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Optimal Maintenance Policy for a Markov Deteriorating System Under Reliability Limit
No full textIn this study, failure data of computer numerical control machine used in defense industry was analyzed to develop maintenance algorithm with a Markov feature. An imperfect preventive maintenance model that minimizes long-term operational cost is created for the machine wearing down randomly over time. The reliability-centric preventive maintenance policy was developed where the system status was monitored instantaneously. The use and age-related deterioration process of system is defined as the failure rate increase factor and age reduction factor, and these variables are combined to create hybrid failure model. As result of the imperfect maintenance algorithm developed for the multi-component machine, minimum long-term total unit cost, optimum system reliability value, number of maintenance and times between sequential maintenance cycles are obtained as outputs. Furthermore, system sub-equipment was specified that needs to be maintained in each cycle. Moreover, imperfect maintenance activities are planned when the reliability level of subsystems drops to the predetermined R value
Search for Electroweak Production of Supersymmetric Particles in Final States With Two Τ-Leptons in √s=13 Tev Pp Collisions With the Atlas Detector
No full textThree searches for the direct production of tau-sleptons or charginos and neutralinos in final states with at least two hadronically decaying tau-leptons are presented. For chargino and neutralino production, decays via intermediate tau-sleptons or W and h bosons are considered. The analysis uses a dataset of pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb(-1), recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV. No significant deviation from the expected Standard Model background is observed and supersymmetric particle mass limits at 95% confidence level are obtained in simplified models. For direct production of (X) over tilde +/-(1) (X) over tilde -1, chargino masses are excluded up to 970 GeV, while (X) over tilde +/-(1) 1 and (X) over tilde (0)2 masses up to 1160 GeV (330 GeV) are excluded for (X) over tildeC(+/-) (1) (X) over tilde (0)(2) /(X) over tilde (+)(1) (X) over tilde -1 production with subsequent decays via t -sleptons ( W and h bosons). Masses of tau-sleptons up to 500 GeV are excluded for mass degenerate (tau) over tildeL, R scenarios and up to 425 GeV for (tau) over tilde (L) -only scenarios. Sensitivity to (tau) over tilde (R) -only scenarios from the ATLAS experiment is presented here for the first time, with (tau) over tilde (R) masses excluded up to 350 GeV.ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, Canada; ANID, Chile; CAS, China; MOST, China; NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, France; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, Germany; HGF, Germany; MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC, China; Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, Switzerland; Canton of Bern, Switzerland; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taipei; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF, Canada; CANARIE, Canada; CRC, Canada; DRAC, Canada; CERN-CZ, Czech Republic; PRIMUS, Czech Republic [21/SCI/017]; UNCE, Czech Republic [SCI/013]; COST, European Union; ERC, European Union; ERDF, European Union; Horizon 2020, European Union; ICSC-NextGenerationEU, European Union; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, France; Investissements d'Avenir Idex, France; ANR, France; DFG, Germany; AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos programme - EU-ESF; Thales programme - EU-ESF; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF; Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF, Israel; MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN, Poland; NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, Spain; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; GenT Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; Royal Society, United Kingdom; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; Chile: Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo [FONDECYT 1190886, FONDECYT 1210400, FONDECYT 1230812, FONDECYT 1230987]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC-12175119, NSFC 12275265, NSFC-12075060]; PRIMUS Research Programme [PRIMUS/21/SCI/017]; European Union: European Research Council [ERC-948254]; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme [MUCCA-CHIST-ERA-19-XAI-00]; European Union; Future Artificial Intelligence Research (FAIR-NextGenerationEU) [PE00000013]; Italian Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing (ICSC, NextGenerationEU); Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (EU H2020 MSC IF) [101033496]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022]; Investissements d'Avenir Idex [ANR-11-LABX-0012]; Investissements d'Avenir Labex [ANR-11-LABX-0012]; Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung (BW Stiftung-Postdoc Eliteprogramme); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG -469666862, DFG -CR 312/5-1]; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [754496]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI) [22KK0227, JSPS KAKENHI JP21H05085, JSPS KAKENHI JP22H01227, JSPS KAKENHI JP22H04944]; Netherlands: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Norway: Research Council of Norway [RCN-314472]; Poland: Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange [PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001]; Polish National Science Centre [NCN 2021/42/E/ST2/00350, 2022/47/B/ST2/03059, NCN UMO-2019/34/E/ST2/00393, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187]; Slovenia: Slovenian Research Agency [J1-3010]; Spain: BBVA Foundation [LEO22-1-603]; Generalitat Valenciana (Artemisa, FEDER) [IDIFEDER/2018/048]; La Caixa Banking Foundation [LCF/BQ/PI20/11760025]; Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) [NextGenEU-PCI2022-135018-2, FEDER-PID2021-125273NB, RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2020-030254-I, RYC2021-031273-I, RYC2022-038164-I]; Generalitat Valenciana [CIDEGENT/2019/023, CIDEGENT/2019/027]; Sweden: Swedish Research Council [VR 2018-00482, VR 2022-03845, VR 2022-04683, 2021-03651]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW 2017.0100, KAW 2018.0157, KAW 2018.0458, KAW 2019.0447]; Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation [SNSF -PCEFP2_194658]; United Kingdom: Leverhulme Trust [RPG-2020-004]; United States of America: Neubauer Family FoundationWe thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC and its injectors, as well as the support staff at CERN and at our institutions worldwide without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF/SFU (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), RAL (U.K.) and BNL (U.S.A.), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in ref. [96]. We gratefully acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taipei; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. Individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and DRAC, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, ICSC-NextGenerationEU and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. In addition, individual members wish to acknowledge support from Chile: Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (FONDECYT 1190886, FONDECYT 1210400, FONDECYT 1230987); China: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC - 12175119, NSFC 12275265); European Union: European Research Council (ERC -948254), Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (MUCCA -CHIST-ERA-19-XAI-00), Italian Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing (ICSC, NextGenerationEU), Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (EU H2020 MSC IF GRANT NO 101033496); France: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022), Investissements d'Avenir Idex (ANR-11-LABX-0012), Investissements d'Avenir Labex (ANR-11-LABX-0012); Germany: Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung (BW Stiftung-Postdoc Eliteprogramme), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - CR 312/5-1); Italy: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (FELLINI G.A. n. 754496, ICSC, NextGenerationEU); Japan: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI 22H01227, JSPS KAKENHI JP21H05085, JSPS KAKENHI JP22H04944); Netherlands: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO Veni 2020 - VI.Veni.202.179); Norway: Research Council of Norway (RCN-314472); Poland: Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001), Polish National Science Centre (NCN 2021/42/E/ST2/00350, NCN UMO-2019/34/E/ST2/00393, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187); Slovenia: Slovenian Research Agency (ARIS grant J1-3010); Spain: BBVA Foundation (LEO22-1-603), Generalitat Valenciana (Artemisa, FEDER, IDIFEDER/2018/048), La Caixa Banking Foundation (LCF/BQ/PI20/11760025), Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-028510I, RYC2020-030254-I), PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2019/023, CIDEGENT/2019/027); Sweden: Swedish Research Council (VR 2022-03845, VR 2022-04683), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2017.0100, KAW 2018.0157, KAW 2019.0447); Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF - PCEFP2_194658); United Kingdom: Leverhulme Trust (Leverhulme Trust RPG-2020-004); United States of America: Neubauer Family Foundation
Solving Secluded Path Problem by Heuristics and Local Search
No full textTokat Gaziosmanpasa UniversitesiWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a crucial role in various domains, from commercial to military, enabling precise monitoring of environmental and other conditions. However, the transmission of sensitive data in WSNs poses security challenges, particularly concerning eavesdropping attacks. While cryptographic methods offer protection, they often incur high energy costs, making them impractical for battery-powered WSNs. Our problem formulation, based on graph theory, reduces to the Secluded Paths problem for which no polynomial solution yet to known. Motivated by the challenge of reducing the eavesdropping risk through intelligent routing, we propose a scalable optimization approach using heuristics and local search techniques. We present a solution framework, followed by an experimental evaluation to demonstrate its efficacy. This paper contributes to the advancement of secure and efficient data transmission in WSNs. © 2024 ACM
Search for Light Long-Lived Particles in Pp Collisions at Sqrt[s]=13 Tev Using Displaced Vertices in the Atlas Inner Detector
No full textA search for long-lived particles (LLPs) using 140 fb^{-1} of pp collision data with sqrt[s]=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC is presented. The search targets LLPs with masses between 5 and 55 GeV that decay hadronically in the ATLAS inner detector. Benchmark models with LLP pair production from exotic decays of the Higgs boson and models featuring long-lived axionlike particles (ALPs) are considered. No significant excess above the expected background is observed. Upper limits are placed on the branching ratio of the Higgs boson to pairs of LLPs, the cross section for ALPs produced in association with a vector boson, and, for the first time, on the branching ratio of the top quark to an ALP and a u/c quark
Essays on Regulation in Macroeconomics
No full textThis thesis is composed of three papers that explore the macroeconomic implications of regulating externalities. The first two papers aim to contribute to the literature on the interaction between macroeconomic and environmental policies, focusing on alternative policies to control pollution. In the third paper, we extend the discussion on price versus quantity controls to the realm of capital inflow control measures. In the first paper, we explore the interaction of monetary policy and a regulatory policy for controlling pollution within an economy populated with financially constrained producers exhibiting heterogeneity in production technology and pollution rates. Environment related components of the model include pollution externality, an abatement technology and environmental policy in the form of tax on pollutants. Our analysis is organized around two main topics: assessing the effect of monetary policy on social welfare in the presence of environmental concerns and investigating how the existence of pollution-type externality and environmental regulation influences optimal monetary policy. Our findings suggest that in the presence of heterogeneity, due to its distributional impact, monetary policy can play a role in enhancing social welfare and complementing regulatory efforts to mitigate pollution. The primary question of interest in the second paper revolves around how the economy featuring a partial cash-in-advance constraint in the labor market responds to productivity shocks under different regulatory policies and how the extent of nominal rigidity affects this response. We employ a stochastic general equilibrium model featuring nominal rigidity in the form of partial cash-in-advance constraint in the labor market, pollution associated with production activity, and an abatement effort. Environmental policies include a price policy (tax) and a quantity policy in the form of cap-and-trade system. Our key findings are twofold. First, volatility in macro variables is higher under price regulation compared to quantity regulation. Under quantity regulation, the cost of controlling pollution is positively associated with output. This channel reduces the response of labor and all other variables to productivity shocks. Second, we demonstrate that as the degree of nominal rigidity increases, volatility increases under both regulations but relatively more so under price regulation. In the third paper, we explore the impact of a capital inflow shock under different control measures. We employ a small open economy model incorporating learning-by-doing externality in the tradable sector. Under the competitive equilibrium, consumption and external borrowing in the model exceed the socially optimal amount. Under the price regulation, the regulator's role is to set a tax on external borrowing. With quantity regulation, the regulator establishes a cap on aggregate external borrowing and issues borrowing permits, which households demand in the spot market. Under both regulations, there is information asymmetry as the regulator sets the policy before observing the interest rate. Agents, however, make decisions after observing the shock. The third paper aims to contribute in two ways: First, drawing insights from the literature on price versus quantity controls, we compare welfare implications of price (tax) and quantity-type regulation (cap-and-trade) for capital inflows. Second, we point out the concept of a market-based regulatory framework for capital inflows. We demonstrate that there is less volatility under quantity regulation and, in terms of utility, quantity policy outperforms price policy in the short-run. This superiority arises from the shape of the social welfare function and ex-post variation in external debt under price regulation. Furthermore, the ranking of policies is influenced by the initial productivity level. Regarding social welfare, quantity type control performs better than price control when the initial productivity level is low. Moreover, the relative advantage of price over quantity policy declines with an increase in the pace of technology growth.Bu tez, dışsallıkları düzenlemenin makro ekonomik sonuçlarını araştıran üç maka\-leden oluşmaktadır. İlk iki makale, makroekonomik politikalar ile çevre politikaları arasındaki etkileşimi inceleyen yazına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Üçüncü makale, dışşallıkları düzenlemede öne çıkan fiyat ve miktar kontrolleri kıyaslamasını sermaye girişi kontrol önlemleri alanına uygulamaktadır. İlk makale, para politikası ile çevre kirliliği kontrolüne yönelik politikaların (dü\-zenleyici politikalar) etkileşimini, üreticilerin nakit avans kısıtına tabi olduğu ve aynı zamanda üretim teknolojisi ve karbon emisyon oranları açısından farklılık gösterdiği bir genel denge modeli kullanarak karşılaştırmaktadır. Modeldeki çevresel unsurlar, üretime bağlı karbon emisyonu, emsiyonu azaltmayı amaçlayan teknoloji ve çevre vergisinden oluşmaktadır. Bu makaledeki analiz iki ana başlık etrafında düzenlenmiştir: Çevresel kaygıların varlığında para politikasının sosyal refaha nasıl etki ettiğinin araştırılması ve üretime bağlı çevre kirliliği ile çevresel düzenlemenin olduğu bir yapının para politikasına etkisi. Bulgular, ekonomideki aktörlerin, üretim teknolojisi, karbon emisyon oranları boyutlarında farklılık göstermesi durumunda, para politikasının sosyal refahın arttırılmasında ve kirliliğin azaltılmasına yönelik düzenleyici çabaların tamamlanması noktasında rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedir. İkinci makale, işgücü piyasasında kısmi nakit avans kısıtı formunda nominal katı\-lıkların olduğu bir ekonominin, farklı düzenleyici politikalar kapsamında verimlilik şoklarına tepkisini ve nominal katılığın derecesinin bu tepkiyi nasıl etkilediğini araştırmaktadır. Bu amaçla, işgücü piyasasında kısmi nakit avans kısıtı, üretim faaliyetiyle ilişkili çevre kirliliği ve kirliliği azaltmaya yönelik teknolojilerin olduğu stokastik bir genel denge modeli kullanılmaktadır. Çevre politikaları, fiyat politikası (vergi) ve piyasa mekanizması içeren miktar politikasından (cap-and-trade sytem) oluşmaktadır. Bulgular, fiyat düzenlemesi altında, makro değişkenlerdeki oynaklığın, miktar düzenlemesine kıyasla daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Miktar düzenlemesi kapsamında, çevre kirliliğini kontrol etmenin maliyeti üretim seviyesi ile pozitif olarak ilişkilidir. Bu kanal işgücünün ve diğer tüm değişkenlerin verimlilik şoklarına tepkisini azaltmaktadır. Ayrıca analizlerde nominal katılık derecesi arttıkça oynaklığın her iki düzenleme altında da arttığı, ancak fiyat düzenlemesinde artışın nispeten daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir. Üçüncü makalede, sermaye girişi şokunun ekonomi dinamiklerine ve sosyal refaha etkisi farklı kontrol önlemleri altında araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla, ticarete konu olan sektörde yaparak öğrenme dışsallığı olan küçük açık ekonomi modeli kullanılmaktadır. Rekabetçi denge altında, modeldeki tüketim ve dış borçlanma sosyal olarak optimal miktarı aşmaktadır. Fiyat düzenlemesi kapsamında, düzenleyicinin rolü dış borçlanmaya vergi koymaktır. Miktar düzenlemesi altında ise düzenleyici, toplam dış borçlanmanın üst sınırı belirlenmekte ve bu miktarda borçlanma iznini, hanehalkının talep eden konumda olduğu spot piyasada arz etmektedir. Her iki düzenlemede de, düzenleyicinin politikayı sermaye şoku öncesinde belirlemesi nedeniyle bilgi asimetrisi söz konusudur. Ekonomideki diğer aktörler şoku gözlemledikten sonra karar almaktadır. Üçüncü makale iki şekilde katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır: İlk olarak, fiyat ve miktar kontrollerini kıyaslayan yazından esinlenerek, sermaye girişleri için fiyat (vergi) ve piyasa mekanizmasını temel alan miktar tipi düzenlemenin refah etkilerini karşılaştırmaktadır. İkinci olarak, sermaye girişleri için piyasa mekanizmasına dayalı kontrol kavramını gündeme getirmektedir. Üçüncü makalenin sonuçları, miktar düzenlemesi altında oynaklığın daha az oldu\-ğuna ve fayda açısından miktar politikasının kısa vadede fiyat politikasından daha iyi performans gösterdiğine işaret etmektedir. Bu üstünlük, sosyal refah fonksiyonunun şeklinden ve fiyat regülasyonu altında dış borcun değişkenlik göstermesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca, politikaların sıralaması, başlangıçtaki teknoloji düzeyinden etkilenmektedir: miktar kontrolü, başlangıçtaki teknoloji düzeyi düşük olduğunda fiyat kontrolüne kıyasla sosyal refah açısından daha iyi sonuç vermektedir. Ayrıca, fiyat politikasının miktar politikasına göre avantajı, teknoloji büyüme hızının artmasıyla birlikte azalmaktadır
Esg Skorlarının Finanslama Maliyetleri ile Olan İlişkisi: Borsa İstanbul Üzerine Bir Uygulama
No full textIn this research, the correlation between firms' Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores and their equity, debt, and weighted average cost of capital was analyzed. The firms included in the study were selected from those listed on the Turkish stock exchange, which have reported ESG scores. Using data from 44 companies ranging from 2015 to 2022 and formatted in a panel data structure, regression analyses were performed using the Stata software. In the three constructed models, the dependent variables were the cost of equity, the cost of debt, and the weighted average cost of capital, whereas the independent variable was identified as the firms' ESG scores. The model incorporated company size, financial leverage ratio, firm risk (beta), and industry sector as control variables for each firm. The findings from all three models indicated that firms with higher ESG scores (75-100) bear higher costs of equity and debt when compared to those with lower ESG scores (0-25). The outcomes pertaining to the control variables were in alignment with the existing literature.Bu çalışmada işletmelerin ESG skorlarının öz sermeye, borç ve ağırlıklı ortalama sermaye maliyetleriyle olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya konu olan işletmeler Türkiye borsasında işlem gören firmalar içerisinde ESG skoru hesaplanan firmalardan seçilmiştir. Panel formatında olan ve 2015-2022 yılları arasını kapsayan 44 firmanın verileriyle Stata programında regresyon analizi yöntemi kullanılarak tahminler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tahmin için oluştulan 3 modelde bağımlı değişkenler "öz sermaye maliyeti, borç maliyeti ve ağırlıklı ortalama sermaye maliyeti" ; bağımsız değişken firmaların ESG skorları olarak belirlenmiştir. Modelde kontrol değişkenleri olarak her firma için şirket büyüklüğü, finansal kaldıraç oranı, firma riski (beta), işletmenin yer aldığı sektör modele dâhil edilmiştir.3 model için de tahmin sonuçlarına göre yüksek ESG skoruna (75-100) sahip firmaların, düşük (0-25) ESG skoruna sahip firmalara göre daha yüksek sermaye ve borç maliyetlerine sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Kontrol değişkenleri olarak kullanılan değişkenlerde literatür ile uyumlu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir
Search for Quantum Black Hole Production in Lepton Plus Jet Final States Using Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=13 Tev With the Atlas Detector
No full textA search for quantum black holes in electron + jet and muon + jet invariant mass spectra is performed with 140 fb(-1) of data collected by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed invariant mass spectrum of lepton + jet pairs is consistent with Standard Model expectations. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching fractions for quantum black holes decaying into a lepton and a quark in a search region with invariant mass above 2.0 TeV. The resulting quantum black hole lower mass threshold limit is 9.2 TeV in the Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali model, and 6.8 TeV in the Randall-Sundrum model.ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; ANID, Chile; NSERC, Canada; CAS, China; NRC, Canada; MOST, China; CFI, Canada; NSFC, China; CERN; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, France; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, Germany; HGF, Germany; MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC, China; Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; JINR; MES of Russia; NRC KI, Russian Federation; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, Switzerland; Canton of Bern, Switzerland; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF, Canada; CANARIE, Canada; Compute Canada, Canada; CRC, Canada; COST, European Union; ERC, European Union; ERDF, European Union; Horizon 2020, European Union; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, France; Investissements d'Avenir Idex, France; ANR, France; DFG, Germany; AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Thales programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF, Israel; GIF, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN, Poland; NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, Spain; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; GenT Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; Royal Society, United Kingdom; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomWe thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina;YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile;CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF andBenoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN,Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain;SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TENMAK,Turkiye; STFC,United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF,CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; PRIMUS21/SCI/017 and UNCE SCI/013, Czech Republic; COST,ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, ICSC-NextGeneration EU and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSFand MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitatde Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular fromCERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF(Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF(Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC(Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilitiesworldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listedin Ref.[93]
Experimental Investigation Of Mode I/II/III Fracture Behaviors Of Additively Manufactured Polymer
No full textAdditive Manufacturing Conference (AMC) Türkiye 2024 April 25 – 27, 2024Material extrusion (ME) additive manufacturing (AM) technique gained importance in fabricating polymer engineering parts. It is necessary to characterize the fracture behavior of fabricated polymers before using them in applications. Fracture is observed in three modes of loading called mode I, II, and III; and all three should be investigated to provide a comprehensive insight into fracture properties. Studies about the fracture behavior of ME-fabricated polymers usually ignore investigating all three fracture modes. To address this gap, this study aims to investigate the fracture behavior in three modes (modes I, II, III) for the polylactic acid (PLA) polymer, fabricated by ME. For mode I and II, single-edge notch bending (SENB) specimens were fabricated and tested in a four-point bending test. Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) were used to extract the Mode I/II fracture properties. For mode III, a new device was designed and manufactured to facilitate imposing Mode III loading with the help of a universal tensile testing machine. Relevant equations were utilized to compute the Mode III fracture toughness. Moreover, the corresponding fracture energies were calculated through the formulations of LEFM. Dog-bone specimens were also fabricated to extract Young’s modulus through tensile test and digital image correlation.This research was funded by a grant of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK), project number 122M823
Semiotic Analysis of Mosque Typology: Case of the Grand National Assembly (tbmm) Mosque
No full textMosques are religious structures that hold significant importance in the daily lives of Muslim societies, shaping the social way of life by influencing it. There have been modifications to the structures in terms of technology, social life, and culture since the acceptance of Islam. The typology of mosques we are accustomed to today is based on conventional forms that have been kneaded through various cultural and religious stages, formed by our traditions and social lives. Although limited in number, there are also modern adaptations. The study's objective is to use semiotic analysis to read the modern mosque typologies in the context of structure, interior space, and equipment and to discover the semantic relationships in the mosque. The TBMM Mosque was selected as a case of the research in terms of its interior elements. The architectural shell and the worship space have been analyzed as a whole in terms of both Islamic philosophy and the reflection of this philosophy on mosques. Document analysis and participant observation were used as data collection in the case study on the TBMM Mosque, and semiotic analysis was used to assess the data. In this context, traditional mosque structures were examined, and the role of semiotics in architecture was explored. In light of the information given and the observations made, the case was analyzed using the semiotics method. The intended outcome is to draw attention to the functional and semantic contributions of the modern adaptation examined and to demonstrate that the architecture can be read. This study tries to understand whether the semantic and religious infrastructure that takes place in the traditional mosque typology is included in modern mosque adaptations
A Review of Pediocins and Pediocin-Like Bacteriocins (plbs)
No full textBacteriocins are widely used in the food industry due to their bio-preservative potential and antimicrobial properties. Despite the large number of identified LAB bacteriocins, nisin, and pediocin PA-1 are the only ones that have been thoroughly studies in food system application studies. Genetic engineering of pediocins is an interesting open research area that could lead to the development of pediocins with enhanced properties. The aim of this review is to explain the general molecular structure of pediocin and pediocin-like bacteriocins (PLBs) produced by Pediococcus spp. and compare their structural advantages. Another goal is to identify what changes can be made to the molecular structures of pediocins and PLBs. In doing so, we hope to shed light on the potential applications of pediocins and PLBs in the food industry.TUEBITAK [119O343]Funding The project related to this review is funded by TUBISUP>center dot/SUP>TAK, Project #119O343