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A systematic review of scientific studies on the effects of music in people with or at-risk for eating disorders
Get PDFBackground:The prevalence of the three main eating disorders (EDs) anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) is increasing, and a growing number of patients with EDs is seeking professional help. Thus, there is a need for additional treatment strategies in EDs. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature on the benefits and risks of music as well as the evidence for its therapeutic application in people with EDs.
Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature review on scientific studies on the effect of music in people with or at risk for EDs using PubMed and the Web of Science database. The search terms used were: “music”, “music therapy”, “eating disorders”, “anorexia nervosa”, “bulimia nervosa” and “binge eating disorder”.
Results: 16 out of 119 identified and screened articles qualified as scientific studies involving a total of 3,792 participants. They reported on the use of music or music therapy in individuals with or at risk of AN and BN, but not BED. In inpatients with AN, listening to classical music was beneficial to food consumption. Singing in a group reduced post-prandial anxiety in AN inpatients and outpatients. Vodcasts which also included positive visual or autobiographical stimuli helped BN patients with anxiety and body image perception. Songwriting and sessions with a Body Monochord helped with the processing of therapeutically relevant topics inAN. Watching music videos, however, reinforced body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, bodyweight concerns, preoccupation withphysical appearance in pre-teenage and teenage girls, and drive for muscularity in adolescent boys.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that the therapeutic application of music may be beneficial in patients with AN and BN. However, the availability of studies with a rigorous randomized controlled trial (RCT) design is scarce
Swiping more, committing less: Unraveling the links among dating app use, dating app success, and intention to commit infidelity
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to explore the cognitive processes linking people\u27s perceptions of their mobile dating app experience and their intention to commit infidelity. Three hundred and ninety-five participants were recruited through a U.S. based university (44.6%) and MTurk (55.4%). Our results indicate that people\u27s perceived success on a dating app was positively associated with their intention to commit infidelity through self-perceived desirability, and negatively associated with their intention to commit infidelity through perceived amount of available partners. These findings are discussed in light of theories of relational investment
Does the Use of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Improve Neurologically Favorable Survival in Patients with Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest?
Get PDFIn this retrospective review, the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was assessed in the management of refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Multiple factors were evaluated such as the duration of manual or mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), ECPR protocols and the rate of favorable neurologic outcomes for these OHCA patients. Survival with a favorable neurologic outcome is defined as cerebral performance categories (CPC) 1 or 2. Although CPR remains and will continue to be a critical component in the management of cardiac arrest, the persistently high mortality rate of the condition warrants further intervention. Established ECPR protocols include timely administration of emergency intervention, patient inclusion and exclusion criteria, mechanical CPR, specific cannulation technique, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as well as post-catheterization lab management. These protocols have shown encouraging initial results with an increased rate of survival with a favorable neurologic outcome when compared to management of similar patients with conventional CPR alone. This literature review found that there is strong evidence supporting the use of ECPR with ECMO support in the management of refractory VF/VT OHCA. Although there exists the need for more randomized control trials, implementation of ECMO and ECPR programs have shown to improve neurological outcomes for these patients
Goals of Actors Within the BDS Movement
Get PDFThe Boycott, Divest, Sanctions movement (BDS) is receiving growing attention from the general public and academics alike. Yet much remains unknown about the goals of actors within this dispersed international movement. This paper contributes to a growing body of scholarship examining BDS by attempting to answer the guiding research question: what relationship exists between the goals of the actors within the BDS movement? It analyzes both the statements and activities of the Palestinian BDS National Committee, the central coordinating nucleus of the movement, and local Twin Cities organizations working on behalfofthe cause. The paper concludes that parallel goals exist between actors in the movement. Both seem to be focusing efforts on boycott campaigns and regard the one-state solution as a preferential conclusion to the longstanding Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This research endeavor elucidates the little examined inner-workings of a complex, international social movement and offers a starting point for further study
Theorizing Indigenous Female/Spanish Male Partnership and Reproduction in the Sixteenth-Century Caribbean
Get PDFSexual relations between Spanish conquistadors and indigenous women were common in the sixteenth-century Caribbean. Drawing upon historical census data, archaeological evidence, and firsthand accounts, this paper looks at indigenous female/Spanish male sexual contact in all its forms--from rape, to concubinage, to legal marriage--and then explores two starkly antithetical theoretical interpretations of such contact. The first is sexual relations were inherently oppressive and pro-conquest, even when consensual, because they served to promulgate the twin colonial goals of cultural homogenization and mass conversion to Christianity. The second, advanced most prominently by Tony Castanha, is that the passing on of the indigenous seed through sexual contact with the Spaniards was itself a form of passive or peaceful indigenous resistance to colonization. I conclude that while there is insufficient evidence to support the latter interpretation, archaeological evidence suggests that indigerrous women who formed unions with Spaniards were able to preserve parts of their culture and exercise considerable agency within such relationships, despite their inescapably pro-colonial nature. My analysis, which pertains mainly to the sixteenth-century Greater Antilles with supplementary evidence from elsewhere in the Caribbean and the Spanish Americas, is grounded in a critical feminist understanding of the gender and racial dynamics of colonialism
Occupational Radiation Exposure Health Risks And Radiation Safety Practices Relative to Interventional Cardiology Providers
Get PDFBackground: Occupational radiation exposure is a health risk for many healthcare professionals working in interventional cardiology. As technology has progressed, interventional procedures have become more complex and subsequently longer in radiation exposure duration, resulting in a need for radiation safety practices to meet the ever growing demands of the interventional team and ideally outpace these demands.
Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed. Articles on the health risks of occupational radiation exposure were selected to demonstrate the breadth of potential adverse effects of radiation exposure with less focus on the depth of these effects. Articles covering occupational radiation safety practices were selected with a focus on radiation safety practices relative to body region and procedural aspects.
Results: Brain cancer, cataracts, cardiovascular disease, thyroid disease, mental health conditions, skin lesions, and orthopedic problems are some of the most prevalent occupational radiation exposure health risks. Fortunately, these risks have largely been reduced through utilization of personal and ancillary radiation shielding and improved procedural aspects.
Conclusion: Radiation is invisible and adverse effects may not present until years later, which may result in interventional cardiology providers becoming complacent and less vigilant with radiation safety practices. Furthermore, some interventional cardiology providers utilize suboptimal radiation safety practices due to perceived inconveniences and discomfort as well as the belief that optimal radiation safety practices may risk image quality and procedural efficiency. Ultimately, the greatest occupational radiation exposure reductions result from the reduction of radiation exposure to the patient due to reduced radiation scatter
Arase Observation of the Source Region of Auroral Arcs and Diffuse Auroras in the Inner Magnetosphere
Get PDFAuroral arcs and diffuse auroras are common phenomena at high latitudes, though characteristics of their source plasma and fields have not been well understood. We report the first observation of fields and particles including their pitch‐angle distributions in the source region of auroral arcs and diffuse auroras, using data from the Arase satellite at L ~ 6.0–6.5. The auroral arcs appeared and expanded both poleward and equatorward at local midnight from ~0308 UT on 11 September 2018 at Nain (magnetic latitude: 66°), Canada, during the expansion phase of a substorm, while diffuse auroras covered the whole sky after 0348 UT. The top part of auroral arcs was characterized by purple/blue emissions. Bidirectional field‐aligned electrons with structured energy‐time spectra were observed in the source region of auroral arcs, while source electrons became isotropic and less structured in the diffuse auroral region afterwards. We suggest that structured bidirectional electrons at energies below a few keV were caused by upward field‐aligned potential differences (upward electric field along geomagnetic field) reaching high altitudes (~30,000 km) above Arase. The bidirectional electrons above a few keV were probably caused by Fermi acceleration associated with the observed field dipolarization. Strong electric‐field fluctuations and earthward Poynting flux were observed at the arc crossing and are probably also caused by the field dipolarization. The ions showed time‐pitch‐angle dispersion caused by mirror reflection. These results indicate a clear contrast between auroral arcs and diffuse auroras in terms of source plasma and fields and generation mechanisms of auroral arcs in the inner magnetosphere
Nanoscale battery cathode materials induce DNA damage in bacteria
Get PDFThe increasing use of nanoscale lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LixNiyMnzCo1−y−zO2, NMC) as a cathode material in lithium-ion batteries poses risk to the environment. Learning toxicity mechanisms on molecular levels is critical to promote proactive risk assessment of these complex nanomaterials and inform their sustainable development. We focused on DNA damage as a toxicity mechanism and profiled in depth chemical and biological changes linked to DNA damage in two environmentally relevant bacteria upon nano-NMC exposure. DNA damage occurred in both bacteria, characterized by double-strand breakage and increased levels of many putative chemical modifications on bacterial DNA bases related to direct oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, measured by cutting-edge DNA adductomic techniques. Chemical probes indicated elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species and transition metal ions, in agreement with DNA adductomics and gene expression analysis. By integrating multi-dimensional datasets from chemical and biological measurements, we present rich mechanistic insights on nano-NMC-induced DNA damage in bacteria, providing targets for biomarkers in the risk assessment of reactive materials that may be extrapolated to other nano–bio interactions
Spatial Fingerprint of Younger Dryas Cooling and Warming in Eastern North America
Get PDFThe Younger Dryas (YD, 12.9–11.7 ka) is the most recent, near‐global interval of abrupt climate change with rates similar to modern global warming. Understanding the causes and biodiversity effects of YD climate changes requires determining the spatial fingerprints of past temperature changes. Here we build pollen‐based and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether‐based temperature reconstructions in eastern North America (ENA) to better understand deglacial temperature evolution. YD cooling was pronounced in the northeastern United States and muted in the north central United States. Florida sites warmed during the YD, while other southeastern sites maintained a relatively stable climate. This fingerprint is consistent with an intensified subtropical high during the YD and demonstrates that interhemispheric responses were more complex spatially in ENA than predicted by the bipolar seesaw model. Reduced‐amplitude or antiphased millennial‐scale temperature variability in the southeastern United States may support regional hotspots of biodiversity and endemism