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Fish Biodiversity on the Mangrove Coast of Sei Naga Lawan Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province
No full textThe mangrove coastal area of Sei Naga Lawan Village is one of the coastal ecosystems in Serdang Bedagai Regency that has considerable fish resource potential but is increasingly subjected to environmental pressures due to human activities and changes in water quality. This study aimed to determine fish biodiversity and analyze the relationship between physicochemical water parameters and fish community structure in the mangrove coastal waters of Sei Naga Lawan Village. The research was conducted from July to August 2025 using a field survey method at three sampling stations determined by random purposive sampling. Fish samples were collected using hand lines, fish traps, and gill nets, while water quality parameters measured included temperature, water transparency, depth, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and salinity. Data analysis consisted of relative abundance, diversity index (H’), evenness index (E), dominance index (C), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that a total of 25 fish species belonging to two classes, Actinopterygii and Chondrichthyes, were recorded during the study. The species with the highest relative abundance at all sampling stations were Johnius carouna and Johnius trachycephalus. The diversity index values at the three stations were classified as low, ranging from 1.17 to 1.32, while the evenness index ranged from low to moderate (0.43–0.48), and the dominance index was categorized as low (0.40–0.44). Water quality parameters indicated that temperature and salinity were within the tolerance range for marine biota; however, pH and dissolved oxygen levels were below the established marine water quality standards. PCA results revealed that physicochemical parameters, particularly temperature, depth, and dissolved oxygen, were associated with fish abundance and biodiversity patterns. This study provides essential baseline information to support sustainable management and conservation of fish resources in the mangrove coastal area of Sei Naga Lawan Village.76 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Critical Discourse Analysis of Gibran Rakabuming Raka’s Political Communication on Social Media in 2023-2024
No full textThis study aims to analyze the political communication practices of Gibran
Rakabuming Raka on the social media platform X during the 2023-2024 period using
Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Gibran’s presence as a
young political figure in the 2024 presidential election makes his communication
activities on X significant to examine. This research employs qualitative methods with
documentation techniques, including the collection of Gibran’s tweets, comments, and
responses related to political issues and reactions to public criticism. In addition, this
study applies library research by reviewing books, academic journal, and online new a
sources. The analysis is conducted through Fairclough’s three dimensional CDA
model: text, discursive practice and social practice. The findings show that Gibran
employs concise and responsive political communication, characterized by the use of
humor, informal language and quick responses to public criticism. At the textual level,
his linguistic style reflects efforts to build closeness with the public and construct a
simple political persona. At the level of discursive practice, Gibran’s X account
functions as a tool to manage issues, respond to criticism and reinforce political
narratives. Meanwhile, at the level of social practice the produced discourse cannot be
separated from Indonesia’s socio-political context and relates to national political
dynamics, including debates surrounding political dynasties. This study concludes that
Gibran’s political communication on X is Part of a strategy to build political legitimacy
through interactive, adaptive, and populist nuanced digital discourse.119 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Morphological Characterization of Pumpkin Fruit (Cucurbita moschata) in Sei Bingai Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province
No full textThis study aimed to characterize the fruit morphology of pumpkin
(Cucurbita moschata) cultivated in Sei Bingai Village, Langkat Regency, North
Sumatra Province. The research was conducted from October to December 2025
using an exploratory–descriptive method. Sampling was carried out through
purposive sampling of harvested pumpkin fruits collected from several local
farmers’ fields. Morphological characterization was performed based on UPOV
descriptor guidelines by observing both qualitative and quantitative morphological
traits. The qualitative characters observed included fruit skin color, fruit shape,
longitudinal and transverse cross-section shapes, stem-end and blossom-end
profiles, fruit surface texture, flesh color, as well as seed color and shape.
Quantitative characters included fruit weight, fruit diameter, skin thickness, flesh
thickness, and seed size. Quantitative data were analyzed using mean values, while
genetic relationships among accessions were evaluated through cluster analysis
using the NTSys program. The results indicated a high level of morphological
diversity among pumpkin accessions, particularly in fruit shape, skin color, and
fruit size. UPGMA cluster analysis revealed three closely related accession pairs,
namely Accessions 1 and 4 with a similarity coefficient close to 0.51, Accessions 3
and 6 with a coefficient close to 0.63, while Accessions 2 and 5 exhibited the highest
similarity with a coefficient of 0.75.
Keywords: pumpkin, morphological characterization, genetic diversity.73 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Role Of The Community, Village, Women, And Child Empowerment And Protection Office (DPMDP & PA) In Providing Protection For Child Victims Of Sexual Violence In Toba Regency
No full textChildren constitute a vulnerable group that is entitled to protection from all forms of violence, including sexual violence, and the increasing number of cases in Toba Regency indicates that legal and social protection has not been optimally implemented, thereby emphasizing the importance of the role of the Office of Community and Village Empowerment, Women, and Child Protection (DPMDP and PA). The issues examined in this thesis, entitled The Role of the Office of Community and Village Empowerment, Women, and Child Protection (DPMDP and PA) in Providing Protection for Child Victims of Sexual Violence in Toba Regency, include: the regulation of criminal acts of sexual violence against children under Indonesian criminal law, the implementation of the role of DPMDP and PA of Toba Regency in providing protection for child victims of sexual violence, as well as the obstacles encountered and efforts undertaken in the implementation of such protection. This research employs a normative juridical method supported by empirical data, is descriptive-analytical in nature, and applies qualitative analysis techniques to primary and secondary data. The results of the study indicate that the legal regulation of sexual violence against children has developed comprehensively through the 2023 Criminal Code, the Child Protection Law, the Pornography Law, and the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes, while at the regional level the DPMDP and PA of Toba Regency has carried out prevention, handling, and rehabilitation efforts; however, these efforts still face obstacles in the form of limited human resources, budget constraints, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, low public awareness, and weak inter-agency coordination, thus requiring strengthened commitment from the local government and the development of a more integrated and sustainable child protection system.118 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Legal Force of A Debt Acknowledgment Letter as Evidence in Money-Lending Transactions (A Case Study of Decision No. 371/Pdt.G/2024/PN Mdn)
No full textThis research discusses the legal strength of debt acknowledgment letters as evidence in money lending and borrowing agreements, especially in Decision Study No. 371/Pdt.G/2024/PN Mdn. A debt acknowledgment letter is a deed containing a unilateral statement from the debtor regarding the obligation to pay a certain amount of money to the creditor within a certain period of time, which can be made privately or in the form of a notarial deed. The main problems in this research include, the position of a debt acknowledgment letter with a guarantee of land rights in the material security legal system in Indonesia, the legal consequences for the debtor if they default based on the debt acknowledgment letter, and an analysis of the judge's considerations regarding the legal strength of the debt acknowledgment letter in Decision No. 371/Pdt.G/2024/PN Mdn.
The research method used in this research is a normative legal research method. The nature of the research in this study is descriptive. The approach is based on a statutory approach and a case approach. The data collection technique is by means of library research by analyzing and studying systematically supported by primary, secondary and tertiary material sources, then analyzed qualitatively by drawing conclusions deductively.
Based on the research results that have been obtained, it can be concluded that debt acknowledgment letters made privately only have limited evidentiary power and cannot be executed immediately, whereas those made before a notary have executorial power, the legal consequences for debtors who are in default include obligations such as paying compensation, interest, fines, canceling the agreement, up to the execution of material guarantees, and in Decision No. 371/Pdt.G/2024/PN Mdn, the judge considered the debt acknowledgment letter valid as evidence, stated that the debtor was in default, and sentenced the debtor to pay the remaining debt along with material losses.115 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Potential of Endophytic Yeasts Isolated from Pineapple Fruit (Ananas comosus) Flesh as a Producer of Indole Acetic Acid and Phosphat Solubilize
No full textThis study aims to obtain endophytic yeasts isolated from pineapple (Ananas
comosus) fruit flesh and to evaluate their potential for indole acetic acid (IAA)
production and phosphate solubilization. The yeasts were isolated using a dilution
method on malt extract agar medium and characterized morphologically. The
production of IAA by each yeast isolate was observed qualitatively using Salkowski
reagent and the potential of the hormone as a plant growth was examined on root of
Coleus sp. Phosphate solubilization was determined based on the formation of a clear
zone surrounding yeast colonies on Pikovskaya’s medium. The result found six yeast
isolates were observed with varying colony characteristics, both morphologically and
microscopically. The yeast with the highest IAA production was found on isolate
YEAC-03 with a concentration of 0.627 mg/L. Indole acetic acid produced by all yeast
isolates have significant effect root length and no effect on roots number. Yeast isolate
YEAC-06, produce IAA 0.320 mg/L capable of producing longer roots than the others.
Yeast isolate YEAC-06 (3.05) was the highest phosphate solubilization index followed
by isolate YEAC-05 (3.00). The ability of endophytic yeast to produce IAA and to
dissolve phosphate indicate their potential to be used as a root stimulant and
biofertilizer for plants growth.56 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Problems of Eliminating Expenditure Obligations and Optimizing Performance Based Health Budgetting in Law Number 17 of 2023 Concerning Health
No full textHealth funding is a key factor in the provision of quality health services. Therefore, funding mechanisms must be able to encourage effective and efficient budget use. In Indonesia, the transition from expenditure obligations to Performance Based Health Budgeting has generated considerable discussion due to concerns about the potential neglect of health sector funding. Therefore, this paper will examine issues related to the correlation between expenditure obligations in health funding and the protection of citizens' rights to health services, the problematic elimination of expenditure obligations in Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, and the optimization of performance-based health budgeting in Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. The research method used in this study is normative juridical, with a statutory regulatory approach, a historical approach, and a conceptual approach. This research is descriptive and analytical, and the data used are secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques were conducted through literature review, followed by qualitative analysis. This research shows that expenditure obligations in health funding have a very close correlation with the protection of citizens' rights to health services. Therefore, eliminating expenditure obligations creates problems because it has the potential to lead to neglect of health funding and weaken the state's role in providing budget certainty for the health sector. However, in the context of health budget management reform, performance-based budgeting is the right choice as long as it is supported by strict regulations. Therefore, to optimize performance-based budgeting in health funding in Indonesia, the government needs to provide clear guidelines for developing a health master plan and regional mapping to determine prioritized budget areas, and strengthen health budget evaluation mechanisms.138 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Study of the Distribution of Domestic Wastewater Contamination from Septic Tanks on Andosol Soil Types
No full textThe current increasing population growth will increase development, especially residential
development. Population growth leads to surface and groundwater pollution due to limited
sanitation and domestic waste management. Households generally use septic tanks to
manage domestic wastewater, but these often do not comply with SNI regulations,
potentially contaminating shallow groundwater. Due to these issues, the authors conducted
a laboratory-scale simulation of septic tank wastewater distribution in andosol soil. This
simulation was conducted using a 100 cm x 100 cm x 40 cm glass box. The purpose of this
study was to determine the spread distance, travel time, and flow rate of septic tank
wastewater horizontally and vertically in a glass box. The spread simulation was carried
out with a test scale between the laboratory and existing conditions of 1:10. The physical
properties of the soil were tested, the concentration of Escherichia coli and Ammonia
(NH3N) contaminant parameters, and the concentration of contaminants based on distance
and time. The number of samples tested was 20 points arranged diagonally. The results of
the soil physical properties test include; soil specific gravity value of 2.6505%, plastic limit
of 10.985%, liquid limit of 36.697%, plastic index of 25.712%, sieve analysis of 17.265%,
water content of 20.42%, and permeability value of 5.966x 10-5 cm/s. The results of the
Escherichia coli concentration test at the closest distance from the source of the spread of
18.3 x 107 (CFU/100 ml) and the furthest distance of 6.2 x 107 (CFU/100 ml) with a
percentage decrease of 66%. The concentration of Ammonia (NH3N) at the closest distance
from the source of the spread of 4.2 (mg/L) and the furthest distance of 1.1 (mg/L) with a
percentage decrease of 74%. The simulation results of the vertical distribution of septic
tank wastewater in a glass box as far as 20 cm requires 236 minutes (3 hours 56 minutes)
with an infiltration rate of 5.56 cm/hour and horizontal distribution in a glass box at a
distance of 80 cm requires a distribution travel time of 505 minutes (8 hours 25 minutes)
with a speed/flow rate of septic tank water distribution of 9.2 x 10-3 Liters/minute.88 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of Intrinsic Elements in the Lyrics of the Song أتيت بَذنبي /ataytu biżanbī/ Sung by Mesut Kurtis
No full textThis study discusses the intrinsic elements in the lyrics of the song أتيت بذنبي /ataytu biżanbī/ performed by Mesut Kurtis. The purpose of this research is to identify the intrinsic elements contained in the lyrics of أتيت بذنبي /ataytu biżanbī/. This research is a library research. The data that the researcher collected used the observation method with a note-taking technicque using the descriptive analysis method. The data in this study consist of the lyrics of أتيت بذنبي /ataytu biżanbī/ sung by Mesut Kurtis. The sources of data were obtained from the official YouTube channel, books, theses, journals, articles, and e-books.This study applies Ahmad Asy-Syayib theory as the primary reference. The findings of the research show that the intrinsic elements in the lyrics are as follows: feeling, which consists of truth of feeling: 4 lines. Strength of feeling 4 lines. Continuity of feeling 2 lines. Variety of feeling 2 lines. And level of feeling 1 line. Creative imagination 9 lines. And associative imagination 4 lines. Ideas are found in each stanza of the lyrics. Form consists of literary variation due to differences in emotion 1 line. Literary language related to meaning 4 lines. And literary variation due to differences in authorship 1 line. The conclusionof this research is that the lyrics of أتيت
بذنبي /ataytu biżanbī/ build meaning that Allah SWT is a place to sincerely repent, ask for forgiveness, and make Allah SWT’s pleasure the main goal in life.79 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Various Concentrations of BAP and NAA on In Vitro Shoot Multiplication of Red Barangan Banana (Musa acuminate colla).
No full textThe Barangan banana (Musa acuminate Colla) originates from North Sumatra and is distributed throughout Indonesia. The main problem in banana cultivation is the availability of seeds. Banana plants are generally propagated by suckers, making it difficult to obtain large numbers of seeds in a relatively short time. The resulting seeds are not uniform and are not free from pests and diseases. In vitro plant culture is a rapid method for plant propagation in an aseptic environment. This method can produce high-quality plants with characteristics consistent with the parent plant and free from pests and diseases. This study aims to determine the effect of various concentrations of BAP and NAA in MS medium on shoot multiplication of red Barangan banana (Musa acuminate colla). This research was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, from June to October 2025. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of benzyl aminopurine (BAP): B0 (0 ppm), B1 (4 ppm), and B2 (6 ppm). The second factor was the concentration of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA): N0 (0 ppm), N1 (1 ppm), and N2 (2 ppm). Parameters observed in this study included the percentage of live explants (%), age at shoot emergence, number of shoots, shoot length, number of roots, root length, and number of leaves. The results showed that the BAP concentration significantly affected the age at shoot emergence, number of shoots, and number of leaves. The interaction between BAP and NAA significantly affected shoot length, number of roots, and root length.68 pagesSkripsi Sarjan