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A Morphological Analysis on Bursa Historical City Center; the Physical Transformation of Khans District Between 1862 and 2018
No full textKent morfolojisi en genel anlamıyla kentin bir yaşam alanı olarak incelenmesidir. Kent morfolojisi çalışmaları, mekandaki değişimi inceleyerek toplumsal yapının gelişim sürecinde üretilen ilişkileri kentsel mekan ve kentsel dokular üzerinden analiz etmeyi amaçlar. Bu tezin temel amacı, Bursa'nın tarihi kent merkezinin ana alanlarından biri olan Hanlar Bölgesi'ni morfolojik yaklaşımlara dayalı olarak analiz etmektir. Tarih boyunca önemli medeniyetlerin beşiği olan Bursa şehri, tarihi, kültürü, sosyal ve ekonomik yapısıyla her zaman önemini korumuştur. Bu çeşitlilik şehri sosyo-kültürel, ekonomik ve mimari açıdan şekillendirmiş ve değiştirmiştir. Osmanlı döneminde kendine özgü kentsel yerleşim özellikleriyle şekillenen kentin, 20. yüzyılda sanayileşme, göç ve küreselleşme nedeniyle fiziksel ve mimari özellikleri değişmeye başlamıştır. Özellikle 1960'lı yıllardan sonra özgün niteliklerin hızla değişime uğradığı, bunun ötesinde giderek artan bir bozulmaya uğradığı görülmektedir. Tarihi kent dokusunda süregelen kalite kaybını durdurabilmek, mümkün olduğu kadar özgün bir şekilde geleceğe aktarabilmek, Hanlar Bölgesi'nde bundan sonra yapılacak müdahalelere güvenilir kaynaklara dayalı onarıcı yaklaşımlarla yön verebilmek ve onlardan referans alarak veya ilham alarak yorumlayabilmek önemlidir. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda tez çalışmasında Türkiye'nin önde gelen tarihi ve ticari merkezlerinden biri olan Bursa'nın tarihi kent merkezinin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan Hanlar Bölgesi'nin farklı dönemlerdeki kentsel özelliklerinin incelenmesi ve tanımlanması, kentsel özelliklerin farklı dönemlerdeki değişiminin incelenmesi, kentsel ve mimari niteliklerin morfolojik etkileşimini ortaya koymak hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma dönemi, Bursa Hanlar Bölgesi'nin fiziksel değişimini ve morfolojik dönüşümünün arkasında yatan faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla, Bursa'nın en eski haritası olan 1862 tarihli Suphi Bey Haritası ile en güncel harita yılı olan 2018 yılları arasında belirlenmiştir. Hanlar Bölgesi'nin farklı dönemleri, kartografik materyaller, eski fotoğraflar ve yazılı belgeler ışığında, yeniden çizilen haritalar üzerinde yapılan kentsel morfolojik analizler kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Analiz ve veri işleme sürecinde 1862, 1909, 1920'lerin sonu, 1957, 1989 ve 2018 yıllarına ait haritalar yeniden çizilerek (eski teknikleri nedeniyle deformasyonları giderilmiş olarak) üst üste çakıştırılmıştır. Tez çalışmasının belirlenen hedef doğrultusunda görsel ve biçimsel analizi sırasında kentsel doku ve mimari özelliklerin sadeleştirilmesi, çeşitlilik ve zenginliğin çeşitli aşamalarda ortaya konulması ve 'kentsel doku', 'kentsel dolaşım ağı' ve 'arazi kullanımı (işlevsel dağılım)'ın her aşamasındaki evrimin ortaya konulması ve karşılaştırılması, fiziksel sürekliliklerin ve değişimlerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan morfolojik analizler sonucu, açılan yeni ulaşım ağları ile organik kent dokusunun daha lineer hale geldiği görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra siyasi rejimler, modernizm etkisi ve planlamalar sonucunda yeni malzeme ve yapım teknikleriyle inşa edilen kamusal ve yönetim yapılarının, alanı ticari işlevi yanısıra yönetim, kamusal ve sosyal işlevlerin birarada bulunduğu bir bölgeye dönüştürdüğü söylenebilir. Yapılan literatür taramasına göre, çalışma alanı ile ilgili, kartografik materyalleri kullanarak morfolojik yöntemle yapılan herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, morfolojik yönteme dayalı bu tez çalışmasının, koruma ve restorasyon çalışmalarının yanı sıra, gelecek planlama ve kentsel tasarım çalışmalarına yol göstermesi açısından özgün bir kaynak olacağı düşünülmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Kentsel morfoloji, Planlama çalışmaları, Kentsel dönüşüm, Hanlar Bölgesi, Bursa tarihi kent merkezi.Urban morphology, in its most general sense, is the study of the city as a living space. Urban morphology studies aim to analyze the relations produced in the development process of social structure through urban space and urban patterns by examining the change in space. The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the Khans District, one of the main areas of the historical city center of Bursa, based on morphological approaches. The city of Bursa, as the cradle of important civilizations throughout history, has always maintained its importance with its history, culture, social and economic structure. This diversity has shaped and changed the city in socio-cultural, economic, and architectural terms. The city, which was shaped by its unique urban settlement features in the Ottoman period, changed its physical and architectural features in the 20th century due to industrialization, migration, and globalization. Especially after the 1960s, it is observed that the original qualities were subject to rapid change and beyond that to an increasing deterioration. It is important and necessary to be able to stop the ongoing loss of quality in the historical urban fabric, to transfer it to the future as original as possible, to guide the future interventions in the Khans District with restitutive approaches based on reliable sources or to interpret them by taking reference or inspiration from them. In line with these purposes, examining and defining the urban characteristics of Khans District in different periods, which constitutes an important part of the historical city center of Bursa, one of the leading historical and trade centers of Turkey, examining the change of urban characteristics between periods, revealing the morphological interaction of urban and architectural qualities. It is thought that the analysis based on this method is important in terms of guiding future planning and urban design in the study area, as well as the conservation and restoration works. The research period is determined between the years of 1862-dated Suphi Bey Map, the oldest map of Bursa, and 2018, the most current map year, to determine the physical change and the factors behind the morphological transformation of the historical city center of Bursa Khans District. In the light of cartographic materials, old photographs, and written documents, urban morphological analyses, shown on redrawn maps are used to compare different periods of the Khans District morphologically. In the analyses and data processing process the redrawn maps (with their removed deformations due to their old techniques) of 1862, 1909, late 1920s, 1957, 1989, and 2018 superposed successively. During the visual and formal analysis of the thesis study in line with the determined target, it is aimed to simplify the urban fabric and architectural features and to show the diversity and richness in various stages. In addition, it is aimed to reveal and compare the evolution at every phase of the 'urban fabric', 'urban circulation network', and 'land use (functional distribution)' for the Khans District, to reveal physical continuities and changes. As a result of the morphological analyses, it is observed that the organic urban fabric became more linear with the new transportation networks opened. In addition, it can be said that public and administrative buildings constructed with new materials and construction techniques due to the political regimes, the influence of modernism and planning have transformed the area into a region where administrative, public, and social functions, as well as commercial functions, coexist. According to the literature review, it was observed that there was no study conducted with the morphological method using cartographic materials regarding Khans District of Bursa. In this context, it is thought that this thesis study based on the morphological method will be an original resource in terms of guiding future planning and urban design studies, as well as conservation and restoration studies. Keywords: Urban morphology, Planning activities, Urban transformation, Khans District, Bursa historical city center
The Effects Of Different Sonication Methods On Alpha-Synuclein Pre-Formed Fibrils
No full textAlpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation is associated with neuronal death and the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). The α-syn preformed fibril model (α-syn-PFFs), reflects α-syn aggregation and is currently used in PD studies. To pass through the cell membrane, long fibrils should be fragmented by sonication. In our study, the effects of temperature, pulse modifications and/or device type on the sonication of α-syn-PFFs were investigated. Sonication was performed ultrasonic bath and in laminar-flow cabinet with probe sonicator. Dilutions were made from 5 µg/µl α-syn-PFFs stock in sterile-filtered dH2O to a final concentration and volume of 0.1 µg/µl and 200µl, respectively. Sonication was performed in an ultrasonic bath containing water at 10°C for 1 hour. All probe sonications were performed at 30% amplitude for 1 minute and 20 repetitions. The effect of temperature on sonication has been evaluated by performing sonication at room temperature (RT), in ice and in ice surrounded by dry ice. Also, the effects of pulse duration on sonication were evaluated using pulse durations of 1second(sec) on/1sec off, 3sec on/3sec off and 5sec on/5sec off. Furthermore, by waiting one minute between each sonication cycle, the heat released by the probe was prevented from affecting the fibrillar structure. The particle size was measured in triplicate by dynamic light scattering method. For transmission electron microscopy, formvar/carbon-coated grids were run through ddH2O-sonicated fibril-uranyl acetate solutions and kept dry until examined. Due to the variation in breakage of long α-syn fibrils, the effect of different parameters on sonication was investigated. In comparison of pulse durations, 5sec on/5sec off application produced shorter fibrils. Comparing the temperature interventions, lowering the temperature decreased the fibril size at 1sec on/1sec off settings but increased it at 3sec on/3sec off and 5sec on/5sec off. However, the shortest fibrils were obtained by sonication for 5sec on/5sec off at RT
Performance Analysis for Isac Systems With 1-Bit Dacs
No full textLow-resolution quantization constrains the maximum achievable gains of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. While the adverse effects and mitigation strategies have been thoroughly analyzed for communication systems, the impact of low-resolution quantization on integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems remains insufficiently explored in the existing literature. In this paper, we propose an analysis and design framework to investigate and mitigate the effects of 1-bit digital to analog converters (DACs) for ISAC systems. Firstly, an analytical sensing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) expression is derived by using the Bussgang decomposition. Furthermore, two different methodologies are proposed to design a transmit waveform that satisfies both communication and sensing requirements simultaneously. The first method uses a separate constant modulus (CM) sensing signal since CM signals are known to be more robust to nonlinear distortion than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulated signals. The second method employs the squared-infinity norm Douglas-Rachford splitting (SQUID) approach to construct the transmit waveform using nonlinear quantized precoding. Finally, the performance of the proposed methods are validated via numerical simulations to indicate the complexity-performance tradeoff between two different methods.The work by M. B. Salman and E. Bjornson was supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. The work by O. T. Demir was supported by 2232-B International Fellowship for Early Stage Researchers Programme funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye.Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2232-B]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiy
Search for Nearly Mass-Degenerate Higgsinos Using Low-Momentum Mildly Displaced Tracks in Pp Collisions at Formula Presented With the Atlas Detector
No full textHiggsinos with masses near the electroweak scale can solve the hierarchy problem and provide a dark matter candidate, while detecting them at the LHC remains challenging if their mass splitting is Formula Presented. This Letter presents a novel search for nearly mass-degenerate Higgsinos in events with an energetic jet, missing transverse momentum, and a low-momentum track with a significant transverse impact parameter using Formula Presented of proton-proton collision data at Formula Presented collected by the ATLAS experiment. For the first time since LEP, a range of mass splittings between the lightest charged and neutral Higgsinos from 0.3 to 0.9 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level, with a maximum reach of approximately 170 GeV in the Higgsino mass. © 2024 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration
User-Centric Cell-Free Massive Mimo With Ris-Integrated Antenna Arrays
No full textCell-free massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) is a promising network architecture for beyond 5G systems, which can particularly offer more uniform data rates across the coverage area. Recent works have shown how reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can be used as relays in cell-free massive MIMO networks to improve data rates further. In this paper, we analyze an alternative architecture where an RIS is integrated into the antenna array at each access point and acts as an intelligent transmitting surface to expand the aperture area. This approach alleviates the multiplicative fading effect that normally makes RIS-aided systems inefficient and offers a cost-effective alternative to building large antenna arrays. We use a small number of antennas and a larger number of controllable RIS elements to match the performance of an antenna array whose size matches that of the RIS. In this paper, we explore this innovative transceiver architecture in the uplink of a cell-free massive MIMO system for the first time, demonstrating its potential benefits through analytic and numerical contributions. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed phase-shift configuration and highlight scenarios where the proposed architecture significantly enhances data rates.The work by O. T. Demir was supported by 2232-B International Fellowship for Early Stage Researchers Programme funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye. E. Bjornson was supported by the FFL18-0277 grant from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [FFL18-0277
Main Parameters of Muon-Proton and Muon-Nucleus Colliders
No full textLepton-hadon çarpışmaları maddenin derin yapısını öğrenmemizde kritik rol oynamıştır: protonların yapısı (form-faktörler) ve quark-parton modeli elektronların sabit hedeften saçılması deneylerinde keşfedilmiştir. İlk elektron-proton çarpıştırıcısı HERA kuvvetli etkileşmelerin dinamiğini derinlemesine incelemiş ve Tevatron ile LHC deneylerinin doğru yorumu için parton dağılım fonksiyonlarının (PDF) temin etmiştir. Maalesef HERA'nın kütle merkezi enerjisi quantum kromodinamiği (QCD) için kritik olan bölgenin (çok düşük xB ve aynı zamanda büyük Q2) incelenmesine imkan sağlayamamıştır. Bu nedenle daha yüksek kütle merkezi enerjili (> TeV) lepton-hadron çarpıştırıcılarına gereksinim vardır. Bu çarpıştırıcılar hem de gelecekte kurulacak enerji ön-cephesi hadron çarpıştırıcıları için parton dağılım fonksiyonlarını temin edecektir. Enerji ön-cephesi lepton-hadron çarpıştırıcıları için iki seçenek mevcuttur: linak-halka tipli eh çarpıştırıcıları ve halka-halka tipli μh çarpıştırıcıları. Bu tez kapsamında son yıllarda önerilen müon-hadron çarpıştırıcılarının ana parametreleri irdelenecektir. Bunların belirlenmesinde TOBB ETÜ YEF grubu tarafından geliştirilen AloHEP yazılımı kullanılacaktır.Lepton-hadon collisions have played a critical role in our learning about the deep structure of matter: the structure of protons (form factors) and the quark-parton model were discovered in experiments scattering electrons from fixed targets. İlk elektron-proton çarpıştırıcısı HERA, güçlü etkileşimlerin dinamiklerini derinlemesine incelemiş ve Tevatron ve LHC deneylerini doğru şekilde yorumlamak için parton dağılım fonksiyonları (PDF) sağlamıştır. Unfortunately, the center-of-mass energy of HERA did not allow the study of the region critical for quantum chromodynamics (QCD) (very low xB and at the same time large Q2). Therefore, higher center-of-mass energy (> TeV) lepton-hadron colliders are needed. These colliders will also provide parton distribution functions for future energy frontier hadron colliders. Two options for energy frontier lepton-hadron colliders exist: linac-ring type eh colliders and ring-ring type μh colliders. In this thesis, the main parameters of the muon-hadron colliders proposed in recent years will be investigated. AloHEP software developed by TOBB ETÜ YEF group will be used in determining these
Postmenopozal Vertebral Fraktürlü Hastalarda Tek Başına Lomber Kemik Mineral Ölçümü Yeterli Mi?
No full textAmaç: Osteoporoz taraması, takibi amaçlı başvurmuş ve vertebral frajilite kırığı tespit edilmiş hastaların; torakal ve lomber X-ray grafileri dikkate alınmadığında, tek başına Dual X-ray Absorbtiometry (DXA) ile lomber kemik mineral yoğunluğu (KMY) (gr/cm2) ve T skorlarının değerlendirilmesinin, vertebral frajilite kırığı olan bireylerin hastalık yönetiminde yeterliliğinin gösterilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araçlar ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma retrospektif gözlemsel niteliktedir. Yaş, DXA ile lomber KMY ölçümleri (g/cm2) ve T skorları, kırık sınıflandırılması, kırık yerleşim bölgeleri, sayısı, radyolojik incelemelerinde artefakt varlığı verileri kayıt edildi. Osteoporoz kriterlerini karşılama ve radyolojik artefakt varlığı yönüyle hastalar gruplandırılarak karşılaştırmalar gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Toplam 5393 dosya taranarak, vertebral fraktür tespit edilen 176 hasta analizlere dahil edildi. L1-L4 T skoru ve total KMY değerleri osteoporozlu grupta daha düşük bulundu (p;lt;0.001 ve p;lt;0.001). Radyolojk artefaktların osteoporoz olmayan grupta daha fazla olduğu görüldü (p;lt;0.001). Osteoporozlu hastalarda torakal, osteoporozu olmayanlarda ise lomber bölgede kırık sayısı daha fazla bulundu (p=0.027), kırık şiddeti açısından fark saptanmadı (p=0.093). Radyolojik artefakt olan ve olmayan hastalarda; L1-L4 T skoru ve L1-L4 total KMY değerleri açısından yaşa göre farklılık gösterilmedi (p=0.169 ve p=0.452, p=0.980 ve p=0.993). Sonuç: Postmenapozal vertebral fraktürlü hastaların tanı ve takiplerini içeren değerlendirmelerinde, tek başına lomber KMY ölçümü yetersiz bulunmuştur. Klinik hastalık rehberlerinde vertebral fraktürlü hastalar ile ilgili daha net ve standardize edilmiş yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. İleri prospektif randomize kontrollü çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir
Measurement of the Production Cross-Section of J/Ψ and Ψ(2s) Mesons in Pp Collisions at S=13 Tev With the Atlas Detector
No full textMeasurements of the differential production cross-sections of prompt and non-prompt J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons with transverse momenta between 8 and 360 GeV and rapidity in the range |y|2 are reported. Furthermore, measurements of the non-prompt fractions of J/ψ and ψ(2S), and the prompt and non-prompt ψ(2S)-to-J/ψ production ratios, are presented. The analysis is performed using 140 fb-1 of s=13 TeV pp collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC during the years 2015–2018. © The Author(s) 2024.IN2P3-CNRS; 21/SCI/017; SCI/013; U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, AvH; Canarie; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA; Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation, MSSRF; CERN; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC; National Research Council Canada, NRC; Canada Foundation for Innovation, CFI; Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council, ERC; European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST; Australian Research Council, ARC; National Stroke Foundation, NSF; Neurosurgical Research Foundation, NRF; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF; Minerva Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, DNRF; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Generalitat de Catalunya; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, MOST; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO; Cooperative Research Centres, Australian Government Department of Industry, CRC; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, BMWFW; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science; Israel Science Foundation, ISF; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN; Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS, ARRS; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, CNRST; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, SBFI; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, BCKDF; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; Defence Science Institute, DSI; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA; Institutul de Fizică Atomică, IFA; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Royal Society of South Australia, RSSA; Irish Rugby Football Union, IRF
Child Pornography Crimes in Turkish Criminal Code
No full textBu tezde, çocuk pornografisinin kavramsal olarak kapsamı ve ceza hukuku alanında bağımsız bir suç olarak düzenlenmesinin önemi ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda birinci bölümde öncelikle konuyla ilişkili kavramlar incelenecektir. Daha sonra çocuk pornografisi kavramı ve yaygın görünüş biçimlerine değinilecektir. İkinci bölümde, çocuk pornografisi suçunun bazı ülkelerde düzenlenme şekilleri ve çocuk pornografisine ilişkin uluslararası hukuki düzenlemeler ele alınacaktır. Üçüncü bölümde ise, Türk Ceza Kanunu'nda müstehcenlik suçu içerisinde yer alan çocuk pornografisi suçu ile ilgili bazı suçlar detaylı bir şekilde incelenecek, çocuk pornografisinin bağımsız bir suç olarak düzenlenmesi gerekliliği üzerine eleştiriler ortaya konacaktır.In this thesis, an attempt has been made to elucidate the conceptual scope of child pornography and the significance of its regulation as an independent offense in the field of criminal law. In this context, the first chapter will initially explore relevant terms associated with the subject. Subsequently, the concept of child pornography and its prevalent manifestations will be discussed. In the second chapter, the regulatory approaches to child pornography offenses in some countries and international legal frameworks pertaining to child pornography will be examined. The third chapter will comprehensively scrutinize the provisions related to child pornography within the offense of obscenity in the Turkish Criminal Code, and critiques regarding the necessity of regulating child pornography as a distinct offense will be presented
Long-Term Antifouling Surfaces for Urinary Catheters
No full textThe presence of a variety of bacteria is an inevitable/indispensable part of human life. In particular, for patients, the existence and spreading of bacteria lead to prolonged treatment period with many more complications. The widespread use of urinary catheters is one of the main causes for the prevalence of infections. The necessity of long-term use of indwelling catheters is unavoidable in terms of the development of bacteriuria and blockage. As is known, since a permanent solution to this problem has not yet been found, research and development activities continue actively. Herein, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-like thin films were synthesized by a custom designed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) method and the long-term effect of antifouling properties of PEG-like coated catheters was investigated against Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The contact angle measurements have revealed the increase of wettability with the increase of plasma exposure time. The antifouling activity of surface-coated catheters was analyzed against the Gram-negative/positive bacteria over a long-term period (up to 30 days). The results revealed that PE-CVD coated PEG-like thin films are highly capable of eliminating bacterial attachment on surfaces with relatively reduced protein attachment without having any toxic effect. Previous statements were supported with SEM, XPS, FTIR spectroscopy, and contact angle analysis. One-step synthesis of PEG-like thin films on urinary catheters with long-term bacterial repellency and biocompatibility.Trkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arascedil;timath;rma Kurumu [221S775]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); TUBITAKThis study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the Grant Number 221S775. The authors thank to TUBITAK for their supports