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Does Urbanization or Industrialization Have More Impact on the Increasing Prevalence of Diabetes in Developing Countries?
Get PDFRegardless of how developed a nation is, diabetes mellitus II and other noncommunicable diseases are becoming an increasing problem throughout the globe. However, as more developing countries are introduced to the advancements of industrialized technologies, as well as the shift from rural living to an urban environment they are experiencing a more marked increase in diabetes than anywhere else in the world. In this article we break down the categories of industrialization and urbanization into several key underlying factors that contribute to their proliferation of diabetes in the developing world.
For industrialization we assess the influence of food processing, agriculture system changes, as well as the major shifts in physical activity patterns. In regards to urbanization, we take a deeper look into diet trents, urban marketing systems, as well as the contrast with rural areas. Overall, the goal of this article was to evaluate these systems, and assess which of them has a larger influence on the rapid increase in diabetes amongst developing nations, as well as where we can address these concerns in a productive way. Throughout the study it was determined that industrialization has a more powerful grip and control over developing countries, and as a preceding nature to urbanization, has a higher influence on the diabetes problem worldwide
Comparison of Non-NSAID Pain Management in the Treatment of Patients with Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
Get PDFObjective To compare the efficacy of other modalities and interventions versus standard first-line therapy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain management in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Methods Perform literature reviews outlining patients suffering from Grade II or higher KOA using the Kellgren-Lawrence classification system and currently experiencing symptoms of pain, stiffness, and impaired physical functioning. Use data and results from various studies to compare improvement of symptoms from these modalities versus improvement of NSAIDs alone.
Results Weight loss and physical activity should remain the mainstay of early osteoarthritis treatment to help slow disease progression and symptoms of KOA. Duloxetine has been shown to be non-inferior to treatment with NSAIDs and improved patient physical functioning and quality of life. Oral and intra-articular corticosteroids remain superior or equal in pain reduction but have a shorter duration of action and greater adverse reactions when taken long term. Ozone therapy is best used in post-operative pain management or severe flares of osteoarthritis to quickly reduce pain and inflammation, long term therapy is not recommended over NSAIDs. Glucosamine does not decrease pain related to KOA but when used concomitantly with NSAIDs can increase physical function, quality of life, and also slow disease progression. LP-PRP injections have greater efficacy and resulted in lower WOMAC total scores at three, six, and twelve-month intervals when compared to ozone, hyaluronic acid, and corticosteroid injections. LP-PRP injections also have greater or equal efficacy of hyaluronic acid plus oral NSAIDs at one year. PRP therapy also has some evidence to suggest disease modifying potential. Hyaluronic acid injections resulted in less joint line tenderness and better physical functioning when compared to NSAID therapy alone, however, reduction in pain was not statistically significant. Prolotherapy was shown to be equally effective as PRP injections at pain reduction but requires serial injections. Benefit of prolotherapy is its safety profile and cost effectiveness. Finally, stem cell therapy resulted in lower WOMAC total scores when compared to hyaluronic acid injections. T2 MRI mapping indicates the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate cartilage and slow disease progression
Reiki for Pain and Anxiety in an Early Cancer Therapeutics Unit
No full textPatients diagnosed with cancer experience many symptoms including pain and anxiety. As these patients move through various treatments and their disease progresses, symptoms of anxiety can increase. In an Early Cancer Therapeutics Program at a large Midwestern academic tertiary care center, patients with advanced cancer are offered additional treatment options through enrollment in phase 1 clinical trials. These patients often have increased anxiety related to not only the progression of their disease but also this final attempt to bring their disease into control. There remains a need for nursing to recognize and be involved in the treatment of anxiety in patients with advanced cancer; and a need to have a systematic and consistent way to capture anxiety scores in this patient population. The use of complementary and alternative medicine, including the energy therapy of Reiki, has been shown to reduce pain and anxiety scores. Utilizing the concepts of presence and consciousness from Margaret Newman’s Health as Expanding Conscious (HEC) Theory (1999) as a guide, this project focused on steps to integrate Reiki therapy into an early cancer therapeutics program to lessen anxiety, decrease pain, and increase the overall sense of well-being of the patient with advanced cancer undergoing treatment in a phase 1 clinical trial. Nursing presence can enhance the nurse- client relationship while they work together to manage cancer related symptoms, including anxiety
El Movimiento de Minnesota: The Twin Cities Chicano Movements
No full textBetween the 1960s-1970s, the United States was dominated by social movement. The state of Minnesota was no different, as many of the conditions that were experienced nationwide were prevalent in this state. One of these impactful movements in the state was the Twin Cities Chicano Movement, as they constructed a new foundation for Mexicans across the state. It is not discussed much in the national scholarship, but its importance cannot be understated as its actions impacted Mexicans across the Midwest region. It was unlike other Midwestern Chicano Movements, as the Chicano Movements of Minneapolis and St. Paul began as a response to their own conditions-- with St. Paul responded to the destruction of the West Side Flats and Minneapolis as a multifaceted response-- and each city developed unprecedented organizations and services in their regions. These services included bilingual medical services, bicultural social organizations, and the development of the first Department of Chicano Studies in the Midwest, at the University of Minnesota. The Twin Cities Chicano Movements transformed the life of Mexicans in Minnesota, and created new political, economic, and social pathways for all Latinos
What is Victory? What is Loss? An Analysis of the War on Terrorism
Get PDFAlthough first coined by then United States President Ronald Reagan in response to state-sponsored terrorism, the War on Terrorism has irrevocably evolved since 11 September 2001. Concerned with annihilating the terrorist threats both abroad and at home, deeper questions of the war on terrorism are unanswered. What does it mean for the state to win or lose against terrorists? Conversely, what does it mean for terrorists to win or lose against the state? More precisely, what do the outcomes of armed conflict mean and look like within the context ofthe war on terrorism? Current terrorism studies literature focuses on what it takes for the state to win. Yet, scholars fall short of conceptualizing the alternative. This paper is a humble attempt to engage with the gaps in current research. Analyzing broader questions of constructivism, discourse and language, this paper grapples with contemporary theories of terrorism to put forth three claims. First, terrorism is a social construct whereby discourse is instrumental. Second, perceptions of victory rely on terrorists\u27 capacity to deal destruction. Third, for terrorists, to lose is to be forced to cease the campaign. Although victory and loss for states is largely indefinable, both measures became distorted. The reason for this is intuitive: what makes terrorism distinct from other forms of political violence is that the tactic requires interpretation by its audience. Adopting a Foucauldian notion of discourse as the production of knowledge and power, this paper posits that the stakes of the far-reaching War on Terrorism were defined and intensified by the heads of state. The consequence of which was that the war became a matter of preserving liberal-democratic values rather than addressing terrorists\u27 motivations
Identity Crisis: How the Outcome of the Cold War affects our Understanding of the Crisis in Ukraine
Get PDFThis paper discusses how history affects the present, arguing that the outcome of the Cold War aids our understanding of the current Ukraine Crisis by shedding light on the identity crises which Ukraine, Russia, and the United States faced after the Soviet Union collapsed. These new identities conflicted with each other, ultimately leading to the conflict we are facing today. The paper starts by discussing what the Ukraine Crisis is: current fighting between pro-Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine and Ukrainian troops, due to conflict that began after Ukrainian pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovych was overthrown in 2014. The situation in Ukraine did not spontaneously appear, but is the culmination of many years of tension and conflicting identities. Because of Ukraine\u27s long, intertwined history with Russia, many Ukrainians in the eastern reaches of the country believe they are more Russian than Ukrainian, and many of them are ethnically Russian. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many Russians were displaced and found themselves living in newly independent Ukraine, which they did not consider their homeland. Meanwhile, those in western Ukraine were closer to the democratic west, and ideas of free democracy were more prevalent. Also discussed is how Russia, after losing its identity as an empire, did not know what its relationship was with the post-Soviet states, causing it to revert back to an imperial state of mind, explaining its desire to get involved in the Ukraine Crisis. Meanwhile, the U.S. wishes to become involved in order to protect the New World Order and its identity as victor of the Cold War. However, the U.S. is also hesitant to interfere too much, as it could lead to a new Cold War and threaten its status as the victor. These conflicting identities all contribute to the Ukraine Crisis, and this paper aims to describe how this information can be used to better understand the crisis
Dry Nitrogen Deposition in the Grand Tetons: a Baseline Study
Get PDFPlant ecosystems are largely dependent upon nitrogen, but recent decades have presented many ecosystems with unhealthy increases in nitrogen deposition. Though a majority of nitrogen is thought to be deposited via precipitation (wet deposition), it has been discovered that as much as 25% of total nitrogen deposition can be attributed to gases and particulate-matter (dry deposition). The extreme sensitivity of terrestrial, alpine ecosystems has produced a substantial interest in the effects of nitrogen deposition in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). Currently, GTNP is one of the most at-risk parks in the country when considering the effects of increased nitrogen content (nutrient enrichment). As dry deposition has not been previously measured in GTNP, the current study conducted baseline measurements of nitrogenous dry deposition at two locations within the park. Ammonia contributed the most nitrogen, followed by ammonium, nitric acid, and nitrate, respectively. Total nitrogen dry deposition was estimated at 2.41kgN/ha/yr for the lower elevation site (Driggs) and 2.12kgN/ha/yr for the higher elevation site (Targhee)
The Fallout of 30-S
Get PDFThe good-left-bad-left framework of dividing the left leaning governments in Latin America has always seen President Rafael Correa (Ecuador) placed on the bad left or radical side. The recent police revolt of September 30, 2010 has laid bare the conflicts berween Correa\u27s government and various opposition sectors, warranting an in-depth look at Correa\u27s government in particular, rather than a generalization of all bad-left governments. The conflicted narratives of this police revolt also demonstrate the dissention that exists while approaching this pivotal national moment. The Correa government confronts complex and unique challenges from opposition that continues to be alienated. Among this opposition are: traditional political opponents, U.S. interests, social movements, and the media. Correa\u27s relationship with these opponents from 30-S onward shows the increased polarization between the government and its opponents, as well as providing insight regarding the situation of the Correa administration in Ecuador without attempting to adhere to a binary categorization model
Interprofessional research in Guided Imagery and Music: Working collaboratively
Get PDFInterprofessional collaborative research has been gaining momentum as a leading research practice. The challenges posed by the complex nature of the world and healthcare require new and different solutions. These require the diverse skill and collective work of multiple disciplines. As a result, funding agencies are giving priority to interprofessional collaborative research rather than single discipline research. This article focuses on one method of music therapy practice: The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM), where practitioners typically work alone. It reviews interprofessional collaboration in current GIM research literature and explores how GIM can benefit from this type of research practice. The authors identify and discuss the competencies and skills needed to successfully engage in interprofessional collaborative research and provide an analysis of two case illustrations of interprofessional research practice in GIM
Does administration of antipsychotic medications reduce the incidence and duration of delirium in critically ill adult patients?
Get PDFBackground: Acute delirium is a common complication among critically ill patients. Besides the manifestation of distressing symptoms, delirium can result in negative patient outcomes. Several studies show that antipsychotics such as haloperidol are one of the most commonly used interventions for delirium despite large variability and lower quality of evidence available to advocate for their use.
Methods: A literature review was conducted to investigate current evidence on the use of antipsychotic agents for preventing and treating delirium in the intensive care unit.
Discussion: There is conflicting data concerning the prophylaxis and treatment of delirium in critically ill patients. For prophylaxis with antipsychotics, some studies have shown a decrease in delirium incidence in post-operative patients with less effect on general ICU populations. For treatment with antipsychotics, smaller low-powered studies have shown a decrease in delirium duration while other studies do not show any benefit. High heterogeneity between studies due to variable study design makes the quality of evidence low. Minimal conclusions can be drawn from available literature, making it difficult to provide concrete clinical recommendations.
Conclusion: Given the low quality of evidence, the effectiveness of antipsychotics for ICU delirium remains uncertain. Antipsychotics should not be implemented for routine use, but can be considered to treat severe, acute delirium symptoms. Future research is needed to better establish the benefits and risks associated with antipsychotics and delirium in the ICU