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Performance Analysis of Horticultural Cold Storage Using A 1 PK Split Air Conditioner
No full textThis study aims to analyze the performance of a horticultural cold storage
system using a 1 PK split air conditioner (AC) as a more economical cooling
alternative. The experiment was conducted at the Refrigeration Engineering
Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara,
using 5 kg of kangkung (water spinach) as the cooling load. The tests were carried out
under two conditions, namely without cooling load and with cooling load, while the
storage temperature was maintained within a range of 5–7 °C. The analyzed
parameters included compressor work, evaporator cooling capacity, electrical power
consumption, and coefficient of performance (COP). The cooling system used R32
refrigerant. The results show that the cold storage system using a 1 PK split AC was
able to achieve suitable storage temperatures for horticultural products and exhibited
satisfactory system performance. Therefore, the use of a 1 PK split AC is considered
feasible as an alternative cooling system for small- and medium-scale cold storage
applications.102 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Exhibisionist Behavior from a Criminological Perspective and Efforts for Peventions and Handling Within The Universitas Sumatera Utara (A Study at Prevention and Handling Unit for Violence, Universitas Sumatera Utara)
No full textSexual violence in college environments is a serious problem that requires comprehensive and legally sound handling. The government, thru the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Regulation Number 30 of 2021, has established a normative framework for the prevention and handling of sexual violence in higher education, including the formation of the Violence Prevention and Handling Unit (PPK Unit). However, in its implementation, various normative obstacles are still found that impact the effectiveness of the PPK Unit's performance at the University of North Sumatra. This research aims to analyze the obstacles faced by the USU PPK Unit in handling sexual violence cases based on Permendikbudristek Number 30 of 2021, specifically regarding the lack of clarity in regulating legal assistance as a right of the victim, the limited scope of protection guaranties and facilitation of reporting to law enforcement, and the legal vacuum in handling cases where the perpetrator is from outside the academic community.
This research uses an empirical legal research method. The data used includes primary and secondary data sources. The data collection methods used in this thesis are interviews and literature studies by reviewing written materials. All data were analyzed qualitatively, aiming to gather all relevant data.
The conclusion of this research is that exhibitionism is not explicitly regulated in Indonesian positive law. The act of showing one's genitals to others can be qualified as a criminal offense under Article 281 of the Criminal Code and/or Article 406 of Law Number 1 of 2023, Article 10 of Law Number 44 of 2008 concerning Pornography, and Article 4 paragraph (2) and Article 5 of Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Sexual Violence Crimes. In the context of prevention and handling within the University of North Sumatra environment, the USU PPK Unit undertakes preventive and repressive efforts. However, in the case of exhibitionism based on the report from Reporter A, the USU PPK Unit was unable to substantively follow up on the report because the alleged perpetrator was not part of the academic community. Therefore, the role of the USU PPK Unit was limited to accompanying the victim.135 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Juridical Analysis Of The Distribution Of Inherited Property Originating From Joint Marital Assets In a Fourth Marriage In Relation To Prior Marriages (A Study Of Decision No. 118/PDT.G/2020/PA.JNP)
No full textMarriage constitutes a legal and spiritual bond between a man and a woman,
intended to establish a happy and enduring family. The dissolution of marriage
gives rise to legal consequences, one of which concerns the division of joint marital
property and inheritance. This study examines the distribution of inheritance
derived from joint marital property in a fourth marriage in relation to prior
marriages, as reflected in Decision Number 118/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Jnp. The case
involves the late Jabbar Tanro, who during his lifetime entered into four marriages,
where the joint marital property from the first marriage was never divided despite
the occurrence of divorce. The dispute arose when the fourth wife claimed one-half
of the entirety of the decedent’s estate, while the children from the first marriage
objected to such claim.
The method employed in this thesis is normative juridical research, which
refers to the study of legal norms conducted through library research in order to
obtain secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials
relevant to the issues under examination. This research is descriptive in nature.
This study concludes that the separation of joint marital property and the
distribution of inheritance within marriage are generally regulated under Law
Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage and further elaborated in the Compilation of Islamic
Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam/KHI). In cases of multiple marriages, the joint
marital property between the husband and each wife must be calculated separately.
In the event of divorce or death, the joint marital property is divided equally: one
half for the surviving spouse and the remaining half constitutes part of the
inheritance. The mechanism for separating joint marital property in a fourth
marriage in relation to prior marriages requires that property acquired during the
first marriage be identified and separated in advance, as one-half of such joint
property constitutes the legal right of the former wife and does not form part of the
decedent’s estate. A juridical analysis of the distribution of inheritance derived from
joint marital property in a fourth marriage in relation to previous marriages must
therefore be preceded by the separation of joint marital property from each
terminated marriage, as stipulated in Article 35 and Article 37 of Law Number 1 of
1974 on Marriage, as well as Article 96 and Article 97 of the Compilation of Islamic
Law91 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Legal Protection For Policyholders Against Unlawful Acts In The Rejection Of Life Insurance Claims By Insurance Companies (A Study of Decision Number 149/PDT.G/2024/PN Mdn)
No full textThe rapid development of the insurance industry in Indonesia, with various types
of insurance such as life, general, and social insurance, demonstrates the important role
of insurance in mitigating life and business risks. However, public awareness of insurance
is often accompanied by concerns about claim rejections by insurance companies, which
can be detrimental to policyholders. The case of death claim rejection by PT. Asuransi
Jiwa Generali Indonesia against Luster Manurung (Decision Number
149/Pdt.G/2024/PN. Mdn), on the grounds of financial data inconsistency and BLT
recipient status, highlights the urgency of this study to examine unlawful acts by
insurance companies and the legal protection that policyholders should receive. This
study aims to analyze the legal provisions regarding legal protection for life insurance
policyholders, understand the forms of unlawful acts committed by insurance companies
against policyholders in life insurance, and analyze the legal considerations of the panel
of judges in Decision Number 149/Pdt.G.2024/PN. Mdn regarding the rejection of life
insurance claims as unlawful acts..
This study uses a normative juridical method with primary and secondary data
through library research. This study analyzes the legal provisions in related cases and
other reference materials relevant to the objectivity of the study.
The results of the study of Medan District Court Decision Number
149/Pdt.G/2024/PN.Mdn show that the action of PT. Asuransi Jiwa Generali Indonesia in
unilaterally rejecting life insurance claims is considered an unlawful act because it
violates the principles of good faith, legal obligations, and consumer protection. The
panel of judges based its considerations on Articles 1365 and 1338 of the Civil Code,
POJK No. 23/POJK.05/2015 and Law Number 40 of 2014 concerning Insurance. Based
on these legal grounds, the judge ruled that the insurance agreement remained valid and
binding, and ordered the insurance company to pay the sum assured to the policyholder.
This ruling emphasizes the importance of applying the principles of justice and legal
protection for policyholders against arbitrary actions by insurance companies in
rejecting claims without a valid basis.128 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Study of Andosol Soil Texture on Groundwater Percolation and Availability
No full textThis study aims to examine the effect of differences in Andosol soil texture
on the percolation rate and groundwater availability. The study was conducted
using three types of Andosol soil textures, namely sandy loam (A1), silty loam (A2),
and silty clay loam (A3). The results showed that Andosol soil texture significantly
affected the percolation rate and water availability. Treatment A1 (sandy loam) had
the highest percolation rate 18.89 cm/hour, but the lowest water availability
(29,964%). In contrast, treatment A3 (silty clay loam) had the lowest percolation
rate 6.88 cm/hour but the highest water availability (233,276%). Treatment A2
(silty loam) showed the most balanced results with the highest water availability
(31,53%). In conclusion, Andosol soil texture plays an important role in regulating
groundwater dynamics. Coarse-textured soils tend to lose water quickly due to high
percolation rates, while fine-textured soils are more effective at retaining water but
with slower percolation rates.57 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Strategic Model for Enhancing Msmes to Increase Their Contribution to GDRP and Regional Development in Kisaran Barat District Asahan Regency
No full textThis research develops a strategic model to strengthen MSMEs’ contributions to
GRDP and territorial development in Kisaran Barat, centered on the local potential
of Sepatu Bunut (heritage footwear). A mixed-methods design was used: a survey
of 120 MSME owners, in-depth interviews, and integration of SWOT–IFAS/EFAS
with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to rank priorities. Instrument quality is
strong (KMO=0.912; Cronbach’s Alpha=0.948). The findings indicate that
existing MSME conditions, product competitiveness, and strategic factors (finance
access, digital literacy, marketing, and institutional support) positively and
significantly affect MSME contributions. These contributions are reflected not only
in economic outcomes (value added) but also in local employment absorption,
increased formalization of businesses, and a more even spatial distribution of
economic activities. SWOT analysis positions MSMEs in Kisaran Barat in an
aggressive (Quadrant I) posture, while AHP ranks five core strategies:
revitalization, development of cross-sector MSME clusters, integration with
tourism and the creative economy; “MSMEs Go Digital” program and thematic
financing schemes through KUR and local institutions. The study delivers action
lines, a RACI governance matrix, and measurable KPIs (awareness, GMV, cost
efficiency, NPL) with a roadmap targeting MSME-driven GRDP uplift: +12% (year
1), +18% (year 2), and +25% (year 4). The principal contribution is an operational
model grounded in local potential that connects prioritized strategies with
execution and monitoring mechanisms, enabling replication in regions with similar
characteristics168 PagesTesis Magiste
Horticultural Cold Storage Design and Construction Using a 1 PK Split AC
No full textCold storage is a low-temperature storage system that is widely used to maintain product quality by inhibiting the rate of quality decline. In the field of Mechanical Engineering, the study of refrigeration system performance is important to assess the efficiency and cooling capability of a system. This study aims to design and build a small-scale cold storage with room dimensions of 1.8m × 1.8m × 1.8m using a 1 PK split AC as a cooling unit. The research method includes calculating the cooling load, measuring the temperature distribution of the cold storage room, and analyzing the coefficient of performance (COP). Data were obtained through manufacturing planning. The results showed that the 1 PK split AC was able to maintain the cold storage temperature in the cooling temperature range of 5℃, but the system efficiency decreased with increasing cooling load and operating time. The COP value of 3.28 obtained indicated that the system is still suitable for use in small-scale cold storage applications with a maximum capacity of 92.54 kg. This research is expected to contribute to the development and optimization of a simple refrigeration system based on a split AC as an alternative cooling solution in small-scale cold storage.81 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Application of the Line of Balance Method in Multi-Storey Building Construction Projects
No full textConstruction projects with repetitive activities, such as the construction of multi-storey buildings, require a scheduling method that can clearly and systematically describe the sequence of work. This study analyzes the application of the Line of Balance (LoB) method in the Construction Project of the Integrated Oncology Center Building at Adam Malik Hospital Medan, which has a repetitive work pattern in the structural and mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) installations from the 1st to the 8th floor. The objectives of this study are to compile a project schedule using the LoB method, compare the resulting duration with the existing schedule using the S-Curve, and evaluate the effectiveness of LoB in managing interdependent activities. The study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of the S-Curve and the project time schedule. The analysis is carried out through job decomposition, logic diagram preparation, calculation of start and finish times for each work cycle, and LoB graph creation. The results showed that the LoB method produced a total duration of 104 weeks, the same as the duration of the S-Curve method. However, the application of LoB was able to identify conflicts between activities, such as overlapping structural and MEP work, thus allowing schedule improvements through adjustments to the relationships between activities. The revised LoB graph showed no intersections between activities, indicating a more coordinated schedule. Thus, the LoB method has proven effective for projects with repetitive work because it is able to provide a clearer visualization of work relationships and facilitate schedule control.58 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Association of MSX1 and PAX9 Gene Polymorphisms with Non-Syndromic Hypodontia: a Case–Control Study
No full textHipodonsia adalah kelainan perkembangan gigi yang ditandai dengan tidak terbentuknya satu atau lebih gigi permanen secara kongenital, tidak termasuk molar ketiga. Faktor genetik berperan penting dalam etiologi kondisi ini, khususnya variasi pada gen MSX1 dan PAX9 yang memiliki fungsi utama dalam odontogenesis. Namun, data mengenai hubungan polimorfisme kedua gen tersebut dengan hipodonsia pada populasi Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan polimorfisme gen MSX1 dan PAX9 terhadap kejadian hipodonsia non-sindromik. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain case control melibatkan 39 subjek, terdiri dari 13 individu hipodonsia dan 26 kontrol. DNA diekstraksi dari darah vena dan fragmen gen MSX1 serta PAX9 diamplifikasi menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Analisis polimorfisme dilakukan dengan Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) menggunakan enzim Eco31I untuk MSX1 dan HaeIII untuk PAX9. Analisis genotip menggunakan Fisher’s exact test dan distribusi alel menggunakan uji chi-square, serta perhitungan Odds ratio. Hasil: Semua sampel menunjukkan satu pita 448 bp pada gen MSX1 sebelum dan sesudah pemotongan, menandakan seluruh subjek memiliki genotip wild-type (TT). Tidak terdapat perbedaan distribusi genotip antara kasus dan kontrol. Pada gen PAX9, distribusi genotip kasus adalah GG (38,5%), GA (46,15%), AA (15,38%), sedangkan kontrol GG (19,2%), GA (53,8%), AA (26,9%). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan distribusi genotip (p = 0,445) maupun alel (p = 0,200). Kesimpulan: Polimorfisme pada kedua gen yang dianalisis tidak terbukti berkontribusi terhadap hipodonsia pada populasi penelitian ini.60 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
An Analysis of Differences in Proving the Element of "Distributing" in the Criminal Offense of Distributing Pharmaceutical Preparations Without A Distribution Permit (A Study of District Court Decision Number 56/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Pct and Supreme Court Decision Number 2574 K/Pid.Sus/2023)
No full textThe circulation of illegal pharmaceutical preparations is a serious problem
that threatens the health of Indonesian society. Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning
Health has explicitly regulated the prohibition of circulating pharmaceutical
preparations without distribution permits, with threats of imprisonment and
significant fines as stipulated in Articles 435 and 436. This research aims to analyze
three main issues: (1) the regulation of criminal acts of circulating pharmaceutical
preparations without distribution permits according to Indonesian criminal law;
(2) the correlation between proving elements of criminal acts and the form of
judge's decisions; and (3) the judge's considerations and proof of circulation
elements in District Court Decision No.56/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Pct and Supreme
Court Decision No.2574 K/Pid.Sus/2023.
This research employs a normative juridical method with a descriptive
approach and qualitative analysis through literature study of legal norms relevant
to the research problems.
The research findings indicate that the regulation of criminal acts of
circulating pharmaceutical preparations without distribution permits is governed
by Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, particularly Article 435 which
regulates the circulation of pharmaceutical preparations that do not meet safety,
efficacy, and quality standards, and Article 436 which regulates pharmaceutical
practice without expertise and authority. This criminal act constitutes an unlawful
act that harms society as it contradicts proper social conduct and endangers public
health. The correlation between proving elements of criminal acts and judge's
decisions is based on the evaluation of valid evidence, where judges build
conviction through various approaches, whether formalistic, substantialist, or
progressive while maintaining integrity, professionalism, and independence to
achieve a balance between legal certainty, justice, and utility. Analysis of both
decisions shows that despite differences in perspectives between the first-instance
judge and the cassation level, both decisions have reflected legal certainty. The
Supreme Court considered that the defendant's receipt of Rp200,000.00 for the
purchase of Eximer pills through the witness's transfer constituted circulation
because a sale and purchase transaction had occurred, while the defendant had no
permit to circulate the drug and was not an authorized health worker, considering
that Eximer pills are prescription medications requiring a doctor's prescription.100 PagesSkripsi Sarjan