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Technique and Tectonic Concepts as Theoretical Tools in Object and Space Production: an Experimental Approach To Building Technologies I and Ii Courses
No full textBy focusing on technical content, this study presents 'two experimental building technologies courses' connecting the conceptual and practical aspects of architectural object production. Built on the fundamental 'concept of making', these courses encourage students to explore their creative abilities by uniting material, form, and purpose. In the Building Technologies I course, exploration starts with the concept of 'technique', which involves the practical and theoretical knowledge necessary to shape architectural objects. This technique allows the production of architectural objects that encapsulate spaces carrying action and time, making a mere explanation of space creation insufficient. Thus, in the Building Technologies II course, the focus shifts to the 'tectonic' concept, which involves creating coherent spatial entities within a single structural system. The two courses aim to equip students with the ability to develop their unique knowledge and methods for construction before advancing to more theorised Building Technologies courses. Students are encouraged to engage with materials to uncover their potential, experiment with forms to achieve design goals, and personalise construction processes. This proposal advocates for foundational construction courses built on intuitive knowledge to replace traditional rational knowledge courses. Our study presents the methodologies and outputs of the proposed Building Technologies courses as a basis for ongoing construction courses
Atlas Run 2 Searches for Electroweak Production of Supersymmetric Particles Interpreted Within the Pmssm
No full textA summary of the constraints from searches performed by the ATLAS collaboration for the electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos is presented. Results from eight separate ATLAS searches are considered, each using 140 fb(-1) of proton-proton data at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 13TeV collected at the Large Hadron Collider during its second data-taking run. The results are interpreted in the context of the 19-parameter phenomenological minimal supersymmetric standard model, where R-parity conservation is assumed and the lightest supersymmetric particle is assumed to be the lightest neutralino. Constraints from previous electroweak, flavour and dark matter related measurements are also considered. The results are presented in terms of constraints on supersymmetric particle masses and are compared with limits from simplified models. Also shown is the impact of ATLAS searches on parameters such as the dark matter relic density and the spin-dependent and spin-independent scattering cross-sections targeted by direct dark matter detection experiments. The Higgs boson and Z boson 'funnel regions', where a low-mass neutralino would not oversaturate the dark matter relic abundance, are almost completely excluded by the considered constraints. Example spectra for non-excluded supersymmetric models with light charginos and neutralinos are also presented.ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, Canada; ANID, Chile; CAS, China; MOST, China; NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, France; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, Germany; HGF, Germany; MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC, China; Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, Switzerland; Canton of Bern, Switzerland; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taipei; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF, Canada; CANARIE, Canada; CRC, Canada; DRAC, Canada; CERN-CZ, Czech Republic; PRIMUS, Czech Republic [21/SCI/017]; UNCE, Czech Republic [SCI/013]; COST, European Union; ERC, European Union; ERDF, European Union; Horizon 2020, European Union; ICSC-NextGenerationEU, European Union; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, France; Investissements d'Avenir Idex, France; ANR, France; DFG, Germany; AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos programme - EU-ESF; Thales programme - EU-ESF; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF; Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF, Israel; MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN, Poland; NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, Spain; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; GenT Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; Royal Society, United Kingdom; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; Chile: Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo [FONDECYT 1190886, FONDECYT 1210400, FONDECYT 1230812, FONDECYT 1230987]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC-12175119, NSFC 12275265, NSFC-12075060]; PRIMUS Research Programme [PRIMUS/21/SCI/017]; European Union: European Research Council [ERC-948254]; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme [MUCCA-CHIST-ERA-19-XAI-00]; European Union; Future Artificial Intelligence Research (FAIR-NextGenerationEU) [PE00000013]; Italian Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing (ICSC, NextGenerationEU); Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (EU H2020 MSC IF) [101033496]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022]; Investissements d'Avenir Idex [ANR-11-LABX-0012]; Investissements d'Avenir Labex [ANR-11-LABX-0012]; Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung (BW Stiftung-Postdoc Eliteprogramme); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG -469666862, DFG -CR 312/5-1]; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [754496]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI) [22KK0227, JSPS KAKENHI JP21H05085, JSPS KAKENHI JP22H01227, JSPS KAKENHI JP22H04944]; Netherlands: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [2020-VI.Veni.202.179]; Norway: Research Council of Norway [RCN-314472]; Poland: Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange [PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001]; Polish National Science Centre [NCN 2021/42/E/ST2/00350, 2022/47/B/ST2/03059, NCN UMO-2019/34/E/ST2/00393, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187]; Slovenia: Slovenian Research Agency [J1-3010]; Spain: BBVA Foundation [LEO22-1-603]; Generalitat Valenciana (Artemisa, FEDER) [IDIFEDER/2018/048]; La Caixa Banking Foundation [LCF/BQ/PI20/11760025]; Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) [NextGenEU-PCI2022-135018-2, FEDER-PID2021-125273NB, RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2020-030254-I, RYC2021-031273-I, RYC2022-038164-I]; Generalitat Valenciana [CIDEGENT/2019/023, CIDEGENT/2019/027]; Sweden: Swedish Research Council [VR 2018-00482, VR 2022-03845, VR 2022-04683, 2021-03651]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW 2017.0100, KAW 2018.0157, KAW 2018.0458, KAW 2019.0447]; Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation [SNSF -PCEFP2_194658]; United Kingdom: Leverhulme Trust [RPG-2020-004]; United States of America: Neubauer Family FoundationWe gratefully acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, The Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taipei; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. Individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and DRAC, Canada; PRIMUS 21/SCI/017 and UNCE SCI/013, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, ICSC-NextGenerationEU and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. In addition, individual members wish to acknowledge support from Chile: Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (FONDECYT 1190886, FONDECYT 1210400, FONDECYT 1230987); China: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC -12175119, NSFC 12275265); European Union: European Research Council (ERC -948254), Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (MUCCA -CHIST-ERA-19-XAI-00), Italian Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing (ICSC, NextGenerationEU), Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (EU H2020 MSC IF GRANT NO 101033496); France: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022), Investissements d'Avenir Idex (ANR-11-LABX-0012), Investissements d'Avenir Labex (ANR-11-LABX-0012); Germany: Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung (BW Stiftung-Postdoc Eliteprogramme), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG -CR 312/5-1); Italy: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (FELLINI G.A. n. 754496, ICSC, NextGenerationEU); Japan: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI 22H01227, JSPS KAKENHI JP21H05085, JSPS KAKENHI JP22H04944); Netherlands: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO Veni 2020 - VI.Veni.202.179); Norway: Research Council of Norway (RCN-314472); Poland: Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001), Polish National Science Centre (NCN 2021/42/E/ST2/00350, NCN OPUS nr 2022/47/B/ST2/03059, NCN UMO-2019/34/E/ST2/00393, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187); Slovenia: Slovenian Research Agency (ARIS grant J1-3010); Spain: BBVA Foundation (LEO22-1-603), Generalitat Valenciana (Artemisa, FEDER, IDIFEDER/2018/048), La Caixa Banking Foundation (LCF/BQ/PI20/11760025), Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2020-030254-I), PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2019/023, CIDEGENT/2019/027); Sweden: Swedish Research Council (VR 2022-03845), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2017.0100, KAW 2018.0157, KAW 2019.0447); Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF - PCEFP2_194658); United Kingdom: Leverhulme Trust (Leverhulme Trust RPG-2020-004); United States of America: Neubauer Family Foundation
Gliovascular Transcriptional Perturbations in Alzheimer's Disease Reveal Molecular Mechanisms of Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction
No full textTo uncover molecular changes underlying blood-brain-barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, we performed single nucleus RNA sequencing in 24 Alzheimer's disease and control brains and focused on vascular and astrocyte clusters as main cell types of blood-brain-barrier gliovascular-unit. The majority of the vascular transcriptional changes were in pericytes. Of the vascular molecular targets predicted to interact with astrocytic ligands, SMAD3, upregulated in Alzheimer's disease pericytes, has the highest number of ligands including VEGFA, downregulated in Alzheimer's disease astrocytes. We validated these findings with external datasets comprising 4,730 pericyte and 150,664 astrocyte nuclei. Blood SMAD3 levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease-related neuroimaging outcomes. We determined inverse relationships between pericytic SMAD3 and astrocytic VEGFA in human iPSC and zebrafish models. Here, we detect vast transcriptome changes in Alzheimer's disease at the gliovascular-unit, prioritize perturbed pericytic SMAD3-astrocytic VEGFA interactions, and validate these in cross-species models to provide a molecular mechanism of blood-brain-barrier disintegrity in Alzheimer's disease. Systematic studies are needed to discover molecular determinants of blood brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. This study identifies perturbed pericytic SMAD3-astrocytic VEGFA interactions as a potential driver of this dysfunction.We would like to thank the patients and their families for their participation, without whom these studies would not have been possible. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging [RF AG051504, U01 AG046139, R01 AG061796, U19 AG074879 to NET; P30 AG062677 to RCP, CJ, KK, MEM; R01 AG054449, R01 AG075802, U19 AG069701 to MEM; R01 LM012535 and U01AG072177 to KN; U19 AG024904, P30 AG072976, U01 AG068057, to AJS; NIA R01AG067501, RF1AG066107, R01AG072474 to RM, BNV, CK], Columbia University Schaefer Research Scholar Award, Thompson Family Foundation Program for Accelerated Medicines Exploration in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders of The Nervous System (TAME-AD), and Taub Institute Grants for Emerging Research (TIGER) to C.K. NET is also supported by the Alzheimer's Association Zenith Fellows Award (ZEN-22-969810). We thank the Mayo Clinic Genome Analysis Core (GAC), Co-Directors, Julie M. Cunningham, PhD and Eric Wieben, PhD, and supervisor Julie Lau, for their collaboration in collection of omics data. We would like to thank the Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics for providing iPSC lines and relevant patient data. We would like to thank Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Imaging Platform at Columbia University, Molecular Pathology (MPSR) and Flow Cytometry Core Facility (CCTI, supported in part by the Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health under awards S10OD020056) platforms of the Columbia University Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center for procedural support, and New York Brain Bank for post-mortem human brain sections. The single cell sequencing for zebrafish was performed by the Single Cell Analysis Core and Columbia Genome Center at the Sulzberger Genome Center, which was funded in part through the NIH/NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30CA013696 and used the Genomics and High Throughput Screening Shared Resource. Part of the data generation for this publication at Columbia University was also supported in part by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, through Grant Number UL1TR001873. Data collection and sharing for this project was funded by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (National Institutes of Health Grant U01 AG024904) and DOD ADNI (Department of Defense award number W81XWH-12-2-0012). ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and through generous contributions from the following: AbbVie, Alzheimer's Association; Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation; Araclon Biotech; BioClinica, Inc.; Biogen; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; CereSpir, Inc.; Cogstate; Eisai Inc.; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; EuroImmun; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and its affiliated company Genentech, Inc.; Fujirebio; GE Healthcare; IXICO Ltd.; Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research ; development, LLC.; Johnson ; Johnson Pharmaceutical Research ; Development LLC.; Lumosity; Lundbeck; Merck ; Co., Inc.; Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.; NeuroRx Research; Neurotrack Technologies; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer Inc.; Piramal Imaging; Servier; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company; and Transition Therapeutics. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research is providing funds to support ADNI clinical sites in Canada. Private sector contributions are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (www.fnih.org).; The grantee organization is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute at the University of Southern California. ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory for Neuro Imaging at the University of Southern. Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf.U.S. Department of Health ; Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging) [RF AG051504, U01 AG046139, R01 AG061796, U19 AG074879, P30 AG062677, R01 AG054449, R01 AG075802, U19 AG069701, R01 LM012535, U01AG072177, U19 AG024904, P30 AG072976, U01 AG068057]; National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging [R01AG067501, RF1AG066107, R01AG072474]; NIA; Columbia University Schaefer Research Scholar Award; Taub Institute Grants for Emerging Research [ZEN-22-969810]; Alzheimer's Association Zenith Fellows Award; Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease [S10OD020056]; Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health [P30CA013696]; NIH/NCI Cancer Center [UL1TR001873]; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health [U01 AG024904]; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (National Institutes of Health) [W81XWH-12-2-0012]; DOD ADNI (Department of Defense); National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Alzheimer's Association; Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation; Araclon Biotech; Biogen; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; CereSpir, Inc.; Cogstate; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; EuroImmun; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; Fujirebio; Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research ; development, LLC.; Johnson ; Johnson Pharmaceutical Research ; Development LLC.; Merck Co., Inc.; Meso Scale Diagnostics; NeuroRx Research; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer Inc.; Piramal Imaging; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; ADNI clinical sites in Canada; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; Northern California Institute for Research and Education; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu
Self-Aligning Nanojunctions for Integrated Single-Molecule Circuits
No full textLiu, Bo/0000-0003-4627-4456; Oren, Ersin Emre/0000-0001-5902-083X; Demir, Busra/0000-0002-3911-2291; Akin Gultakti, Caglanaz/0000-0002-0227-1002; Hihath, Joshua/0000-0002-2949-9293; Marrs, Jonathan/0000-0001-6434-2980Robust, high-yield integration of nanoscale components such as graphene nanoribbons, nanoparticles, or single-molecules with conventional electronic circuits has proven to be challenging. This difficulty arises because the contacts to these nanoscale devices must be precisely fabricated with angstrom-level resolution to make reliable connections, and at manufacturing scales this cannot be achieved with even the highest-resolution lithographic tools. Here we introduce an approach that circumvents this issue by precisely creating nanometer-scale gaps between metallic carbon electrodes by using a self-aligning, solution-phase process, which allows facile integration with conventional electronic systems with yields approaching 50%. The electrode separation is controlled by covalently binding metallic single-walled carbon nanotube (mCNT) electrodes to individual DNA duplexes to create mCNT-DNA-mCNT nanojunctions, where the gap is precisely matched to the DNA length. These junctions are then integrated with top-down lithographic techniques to create single-molecule circuits that have electronic properties dominated by the DNA in the junction, have reproducible conductance values with low dispersion, and are stable and robust enough to be utilized as active, high-specificity electronic biosensors for dynamic single-molecule detection of specific oligonucleotides, such as those related to the SARS-CoV-2 genome. This scalable approach for high-yield integration of nanometer-scale devices will enable opportunities for manufacturing of hybrid electronic systems for a wide range of applications.The authors acknowledge funding support from the National Science Foundation Future Manufacturing Program, Grant NSF-2036865/2328217, and the Keck Foundation. We also thank M. P. Anantram, William Livernois, and Yonggang Ke for fruitful discussions.Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems [NSF-2036865/2328217]; National Science Foundation Future Manufacturing Program; Keck Foundatio
An Experimental Design-Based Approach for Modelling of Weapon Engagement Zone of an Air-To Missile
No full textIt is vital for pilots to have precise information about missile ranges during air-to-air combat. The Weapon Engagement Zone (WEZ), or Dynamic Launch Zone (DLZ) for air missions, represents these ranges based on the flight conditions of both the launching and target aircraft. Generating accurate, real-time WEZ functions requires high-fidelity simulations under various engagement scenarios. Classical approaches often require numerous simulations due to uncertainty in sample requirements and complexities like nonlinearities. To address this, the study proposes a method that treats WEZ modeling as a computer experiment, using a surrogate model developed through sequential experimental design and deep neural networks (DNN). This iterative approach optimizes the number of simulations needed, minimizing the loss of model accuracy. The method's effectiveness is validated by comparing it to classical factorial designs, showing that the proposed approach achieves similar accuracy with significantly fewer sample points, making it a more efficient solution for WEZ modeling
Sectored DRAM: A Practical Energy-Efficient and High-Performance Fine-Grained DRAM Architecture
No full textModern computing systems access data in main memory at coarse granularity (e.g., at 512-bit cache block granularity). Coarse-grained access leads to wasted energy because the system does not use all individually accessed small portions (e.g., words, each of which typically is 64 bits) of a cache block. In modern DRAMbased computing systems, two key coarse-grained access mechanisms lead to wasted energy: large and fixedsize (i) data transfers between DRAM and the memory controller and (ii) DRAM row activations. We propose Sectored DRAM, a new, low-overhead DRAM substrate that reduces wasted energy by enabling fine-grained DRAM data transfer and DRAM row activation. To retrieve only useful data from DRAM, Sectored DRAM exploits the observation that many cache blocks are not fully utilized in many workloads due to poor spatial locality. Sectored DRAM predicts the words in a cache block that will likely be accessed during the cache block's residency in cache and (i) transfers only the predicted words on the memory channel by dynamically tailoring the DRAM data transfer size for the workload and (ii) activates a smaller set of cells that contain the predicted words by carefully operating physically isolated portions of DRAM rows (i.e., mats). Activating a smaller set of cells on each access relaxes DRAM power delivery constraints and allows the memory controller to schedule DRAM accesses faster. We evaluate Sectored DRAM using 41 workloads from widely used benchmark suites. Compared to a system with coarse-grained DRAM, Sectored DRAM reduces the DRAM energy consumption of highly memory intensive workloads by up to (on average) 33% (20%) while improving their performance by up to (on average) 36% (17%). Sectored DRAM's DRAM energy savings, combined with its system performance improvement, allows system-wide energy savings of up to 23%. Sectored DRAM's DRAM chip area overhead is 1.7% of the area of a modern DDR4 chip. Compared to state-of-the-art fine-grained DRAM architectures, Sectored DRAM greatly reduces DRAM energy consumption, does not reduce DRAM bandwidth, and can be implemented with low hardware cost. Sectored DRAM provides 89% of the performance benefits of, consumes 12% less DRAM energy than, and takes up 34% less DRAM chip area than a high-performance state-of-the-art fine-grained DRAM architecture (Half-DRAM). It is our hope and belief that Sectored DRAM's ideas and results will help to enable more efficient and high-performance memory systems. To this end, we open source Sectored DRAM at https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/Sectored-DRAM.This work was supported in part by the Semiconductor Research Corporation, the ETH Future Computing Laboratory, and the AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems (ACCESS).Semiconductor Research Corporation; ETH Future Computing Laboratory; AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems (ACCESS
Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Primary Headache Disorders: Is Pain Duration a Clinical Correlate?
No full textObjectiveGanglion cell layer thickness (GCLT) may be used as a potential marker for central neural changes. We compared GCLT by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with primary headache disorders and healthy controls. We seek whether there was any difference between the headache groups and whether any clinical parameters correlated to GCLT.MethodsFifty-three primary headache patients, 11 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in this cross-sectional study after power analysis. All subjects underwent SD-OCT. The duration of disorder, headache frequency, severity, duration of pain, presence of ocular pain, and accompanying symptoms have been collected.ResultsMean GCLT of the headache group was 15.7 +/- 3.8 mu m (mean +/- standard deviation), and the control group was 17.5 +/- 2.4. The difference was not statistically significant. When we compared the controls, migraine and tension-type headache patients' GCLT values, we found a significant difference (ANOVA, p = 0.001). Migraine patients had thinner GCLT compared to all non-migraine headache patients (p = 0.01). Intraocular pressure values of migraine patients and non-migraine patients were not statistically significantly different (p = 0.13). The only clinical parameter that correlated with GCLT was pain duration (r = -0.43 and p = 0.01). The patients with white matter lesions had thinner GCLT (p = 0.046).ConclusionOur results suggest that not long-term suffering from pain but migraine pathophysiology itself seems to affect neuroretinal tissue. Pain duration was moderately and inversely correlated to GCLT, meaning that the longer the headache, the thinner the ganglion cell layer is
Utilising Computational Fluid Dynamics To Investigate Damping Effects in Fluid Inerter-Based Vibration Control Devices
No full textData Physics; PolytecOver the past two decades, inerters have attracted significant attention in structural control. Numerous applications in engineering fields have proposed employing inerter-based control devices to mitigate structural vibrations. While theoretical studies have demonstrated performance enhancements, practical implementation and experimental validation have remained limited primarily due to cost and technical challenges. Studies conducted with the physically built inerters have showed discrepancies between theoretical model of the inerter and its actual performance because of factors such as nonlinearities and damping effects. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can provide a more accurate model of the inerter without the need for costly experimental setups. This paper presents a CFD analysis aimed at evaluating the actual performance of a fluid inerter-based control device for vibration mitigation of single degree of freedom (SDOF) structure. The accurate modeling of the inerter obtained through CFD is used to evaluate the performance of the inerter-based control device. The results reveal an important difference between vibration mitigation performance when comparing the ideal theoretical model and the CFD model. © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved
İnce Cidarlı Çelik Tübüler Direklerin Dinamik Performansı Üzerine Pasif Sarkaç Ayarlı Kütle Sönümleyicilerin Etkilerinin Deneysel İncelenmesi
No full text20th Internatıonal Conference On Machıne Desıgn And Productıon August 14-17, 2024, Ankara, Türkiye / 20. Uluslararası Makine Tasarım ve İmalat Kongresi (UMTIK 2024)Thin-walled steel tubular (TWST) poles may undergo significant cyclic displacements due to vibrations caused by seismic activities and especially meteorological events. To enhance the service life of TWST poles and improve the performance of mounted equipment, these poles need protection from excessive vibrations. This study presents a comprehensive experimental study to investigate the performance of passive pendulum-tuned mass dampers (P-TMD) mounted on TWST poles. Free vibration tests were conducted on TWST poles with and without P-TMD, using three different initial end displacement amplitudes. Additionally, ambient vibration tests were performed. The dynamic performances were evaluated using operational modal analysis (OMA) techniques based on displacement and acceleration responses. The results obtained from the experiments demonstrate that P-TMD effectively reduces vibrations and enhances the dynamic performance of TWST poles under various excitations.İnce cidarlı çelik tübüler (İCÇT) direkler, sismik aktiviteler ve özellikle meteorolojik olaylar nedeniyle oluşan titreşimler sonucu büyük genliklerde döngüsel yer değiştirmeler yaşayabilir. İCÇT direklerinin hizmet ömrünü ve üzerine monte edilen ekipmanların performansını artırmak için, bu direkler aşırı titreşimlerden korunmalıdır. Bu çalışma, İCÇT direği üzerine monte edilen pasif sarkaç ayarlı kütle sönümleyicilerin (P-SAKS) performansını araştırmak için kapsamlı bir deneysel çalışma sunmaktadır. P-SAKS’lı ve P-SAKS'sız İCÇT direkleri için yapılan serbest titreşim testleri, üç farklı başlangıç uç deplasman genliği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca ortam titreşim testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dinamik performanslar, yer değiştirme ve ivme tepkileri üzerinden işlemsel modal analiz (İMA) yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Deneylerden elde edilen sonuçlar, P-SAKS'ın titreşimleri etkin bir şekilde azalttığını ve İCÇT direklerinin çeşitli uyarımlar altında dinamik performansını iyileştirdiğini göstermektedir
Nonlinear Modelling and Robust Backstepping Control of a Quadcopter in Aggressive Maneuvering
No full textQuadcopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are vehicles with 4 propellers, capable of taking off and landing vertically (VTOL) and hovering in the air. In recent years, developments in hardware, software, battery, sensor and camera technologies have facilitated the production processes of quadcopters and led to diversified usage areas. Quadcopters are used in many different areas such as fighting natural disasters, combating terrorism, border patrol, surveillance, search and rescue and cargo transportation. Quadcopters need to be fast and able to make aggressive maneuvers, when performing these tasks. In this study, nonlinear modelling of the quadcopter was carried out and a robust backstepping controller was designed, which allows the quadcopter to make harsh maneuvers. The quadcopter has been tested under triangular, sinusoidal and sawtooth maneuvers. A 10% parameter uncertainty was also implemented to the mass (m) m ) and inertial moments (Ix, Ix , Iy and Iz ) of the quadcopter during aggressive maneuver tracking. The backstepping controller proposed in the study was compared with classical PID and Lyapunov-based control methods. A comprehensive robustness examination was realized by obtaining time response of all controllers, while performing harsh maneuvers. Thus, the superiority of backstepping control under aggressive maneuvers has been shown