TOBB ETU GCRIS Database
Not a member yet
9778 research outputs found
Sort by
DFB Fiber Laser Based Underwater Acoustic Sensing
No full textDistributed feedback (DFB) fiber lasers are increasingly employed in underwater acoustic sensing for both civil and military applications due to their compact size, ease of fabrication, and inherent resistance to water-induced degradation. These fiber lasers are fabricated by inscribing p-phase shifted fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) forming a resonant cavity with FBGs serving as highly reflective mirrors on either side. The p-phase shift introduces a central resonance, making the cavity exceptionally sensitive to external influences. These external perturbations alter the effective refractive index and length of the fiber, consequently modulating the laser's emission wavelength and frequency. In this study, we implement an interrogator system based on a Michelson interferometer, utilizing the phase-generated carrier (PGC) technique to convert frequency deviations within the fiber laser, induced by underwater acoustic signals, into phase variations. A detailed characterization of both the DFB fiber laser and the interrogator system is provided, supported by experimental measurements. Key limiting factors such as laser frequency noise and system sensitivity are analyzed, with comparisons to existing literature. The designed system achieved a high dynamic range over 100 dB up to 5 kHz detection frequency, while minimizing system phase noise down below 5x10(-5) rad/vHz and frequency noise down under 25 Hz/v Hz at 1 kHz.ABMikronano at Bilkent UniversityWe gratefully acknowledge the infrastructure and support provided by ABMikronano at Bilkent University, without which this work would not have been possible
Operator Splitting With Compact Differences and Second-Order Two-Stage Rosenbrock Method for the Gardner Equation
No full textWe developed an accurate and reliable numerical method for a nonlinear partial differential equation called as Gardner equation which describes many important wave phenomena. The proposed numerical method employs a high-order compact difference scheme for space discretization which gives rise to a large system of ordinary differential equations for the Gardner equation. The obtained system of ordinary differential is usually stiff so to acquire reasonable results, time step size of time integrator should be very small. To loosen the restriction on the time step size, a splitting technique is used to split the equation into stiff and non-stiff parts. Then a second-order Rosenbrock method is employed for stiff part and a third-order strong stability-preserving Runge-Kutta method is used for non-stiff parts. To judge performance of the proposed method, a sequence of numerical simulations is performed, and obtained results are compared with exact solution and with existing numerical methods in the literature such as finite element and collocation methods. The numerical simulations and comparisons show accuracy and reliability of the proposed method.Dicle UniversityWe are grateful to anonymous reviewers for their valuable time and suggestions for improving our manuscript
Enhancing Drone Network Resilience: Investigating Strategies Fori> K/I>-connectivity Restoration
No full textDrones have recently become more popular due to technological improvements that have made them useful in many other industries, including agriculture, emergency services, and military operations. Coordination of communication amongst drones is often required for the efficient performance of missions. With an emphasis on building robust k-connected networks and restoration procedures, this paper investigates the relevance of connection in drone swarms. Specifically, we tackle the k-connectivity restoration problem, which aims to create k-connected networks by moving the drones as little as possible. We propose four novel approaches, including an integer programming model, an integer programming-based heuristic approach, a node converging heuristic, and a cluster moving heuristic. Through extensive measurements taken from various drone networking setups, we provide a comparative analysis of the proposed approaches. Our evaluations reveal that the drone movements produced by the integer programming-based heuristics are nearly the same as the original mathematical formulation, whereas the other heuristics are favorable in terms of execution time.Mustafa Asci, Vahid Khalilpour Akram, Orhan Dagdeviren and Bulent Tavli express their gratitude to The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for providing grant no 121E500.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [121E500
Effects of miRNAs in Inborn Error of Metabolism and Treatment Strategies
No full textMetabolism is the name given to all of the chemical reactions in the cell involving thousands of proteins, including enzymes, receptors, and transporters. Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are caused by defects in the production and breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules, 19-25 nucleotides long, hairpin-shaped, produced from DNA. They play key roles in regulating gene expression of target mRNAs at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Altered expression of miRNAs has emerged as an additional molecular mechanism implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, this altered miRNA expression is also present in inherited metabolic diseases. A single miRNA can regulate targets associated with similar cellular processes and pathways, making miRNAs powerful therapeutics to restore the impaired cellular functions seen in disease phenotypes by enhancing the cellular response. Although the miRNA research field has advanced significantly in recent years, studies in IEM are still limited. Further research on miRNA expression specifically related to IEM may allow the identification of new biomarkers for the diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of diseases. In this review, the literature studies between miRNAs and IEMs, diagnosis, prognosis, follow-up, and treatment possibilities of miRNAs were analyzed. We present recent advances on miRNAs in IEM and an overview of current miRNA therapeutics for the clinic. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Machine Learning-Based Efficiency Prediction of Francis Type Hydraulic Turbines Through Comprehensive Performance Testing
No full textIn this study, the rehabilitation works carried out for the KEPEZ HPP, which has been in operation for over 50 years in Antalya, Turkey, is discussed. Within this scope, the existing turbine components are optimized using the CFD method, and a design that provides higher performance at the required flow rate and head is obtained. Analyses are performed using numerical methods to examine the behavior of the new turbine at different flow rates and heads, and a hill chart is created. In the second stage, model tests are carried out at the TOBB ETU HYDRO Water Turbine Design and Test Center in accordance with IEC60193 standards. Different ML methods are examined for their ability to predict turbine performance, following the development of the hydrid CFD-Experimental methodology. According to the authors knowledge, there is no study in the literature that combines experimental, numerical, and ML methods for turbines, and ML methods have not been applied before for Francis-type turbine performance prediction. The outcomes of the study contribute to the advancement of turbine design and optimization processes, offering valuable insights for the successful implementation of rehabilitation projects in the hydropower sector. © IMechE 2025ETU Hydro Laboratory; TOBB University of Economics and Technology Hydro Energy Research Center; Turkish Ministry of Development; TUBITAK, (113G109
Medical Students Awareness and Infodemic Management Capacity: a Descriptive Study From Türkiye
No full textObjective: The aim of the study is to determine the awareness and infodemic management capacity of medical students at three different medical faculties in Türkiye. Method: Conducted as a descriptive study, an online survey via Google Forms® was distributed to students from three medical faculties throughout 2023-2024 academic year. The survey aimed to evaluate students’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceived readiness concerning infodemic management. Results: The participants were predominantly female (58.2%) with a mean age of 21.2 years, and all were single. Notably, 67.9% of the students had not previously heard of infodemic. However, a significant majority recognized the infodemic as a global threat (92.5%), beyond Coronavirus Disease-2019 (99.3%), with negative health impacts (93.3%), including fatalities (70.9%). Despite this, only 55.9% believed that infodemics are preventable. Importantly, 94.8% acknowledged the role of doctors in managing infodemics. Conclusion: The study highlights a gap in the medical curriculum regarding infodemic management training, as transparency and the importance of managing infodemics are not fully appreciated by all students. These findings suggest the necessity of integrating infodemic management training into medical education to better equip future healthcare professionals. This research adds to the limited scientific literature on infodemic management and underscores the need for enhanced proficiency among medical students in this emerging field. © 2025 by the Association of Public Health Specialist
The Brothers Karamazov Go Abroad: a Dataset of Russian Leaders' Foreign Visits
No full textFazlioglu, Burcu/0000-0003-0523-5450; Aras, Bulent/0000-0003-0199-0061This study presents the "Russia Visits Dataset," which records high-level visits by Russian leaders to foreign countries from 1991 to 2023, including official trips by presidents, prime ministers, and foreign ministers. Using probit regression analysis, the study reveals that strategic interests-such as political, economic, and military factors-predominantly shape the distribution of Russian leader visits, while domestic influences are found to have a limited role. The analysis also emphasizes the importance of international organizations, particularly the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), as a key driver of Russian state visits. The results suggest that previous visits by different leaders influence subsequent visits, indicating a coordinated and sequential approach to Russian diplomacy. The "Russia Visits Dataset" serves as a valuable resource for understanding the dynamics of Russian foreign policy and provides a foundation for future research into the motivations, impacts, and diplomatic strategies of Russian leader visits.Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library. The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.Qatar National Librar
Measurement of Off-Shell Higgs Boson Production in the H*→ZZ→4l Decay Channel Using a Neural Simulation-Based Inference Technique in 13 TeV pp Collisions With the ATLAS Detector
No full textBerger, Nicolas/0000-0002-7963-9725; Hulsken, Raphael/0000-0002-0095-1290; Ripellino, Giulia/0000-0002-4053-5144; Nitika, Nitika/0000-0003-0576-3122; Golling, Tobias/0000-0001-8535-6687; Cai, Yizhou/0000-0003-2246-7456; Carmignani, Joseph (Joe)/0000-0002-1705-1061; Gonzalez Suarez, Rebeca/0000-0002-6126-7230; Ghosh, Aishik/0000-0003-0819-1553; Gwilliam, Carl/0000-0002-9401-5304; Rompotis, Nikolaos/0000-0003-2577-1875; Olivares, Sebastian/0000-0003-4616-6973; Ballabene, Eric/0000-0001-9700-2587; Ernani Martins Neto, Daniel/0000-0003-2793-5335; Chan, Jay/0000-0001-7069-0295; Pollard, Christopher/0000-0002-3690-3960; Jones, Eleanor/0000-0001-6289-2292; Boudet, Leo/0000-0002-3613-3142; Konstantinidis, Nikolaos/0000-0002-4140-6360; Poreba, Aleksandra/0000-0003-1250-0865; Thomson, Evelyn/0000-0001-6031-2768; Hank, Michael/0000-0002-4731-6120; Elsing, Markus/0000-0002-1213-0545; Maeda, Junpei/0000-0002-9084-3305; Meloni, Federico/0000-0001-7075-2214; Wang, Shudong/0000-0001-7477-4955; Kretzschmar, Jan/0000-0002-8515-1355; Raine, John/0000-0002-5987-4648; Mitsou, Vasiliki A./0000-0002-1533-8886;A measurement of off-shell Higgs boson production in the H*-> ZZ -> 4l decay channel is presented. The measurement uses 140 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider and supersedes the previous result in this decay channel using the same dataset. The data analysis is performed using a neural simulation-based inference method, which builds per-event likelihood ratios using neural networks. The observed (expected) off-shell Higgs boson production signal strength in the ZZ -> 4l decay channel at 68% CL is 0.87-0.54+0.75 ( 1.00-0.95+1.04). The evidence for off-shell Higgs boson production using the ZZ -> 4l decay channel has an observed (expected) significance of 2.5 sigma (1.3 sigma). The expected result represents a significant improvement relative to that of the previous analysis of the same dataset, which obtained an expected significance of 0.5 sigma. When combined with the most recent ATLAS measurement in the ZZ -> 2l2 nu decay channel, the evidence for off-shell Higgs boson production has an observed (expected) significance of 3.7 sigma (2.4 sigma). The off-shell measurements are combined with the measurement of on-shell Higgs boson production to obtain constraints on the Higgs boson total width. The observed (expected) value of the Higgs boson width at 68% CL is 4.3-1.9+2.7 ( 4.1-3.4+3.5) MeV.We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC and its injectors, as well as the support staff at CERN and at our institutions worldwide without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently
Multidimensional Digital Game and Learning Space for Basic Design Studio: Manifold Garden
No full textBu tez, dijital çağın öğrencileri ile geleneksel eğitim sistemleri arasındaki bariyerleri aşmayı amaçlayarak dijital oyunların mimarlık eğitimine entegrasyonunu ele almaktadır. Dijital çağda doğan öğrenciler, ezbere dayalı öğrenme yaklaşımlarına uyum sağlamakta zorlanmakta ve bu durum, eğitimcileri alternatif yöntemler geliştirmeye yönlendirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, dijital oyun tabanlı öğrenme öne çıkan bir yaklaşım olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır Tez, mekansal bir puzzle oyun olan Manifold Garden'ın mimarlık eğitimi temel tasarım stüdyosunda bir egzersiz olarak kullanımını incelemektedir. 'Yer-leş-ik' olarak adlandırılan Manifold Garden egzersizi, yerçekimi manipülasyonu, sonsuz mekanlar ve tekrarlayan çevreler gibi oyun mekaniklerinden faydalanarak, mekanı çok katmanlı bir deneyim ve etkileşim alanına dönüştürmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Egzersiz, öğrencilerden, duvar, tavan, rampa, merdiven ışık ve gölge gibi mekan kurucu unsurların önemini dikkate alarak gerçek dünya fizik kuralları ile var olamayacak bir mekanın yeniden üretimini beklemektedir. Çalışma, 2021-2022, 2022-2023 ve 2023-2024 akademik yıllarında TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Temel Tasarım Stüdyosu derslerinde gerçekleştirilen Yer-leş-ik egzersizlerinden elde edilen verilere dayanmaktadır. Veriler, ders sırasında aktif bir iletişim aracı olarak kullanılan Microsoft Teams platformundan ve öğrencilerin OneNote sayfalarından toplanmıştır. Bu veriler; öğrenci yorumlarını, süreç boyunca paylaşılan görsel ve yazılı içerikleri ve egzersizlerin sonuçlarını içermektedir. Bir tasarım egzersizi olan çalışma, tasarımlar arasındaki benzerlikler ve farklılıklar, öğrencilerin tasarım seçimleri, karşılaşılan problemler ve bu problemlere karşı geliştirilen çözüm stratejileri, önceki çalışmaların etkileri ve egzersizden elde edilen bilgilerin sonraki çalışmalara yansımalarını incelemektedir. Literatür taraması ve Yer-leş-ik egzersizinden elde edilen sonuçlar, dijital oyunların eğitim bağlamında güçlü bir potansiyel sunduğunu göstermektedir. Manifold Garden, birinci sınıf mimarlık öğrencilerine mekansal deneyimlerini farklı perspektiflerden geliştirebilecekleri yeni bir deneyim ve etkileşim aracı sunmaktadır. Öte yandan, Yer-leş-ik egzersizi öğrencileri, dijital olarak oluşturulmuş ve imkasız fiziksel kurallarla yönetilen bir mekanın gerçek dünya ile entegrasyonundan doğan bir dizi tasarım problemine yaklaşmaya teşvik ederek, farklı stratejiler geliştirmelerini ve bu problemlere farklı açılardan bakmalarını sağlamaktadır. Birçok öğrencinin, geçmiş öğrenimlerinden yararlandığı ve Yer-leş-ik egzersizinden edindikleri çeşitli bilgileri sonraki projelerine aktardığı gözlemlenmiştir.This thesis addresses the integration of digital games into architectural education, aiming to overcome the barriers between students of the digital age and traditional educational systems. Students born into the digital era often struggle to adapt to rote-based learning approaches, prompting educators to develop alternative methods. In this context, digital game-based learning emerges as a prominent approach. This thesis examines the use of Manifold Garden, a spatial puzzle game, as an exercise in the basic design studio of architectural education. The Manifold Garden exercise, named 'Yer-leş-ik' aims to transform space into a multilayered experiential and interactive domain by leveraging game mechanics such as gravity manipulation, infinite spaces, and recursive environments. The exercise requires students to reproduce a space that cannot exist in the real world, taking into account the importance of spatial elements such as walls, ceilings, stairs, ramps, light, and shadow. The study is based on data obtained from the Yer-leş-ik exercises, conducted in the Basic Design Studio course at TOBB University of Economics and Technology during the 2021-2022, 2022-2023, and 2023-2024 academic years. The data were collected from the Microsoft Teams platforms and the students' OneNote pages, used as an active communication tool during the courses. These data include student comments, visual and written content shared throughout the process, and the results of exercises. The study examines similarities and differences among the designs, students' design choices, problems encountered, solution strategies developed, the influence of previous works, and the reflection of the knowledge gained from the exercise in subsequent projects. The literature review and the results obtained from Yer-leş-ik exercise demonstrate that digital games offer a strong potential in the educational context. Manifold Garden provides first-year architecture students with a new experiential and interactive space where they can develop their spatial understanding from different perspectives. The Yer-leş-ik exercise, on the other hand, encourages students to approach a series of design problems arising from the integration of a digitally created space, governed by impossible physical rules, with the real world, prompting them to develop different strategies and view these problems from multiple angles. It was observed that many students benefited from their prior learning and transferred various insights gained from the Yer-leş-ik exercise to their subsequent projects
Search for Vector-Like Leptons Coupling to First- and Second-Generation Standard Model Leptons in pp Collisions at √s=13 TeV With the ATLAS Detector
No full textHagan, Alina Isobel/0000-0002-2079-4739; Meng, Lingxin/0000-0002-2901-6589; Fox, Harald/0000-0003-3089-6090; Borissov, Guennadi/0000-0002-4226-9521; Barton, Adam/0000-0001-9696-9497; Wharton, Andrew/0000-0002-9507-1869; Muenstermann, Daniel/0000-0001-6223-2497; Bouhova-Thacker, Evelina/0000-0002-5103-1558; Mcelhinney, Luke/0000-0001-7646-4504; Jones, Roger/0000-0002-6427-3513; Mckee, Shawn/0000-0002-4551-4502; Butterworth, Jonathan/0000-0002-5905-5394; Kartvelishvili, Vakhtang/0000-0002-1957-3787;A search for pair production of vector-like leptons coupling to first- and second-generation Standard Model leptons is presented. The search is based on a dataset of proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb(-1). Events are categorised depending on the flavour and multiplicity of leptons (electrons or muons), as well as on the scores of a deep neural network targeting particular signal topologies according to the decay modes of the vector-like leptons. In each of the signal regions, the scalar sum of the transverse momentum of the leptons and the missing transverse momentum is analysed. The main background processes are estimated using dedicated control regions in a simultaneous fit with the signal regions to data. No significant excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed and limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production cross-sections of vector-like electrons and muons as a function of the vector-like lepton mass, separately for SU(2) doublet and singlet scenarios. The resulting mass lower limits are 1220 GeV (1270 GeV) and 320 GeV (400 GeV) for vector-like electrons (muons) in the doublet and singlet scenarios, respectively.The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF/SFU (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), RAL (U.K.) and BNL (U.S.A.), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in ref. [134]. We gratefully acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ICHEP and Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MSTDI, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARIS and MVZI, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICIU/AEI, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSTC, Taipei; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC/UKRI, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. Individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and DRAC, Canada; CERN-CZ, FORTE and PRIMUS, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, ICSC-NextGenerationEU and Marie Sk lodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. In addition, individual members wish to acknowledge support from Armenia: Yerevan Physics Institute (FAPERJ); CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN DOCT); Chile: Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (FONDECYT 1230812, FONDECYT 1230987, FONDECYT 1240864); China: Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST-2023YFA1605700, MOST-2023YFA1609300), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC -12175119, NSFC 12275265, NSFC-12075060); Czech Republic: Czech Science Foundation (GACR -24-11373S), Ministry of Education Youth and Sports (FORTE CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004632), PRIMUS Research Programme (PRIMUS/21/SCI/017); EU: H2020 European Research Council (ERC -101002463); European Union: European Research Council (ERC -948254, ERC 101089007, ERC, BARD, 101116429), Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (MUCCA -CHIST-ERA-19-XAI-00), European Union, Future Artificial Intelligence Research (FAIR-NextGenerationEU PE00000013), Italian Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing (ICSC, NextGenerationEU); France: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022, ANR-22-EDIR-0002); Germany: Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung (BW Stiftung-Postdoc Eliteprogramme), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG -469666862, DFG -CR 312/5-2); Italy: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (ICSC, NextGenerationEU), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (NextGenEU PRIN20223N7F8K M4C2.1.1); Japan: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI JP22H01227, JSPS KAKENHI JP22H04944, JSPS KAKENHI JP22KK0227, JSPS KAKENHI JP23KK0245); Netherlands: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO Veni 2020 -VI.Veni.202.179); Norway: Research Council of Norway (RCN-314472); Poland: Ministry of Science and Higher Education (IDUB AGH, POB8, D4 no 9722), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001), Polish National Science Centre (NCN 2021/42/E/ST2/00350, NCN OPUS 2023/51/B/ST2/02507, NCN OPUS nr 2022/47/B/ST2/03059, NCN UMO-2019/34/E/ST2/00393, NCN ; H2020 MSCA 945339, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187, UMO-2022/47/O/ST2/00148, UMO-2023/49/B/ST2/04085, UMO-2023/51/B/ST2/00920); Slovenia: Slovenian Research Agency (ARIS grant J1-3010); Spain: Generalitat Valenciana (Artemisa, FEDER, IDIFEDER/2018/048), Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN ; NextGenEU PCI2022-135018-2, MICIN ; FEDER PID2021-125273NB, RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2020-030254-I, RYC2021-031273-I, RYC2022-038164-I); Sweden: Carl Trygger Foundation (Carl Trygger Foundation CTS 22:2312), Swedish Research Council (Swedish Research Council 2023-04654, VR 2018-00482, VR 2021-03651, VR 2022-03845, VR 2022-04683, VR 2023-03403), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2018.0458, KAW 2019.0447, KAW 2022.0358); Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF -PCEFP2_194658); United Kingdom: Leverhulme Trust (Leverhulme Trust RPG-2020-004), Royal Society (NIF-R1231091); United States of America: U.S. Department of Energy (ECA DE-AC02-76SF00515), Neubauer Family Foundation.NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden); KIT/GridKA (Germany); INFN-CNAF (Italy); NL-T1; BNL (U.S.A.); ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW; FWF, Austria; ANAS; CNPq; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC; CFI, Canada; NSFC, China; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; BMBF; MPG, Germany; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ICHEP; Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MSSR, Slovakia; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSTC, Taipei; STFC/UKRI, United Kingdom; DOE; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF; CANARIE; CRC; DRAC, Canada; FORTE; PRIMUS, Czech Republic; ERC [101116429, MUCCA -CHIST-ERA-19-XAI-00]; ERDF; Marie Sk lodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex; ANR, France; DFG; AvH Foundation, Germany - EU-ESF; Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF; NCN; La Caixa Banking Foundation; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya; PROMETEO; Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; Royal Society [NIF-R1231091, ECA DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; Armenia: Yerevan Physics Institute (FAPERJ); CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research; Chile: Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (FONDECYT) [1230812]; FONDECYT [1240864]; China: Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST-2023YFA1605700, MOST-2023YFA1609300]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC -12175119, NSFC 12275265, NSFC-12075060]; Czech Republic: Czech Science Foundation; Ministry of Education Youth and Sports [FORTE CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004632]; PRIMUS Research Programme [PRIMUS/21/SCI/017]; EU [ERC -101002463]; European Union: European Research Council [ERC -948254, 101089007]; European Union [FAIR-NextGenerationEU PE00000013]; France: Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022]; Germany: Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG -469666862, DFG -CR 312/5-2]; Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI) [JP22H01227, JP22H04944, JP22KK0227, JP23KK0245, RCN-314472, 9722]; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange [PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001]; Polish National Science Centre (NCN) [2021/42/E/ST2/00350]; NCN OPUS [2022/47/B/ST2/03059, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187, UMO-2022/47/O/ST2/00148, UMO-2023/49/B/ST2/04085, UMO-2023/51/B/ST2/00920]; Slovenian Research Agency [J1-3010]; Spain: Generalitat Valenciana; FEDER [IDIFEDER/2018/048, NextGenEU PCI2022-135018-2]; MICIN FEDER [PID2021-125273NB, RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2020-030254-I, RYC2021-031273-I]; Carl Trygger Foundation; Swedish Research Council (Swedish Research Council) [2023-04654, VR 2018-00482, VR 2021-03651, VR 2022-03845, VR 2022-04683, VR 2023-03403]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW 2018.0458, KAW 2019.0447, SNSF -PCEFP2_194658]; United Kingdom: Leverhulme Trust (Leverhulme Trust) [RPG-2020-004]; Neubauer Family Foundatio