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Kültürel Mirasın Bütünleşik Koruması için Bir Alan Yönetim Modeli Önerisi: Ordu Tarihi Kent Merkezi Örneği
No full textTarihi kentler, geçmiş medeniyetlerin izlerini günümüze taşıyan, insanlık tarihine ışık tutan, toplumsal hafızanın vazgeçilmez ve korunmaya değer önemli kültürel miras alanlarıdır. Türkiye'de 1950'li yıllardan sonra sanayileşmenin yaygınlaşmasıyla, kırsaldan kentsel alanlara doğru yaşanan göçlerle birlikte hızlı nüfus artışının getirdiği kentleşme baskıları, hızla büyüyen kentlerin tarihi kent merkezlerinde geri dönülemez değişimlere neden olmuştur. Bu anlamda, kentsel ve mimari koruma süreçleri, kentin kültürel ve tarihi kimliğinin sürdürülebilirliği için kritk öneme sahiptir. Ülkemizde tarihi koruma alanında bugüne kadar bazı önemli adımlar atılmış, ancak alan yönetimi kavramı ve benzer geleneksel tarihi alanlardaki uygulama sorunlarının üstesinden gelmek için yönetim planları henüz gerektiği kadar yaygınlaşmamıştır. Bu sorunların, büyük ölçüde, planlama, kentsel ve mimari korumayı kapsayan ve tüm paydaşları koordine eden yasal bir çerçeveye paralel entegre bir alan yönetim sisteminin eksikliğinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Bu açıdan, alan yönetimi, korumada bu olumsuz süreci önlemek ve tersine çevirmek için vazgeçilmez bir aşama olmalıdır. Bu da, sadece koruma yönetimi ve planlaması ile değil, üst düzey politikalar ve uygulama süreçlerinin eşgüdüm içinde ele alınmasıyla sağlanabilir. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında; Ordu'nun eski kent merkezinin tarihi kentsel kimliğini ve geleneksel dokusunu yansıtan önemli bir alan olan Ordu Tarihi Kentsel Sit Alanı çalışma alanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Birinci bölümde tezin konusu, sorunların tanımı, çalışmanın amacı ve araştırma yöntemi açıklanmıştır. İkinci bölümde, tarihi koruma kavramının tarihsel süreçteki gelişimi, mimari ve kentsel koruma, koruma planlaması ve Türkiye'de yasal mevzuata yansımaları incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, alan yönetimi kavramı ve yönetim planları, küresel koruma kurumları tarafından belirlenen ilgili uluslararası kılavuzlar ve Türkiye'de alan yönetimine ilişkin yasal çerçeve incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, Dünya'dan ve Türkiye'den seçilen, başarılı sonuçlar elde etmiş tarihi kentler ve sistemleri incelenmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde, Ordu tarihi kent merkezi ve çalışma alanı olarak tanımlanan tarihi kentsel sit alanı hakkında genel bilgiler, kentin tarihsel gelişimi, daha önceki planlama faaliyetleri, koruma çalışmaları ile çalışma alanının mevcut fiziksel, sosyoekonomik, yönetsel ve organizasyonel, hukuki ve finansal durumu ayrıntılı olarak analiz edilmektedir. Daha sonra, alanda yapılan sosyal anket çalışmasına dayalı olarak çalışma alanının sosyoekonomik özellikleri analiz edilmiştir. Bölgeden sorumlu iki yerel otoriteyle yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerde sağlanan bilgilere dayanarak idari ve organizasyonel yönlerin yanı sıra mali kaynaklar ve araçlar incelenmektedir. Önceki bölümde yapılan analiz verilerine bağlı olarak, beşinci bölümde Ordu Tarihi Kentsel Sit Alanı'nın yönetim planı ve modelinin geliştirilmesi amacıyla değerlendirmesi, değerlerin, sorunların, fırsatların ve tehditlerin tanımlandığı bir SWOT çalışması aracılığıyla yapılmaktadır. Altıncı bölümde, Ordu Tarihi Kentsel Sit Alanı için, bütünleşik ve sürdürülebilir bir koruma için temalar, hedefler ve eylemler tanımlayan bir miras yönetimi modeli ve planı geliştirilmiş, ardından önce kullanıcı odaklı bir yönetim modeli önerisi ve ardından bir veri tabanı modeli için ek öneriler yapılmaktadır. Yönetim modeli önerisi, özellikle Anadolu'da ve Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde büyüyen orta ölçekli Anadolu kentleri içindeki tarihi kentsel alanlardaki kayıpları önleyecek ve daha başarılı bir koruma sürecine yol gösterecek bir çerçeve oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yedinci ve son bölümde ise tez kapsamında elde edilen önemli bulgular vurgulanarak, öneriler kısaca tartışılmaktadır.Historical cities are important cultural heritage areas carrying the traces of past civilizations to the present day, shedding light on human history, are indispensable for social memory, and are worth protecting. Since the spread of industrialization after 1950s in Turkey, urbanization pressures due to rapid population increase with ongoing migrations from rural to urban, had been causing corruptive transformations in the historic city centers of the rapidly growing cities. In this sense, urban and architectural conservation processes are critically important for the sustainability of the city's cultural and historical identity. Some important steps have been taken so far in the field of conservation in Turkey, but the concept of heritage management is in progress and management plans have not yet been put into action as common as they should be, to overcome the implementation problems in the historic urban areas. It is thought that these problems arise primarily due to the lack of an integrated heritage management system parallel to a legal framework covering conservation plan, urban and architectural conservation and coordinating all stakeholders in this regard. This can be achieved not only by conservation management plans, but also by setting high-level policies and coordination of implementation processes. Ordu Historic Urban Site, which is an important area reflecting the historic urban identity of the city, is selected as the study area of the thesis. In the first chapter, the subject, the problem definitions, the objectives, and the methods of the study are explained. In the second chapter, history and theory of conservation, conservation planning and related legislation in Turkey are examined. In the third chapter, the heritage management and management plan concepts are examined, including related international guides set by global conservation institutions and the legal framework on heritage management in Turkey. Besides, selected successful historical cities from around the World and from Turkey and their heritage management systems are examined. In the fourth chapter, Ordu Historic Urban Site is analyzed phsically, socioeconomically, administravely and organizationally, legally, and financially in terms of conservation and management. In this section, general information about Ordu historic city center and the historic urban site defined as the study area are searched in terms of the historical development of the city. The previous planning activities and conservation studies, as well as the current physical characteristics are examined depending on the detailed site analysis. Then, socioeconomical features of the study area is analyzed and put forward, based on the social survey study. Administrative and organizational aspects together with financial resources and tools are examined depending on the information provided with the semi-structured interviews with the two local authorities responsible in the area. In the fifth chapter, depending on the analysis, the evaluation of Ordu Historic Urban Site to develop a heritage management plan and model is done through a SWOT study, defining values, problems, opportunities, and threats. In the sixth chapter, a heritage management model and plan are proposed for Ordu Historic Urban Site is developed defining the themes, goals and actions for an integrated and sustainable conservation, followed by additional suggestions for a user-oriented management model proposal and a database model proposal. The management model proposal aims to create a framework, guiding a more succesful conservation process preventing the losses in the historic urban sites within the growing medium-sized Anatolian cities, especially in the same Black Sea region. In the seventh and last chapter, major findings are put forward and proposals are discussed briefly as the conclusion
Structural Health Monitoring in Aviation: a Comprehensive Review and Future Directions for Machine Learning
No full textAircraft structures are exposed to a variety of operational and environmental loads that can cause structural deformation and fractures. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has emerged as a promising solution for in-situ monitoring of structural components. This article presents a state-of-the-art review of SHM in aviation, current regulations, data acquisition sensors and equipment, and damage detection and identification methods. The article discusses in detail the regulations SHM specific to both civil and military aviation. A comprehensive review of conventional electrical resistance sensors, fiber optic, piezoelectric sensors and smart materials used for SHM monitoring in aircraft structures is then presented. The pros and cons of each data acquisition approach were discussed individually. The damage detection and identification section begins by describing the traditional knowledge-based methods that are combined with expert knowledge and theory, then focuses on the applicability in aircraft SHM systems of spectral or frequency domain models. The last part investigates the new paradigm, machine learning and deep learning methods such as CNN and LSTM on different types of aircraft structures through the existing literature. Furthermore, it covers an emerging approach called physics-informed neural networks (PINN), which combines physics and machine learning, and explore its potential for SHM applications.TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) [123M891]This study is funded by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) through project grant no. [123M891]
Effects of Print Orientation on Mode-I Fracture Toughness of Additively Manufactured Pla: Simulation by Xfem
No full text3rd International Workshop on Plasticity, Damage and Fracture of Engineering Materials, IWPDF 2023 -- 4 October 2023 through 6 October 2023 -- Istanbul -- 201301Repkon Machine and Tool Industry and Trade Inc.In engineering applications, considering the growing utilization of Polylactic acid (PLA) material manufactured through material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing techniques, it becomes imperative to predict its fracture behavior to assess damage thoroughly under various loading scenarios. As an initial step, this study focuses on determining the Mode-I fracture toughness of the PLA material manufactured by MEX in three different print orientations through a three-point (3P) bending fracture test. The raster angle utilized to fabricate the single-edge notch bending (SENB) specimens was chosen as ±45°. Three different print orientations were used to investigate the effects of printing direction (i.e., horizontal, lateral, and vertical) on the fracture properties. The fracture properties were extracted per the standard ASTM D5045-14 on the specimens fabricated in three different print orientations. The values of Mode-I fracture toughness of PLA were respectively obtained as 4.22, 4.18, and 3.56 MPa/m with horizontal, lateral, and vertical print orientation. Then, corresponding fracture energy values were calculated for numerical investigations. A commercial finite element package was utilized to employ the extracted values into the extended finite element method (XFEM) and investigate the crack propagation in the specimens. It was found that the numerical analyses well simulated the crack propagation and peak load (damage initiation point) experienced in the SENB specimens tested under 3P bending loading. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK, (122M823
Study of High-Transverse Higgs Boson Production in Association With a Vector Boson in the Qqbb Final State With the Atlas Detector
No full textThis Letter presents the first study of Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson (V ¼ W or Z) in the fully hadronic qqbb final state using data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1. The vector bosons and Higgs bosons are each reconstructed as large-radius jets and tagged using jet substructure techniques. Dedicated tagging algorithms exploiting b-tagging properties are used to identify jets consistent with Higgs bosons decaying into bb̄. Dominant backgrounds from multijet production are determined directly from the data, and a likelihood fit to the jet mass distribution of Higgs boson candidates is used to extract the number of signal events. The VH production cross section is measured inclusively and differentially in several ranges of Higgs boson transverse momentum: 250–450, 450–650, and greater than 650 GeV. The inclusive signal yield relative to the standard model expectation is observed to be μ = 1.4+1.0−0.9 and the corresponding cross section is 3.1 ± 1.3(stat)+1.8−1.4(syst) pb. © 2024 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration
Foreign Fighters of ISIS and Their Security Threat The Experience of Türkiye (2014—2016)
No full textForeign fighters have been on battlefields as devoted fighting volunteers since the emergence of nation states, but their nature has changed with ISIS. The chapter suggests that foreign fighters, defined as illegal by the United Nations with the designation of “foreign terrorist fighters”, spread violence to other geographies when they return from conflict zones. In this respect, the chapter discusses conceptual approaches for foreign fighters and examines the hypothesis by analyzing a dataset encompassing ISIS-linked terrorist attacks in Turkey between 2014 and 2016. The findings related to the Turkish case are accepted as the first indicator that ISIS’s foreign fighters cause violence to start spreading
Deep Generative Models for Fast Photon Shower Simulation in Atlas
No full textThe need for large-scale production of highly accurate simulated event samples for the extensive physics programme of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider motivates the development of new simulation techniques. Building on the recent success of deep learning algorithms, variational autoencoders and generative adversarial networks are investigated for modelling the response of the central region of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter to photons of various energies. The properties of synthesised showers are compared with showers from a full detector simulation using geant4. Both variational autoencoders and generative adversarial networks are capable of quickly simulating electromagnetic showers with correct total energies and stochasticity, though the modelling of some shower shape distributions requires more refinement. This feasibility study demonstrates the potential of using such algorithms for ATLAS fast calorimeter simulation in the future and shows a possible way to complement current simulation techniques. © The Author(s) 2024.Australian Research Council, ARC; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, CNRST; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT; Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN; National Science Foundation, NSF; Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCIN; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, MOST; Israel Science Foundation, ISF; Leverhulme Trust; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, SBFI; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS, ARRS; Engineering Research Centers, ERC; Generalitat de Catalunya; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, BMWFW; Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA; Alabama Space Grant Consortium, ASGC; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Canada Foundation for Innovation, CFI; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, DNRF; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT; Canarie; Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, ANR; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser; California Department of Fish and Game, DFG; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR; U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE; European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST; National Research Council, NRC; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; Institutul de Fizică Atomică, IFA; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC; Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science; Irish Rugby Football Union, IRFU; Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Defence Science Institute, DSI; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF; Compute Canada; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT; Royal Society; Minerva Foundation; National Research Foundation, NRF; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; CERN; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; Brookhaven National Laboratory, BNL; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, AvH; Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation, MSSRF; Horizon 2020; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, BCKDF; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC; CC-IN2P3; 2014-2021; SCI/013; IN2P3-CNRS; CRC Health Group, CRC: 21/SCI/017; CRC Health Group, CR
Euler Numbers and Diametral Paths in Fibonacci Cubes, Lucas Cubes and Alternate Lucas Cubes
No full textThe diameter of a graph is the maximum distance between pairs of vertices in the graph. A pair of vertices whose distance is equal to its diameter is called diametrically opposite vertices. The collection of shortest paths between diametrically opposite vertices is referred as diametral paths. In this work, we enumerate the number of diametral paths for Fibonacci cubes, Lucas cubes and alternate Lucas cubes. We present bijective proofs that show that these numbers are related to alternating permutations and are enumerated by Euler numbers.The work of the second author is supported by SUK-2021-19737 of the Hacettepe University. This work is partially supported by TUBITAK under Grant No.120F125.Hacettepe University [SUK-2021-19737]; TUBITAK [120F125
The Push-Through Total Femoral Prosthesis for Revision of a Total Hip or Knee Replacement With Extreme Bone Loss
No full textPurpose: The aim of the present study was to assess outcomes of using the push-through total femoral prothesis (PTTF) for revision total hip replacement with extreme bone loss.Methods: 10 consecutive patients who received PTTF between 2012 and 2018 for revision hip arthroplasty were included in the study. Primary functional outcomes were assessed using Harris Hip Score (HHS), Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores. Range of motion, complications, and ambulatory status were also recorded to assess secondary outcomes.Results: 2 of 10 patients underwent surgery with PTTF for both knee and hip arthroplasty revision. The mean time between index surgery and PTTF was 15 years (3-32 yrs). Acetabular components were revised in 6 of 10 patients during PTTF application. After a mean follow-up of 5.9 years, hip dislocations occurred in 3 patients. All of the dislocated hips were ones with retained conventional non-constrained acetabular bearings. Patient satisfaction was high (MSTS: 67%, HHS: 61.2%, TESS 64.6%) despite high re-operation rate (40%) and minor postoperative problems.Conclusions: PTTF should be considered for hip and knee arthroplasty revision procedures in patients with an extreme bone defect. Consistent usage of constrained liners should be considered to avoid hip dislocation, which was our main problem following the procedure
Category Sort With Todim Method an Application for Retail Sector E-Commerce Site
No full text2nd International Conference on Science, Engineering Management and Information Technology, SEMIT 2023 -- 14 September 2023 through 15 September 2023 -- Ankara -- 318919In recent years, various classical multi-criteria decision-making methods have been developed and frequently used to solve real-life problems. One such method is Topsis-Based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (TODIM), which is used to solve ranking problems. In today's world, e-commerce has become essential for businesses due to the increasing volume of online sales, changing world balances, and the pandemic. Consequently, taking part in the digital world has become indispensable for companies. The easiest way to establish a digital presence is through successful e-commerce sites. The success of an e-commerce site depends on the proper ranking of product categories to enable users to navigate easily and improve their shopping experience. Therefore, strategically aligning product categories is critical for improving user experience and increasing sales performance. In this study, conducted using real data of the company in the retail sector in Turkey, we use the TODIM method to rank product categories on e-commerce sites to increase customer satisfaction and sales. Thanks to the applied method, categories are made more visible and contribute to the organization of the site's home page. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024