thomas or the tattoo of the rapper Tupac – just not in urban conviviality writings. It suggests that this may have its causes in the idea of the anonymous city life versus the parochial neighbourhood community, a contrast that underplays hate and fear and fails to include the workings of violence on various scales. We may create conviviality on the neighbourhood level, yet the thug emerges from the hate we give, emulated by narratives of denunciation which are not at all new – but still relevant
When Conviviality Hides Inequality: Lélia Gonzalez on Brazilian Racial Democracy
The idea of racial democracy, also known as the myth of racial democracy, is not just a mistaken belief. In fact, it encompasses a set of mechanisms that regulate social practices, power relations, forms of social interaction, and collective thinking within a historically established system of ethnic-racial domination. Based on Lélia Gonzalez’s analysis, we will investigate which social actions concretize, support, and at the same time hinder the perception of everyday racism. How can we explain the widespread acceptance and propagation of the myth of racial democracy? And what does the myth of racial democracy hide, apart from what it reveals? The purpose of this text is to understand the paradigmatic issue of Brazilian racial democracy by assuming indirectly the conceptual framework of the relationship between conviviality and inequality. How does conviviality hide inequalities? And how could the nexus of conviviality and inequality contribute to the understanding of racial democracy? Lélia Gonzalez can help us find answers to these questions