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Alterations in the Choroidal Thickness and Retinal Vascular Caliber in Keratoconus
No full textPurpose To compare the choroidal thickness (CT) and retinal vascular caliber in the differentiation of patients who have keratoconus (KC) from those of astigmatic and normal patients. Methods This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. A total of 72 patients who had KC, 70 who had astigmatism, and 83 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. All the patients were examined using the Sirius topography system and spectral domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging. Using the digital fundus photographs, the retinal vascular calibers were calculated. The measurements were also analyzed between the KC stages according to the Amsler-Krumeich classification. Results The CT measurements were significantly higher in the KC group, when compared with the other 2 groups, in each location (P 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed with regards to the central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) values (P = 0.959), while significant differences were noted in the central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) among the groups (P = 0.011). Significant increases were noted in the CT as the stage of KC progressed, except at temporal 3000 mu m (P = 0.603). No statistically significant difference was observed with regards to the CRAE among the stages (P = 0.901). However, the CRVE changes increased remarkably as the stages advanced (P 0.001). Conclusion The patients who had KC seemed to have a thicker CT and higher CRVE values than the healthy individuals, and these differences were progressively increased as the stages of KC advanced. Reflecting the vascular effects of inflammation, the high CRVE supported theories based on the inflammatory component of KC
Search for the Charged-Lepton Decay Z→eμ in Pp Collisions at Formula Presented With the Atlas Detector
No full textA search for the charged-lepton-flavor-violating process Formula Presented is presented, using Formula Presented of Formula Presented Formula Presented collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. An excess in the Formula Presented invariant mass spectrum near the Formula Presented boson mass would be a striking signature of new physics. No excess is observed, and an upper limit Formula Presented is placed on the branching fraction at 95% confidence level, which is the most stringent limit to date. © 2023 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration.IN2P3-CNRS; CC-IN2P3; 2014-2021; SCI/013; U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, AvH; Brookhaven National Laboratory, BNL; Canarie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA; Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation, MSSRF; CERN; Compute Canada: 21/SCI/017; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC; National Research Council Canada, NRC; Canada Foundation for Innovation, CFI; Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council, ERC; European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST; Australian Research Council, ARC; National Stroke Foundation, NSF; Neurosurgical Research Foundation, NRF; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF; Minerva Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, DNRF; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Generalitat de Catalunya; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, MOST; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, BMWFW; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science; Israel Science Foundation, ISF; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN; Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS, ARRS; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, CNRST; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, SBFI; Horizon 2020; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, BCKDF; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; Defence Science Institute, DSI; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA; Institutul de Fizică Atomică, IFA; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Royal Society of South Australia, RSSA; Irish Rugby Football Union, IRF
Implementation of Neuro-Inspired Arithmetic and Logic Circuits
No full textArtificial neurons provide a new way of computation for neuro-inspired algorithms, and the abilities may efficiently solve the challenges. We propose implementations of logic gates (and, or, xor, and Majority), full adder, full subtractor, even parity generator, and 2-bit multiplier circuit formed by Josephson junction-based soma (JJ-Soma) and standard Rapid Single Flux Quantum (SFQ) digital library cells. The designed circuits execute ultra-high-speed operations without a clock signal, and they are capable of processing parallel or time-sliced operations. The combination of JJ-Soma cells and SFQ cells creates the potential models for the arithmetic logic unit devices with a small on-chip area, high operating speed, and pipeline structures for microprocessors. In this study, the previously optimized JJ-Soma circuits have low power consumption and high computational speed where the firing rates for two-pulse and three-pulse threshold circuits were designed to be 50 and 15 GHz with about 10(-19) J/spike energy level. The proposed circuits, fabricated with a commercial foundry service, have been implemented and demonstrated experimentally.TUBITAK [121F266, 121E242]This work was supported by TUBITAK under Grant 121F266 and Grant 121E242. This article was recommended by Associate Editor Masamitsu Tanaka.; nbsp
A Scoping Review of the Literature of Research Ethics Committees and Ethics Review Framework in Pakistan: What We Know and What We Still Need To Learn
No full textObjective: To map literature on research ethics committees, institutional review boards and ethics review framework in Pakistan to identify key insights during public health emergencies and normal times. Method: The systematic scoping review was conducted in April 2022, and comprised literature search on PubMed, World Health Organisation Global Index Medicus and Summons databases for articles published between January 2005 and February 2022. Information extracted included authors names, year of publication, title, study methodology, and key insights under the heads of challenges and solutions. Due to data heterogeneity, key themes were identified and analysed. Results: Of the 2,190 studies initially identified, 21(0.95%) were subjected to full-Text review, and, from among them, 9(45%) were analysed in detail. There were 4 key insights identified: research ethics committees and institutional review boards in Pakistan remain unregulated as they are currently not registered or accredited by a competent national-level authority; most members of such committees are not formally trained to implement the mandate; internal and external pressures hinder independent decision-making of such committees; and other issues hindering the functionality and performance of research ethics committees and institutional review boards. Conclusion: Despite existing publications calling for urgent policy and regulatory reforms, there is a dearth of literature and minimal policy actions underlying the fact that ethics review remains a neglected area in Pakistan. © 2023 Pakistan Medical Association. All rights reserved.Approval by RECs/IRBs is still not mandatory for obtaining research funding from local source
Test of Cp Invariance in Higgs Boson Vector-Boson Production Using the H→γγ Channel With the Atlas Detector
No full textA test of CP invariance in Higgs boson production via vector-boson fusion has been performed in the H→γγ channel using 139 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The optimal observable method is used to probe the CP structure of interactions between the Higgs boson and electroweak gauge bosons, as described by an effective field theory. No sign of CP violation is observed in the data. Constraints are set on the parameters describing the strength of the CP-odd component in the coupling between the Higgs boson and the electroweak gauge bosons in two effective field theory bases: d[over ˜] in the HISZ basis and c_{HW[over ˜]} in the Warsaw basis. The results presented are the most stringent constraints on CP violation in the coupling between Higgs and weak bosons. The 95% C.L. constraint on d[over ˜] is derived for the first time and the 95% C.L. constraint on c_{HW[over ˜]} has been improved by a factor of 5 compared to the previous measurement
Improving the Energy Absorption Capacity of Bending-Dominated Additively Manufactured Polylactic Acid (pla) Lattices
No full textArticle; Early AccessThis study aims to investigate the energy absorption performance of three bending-dominated lattice structures including quad-diametral (QD), quad-diametral-line (QDL), and dodecahedron (DO)). Compression test specimens with these three lattice types were manufactured using the material extrusion additive manufacturing technique with PLA material. The specimens were manufactured with different sets of values of the print temperature, layer thickness, and line width to identify their effect on the energy absorption performance. Taguchi's method was utilized for this purpose which revealed that the temperature is the most effective and its optimized value is 225 ; DEG;C. It was also found that the energy absorption performance of the DO lattice is superior to that of QD and QDL lattices. In the following set of experiments, the print temperature was fixed to its optimized value (i.e. 225 ; DEG;C), and another process parameter (i.e. print speed) along with layer thickness and line width were investigated among eight different groups of DO lattices. Numerical investigations were also performed and validated based on the experimental results. Parametric studies were also done for the DO lattice to improve its energy absorption performance by changing the strut diameters and introducing grading to the struts at each lattice cell.This research was funded by a grant from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye, project number 122M823.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye; [122M823
Fight Against Misinformation on Social Media: Detecting Attention-Worthy and Harmful Tweets and Verifiable and Check-Worthy Claims
No full textIn this paper, we present our participation in CLEF 2022 CheckThat! Lab's Task 1 on detecting check-worthy and verifiable claims and attention-worthy and harmful tweets. We participated in all subtasks of Task 1 for Arabic, Bulgarian, Dutch, English, and Turkish datasets. We investigate the impact of fine-tuning various transformer models and how to increase training data size using machine translation. We also use feed-forward networks with the Manifold Mixup regularization for the respective tasks. We are ranked first in detecting factual claims in Arabic and harmful tweets in Dutch. In addition, we are ranked second in detecting check-worthy claims in Arabic and Bulgarian
Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılında Refik Saydam Hıfzıssıhha Enstitüsü’ne Ne oldu?
No full text[No Abstract Available
Adversarial Multiagent Output Containment Graphical Game With Local and Global Objectives for Uavs
No full textArticle; Early AccessMultiple leader and follower graphical games constitute challenging problems for aerospace and robotics applications. One of the challenges is to address the mutual interests among the followers with an optimal control point of view. In particular, the traditional approaches treat the output containment problem by introducing selfish followers where each follower only considers their own utility. In this article, we propose a differential output containment game over directed graphs where the mutual interests among the followers are addressed with an objective functional that also considers the neighboring agents. The obtained output containment error system results in a formulation where outputs of all followers prove to converge to the convex hull spanned by the outputs of leaders in a game optimal manner. The output containment problem is solved using the H-infinity output feedback method, where the new necessary and sufficient conditions are presented. Another challenge is to design distributed Nash equilibrium control strategies for such games, which cannot be achieved with the traditional quadratic cost functional formulation. Therefore, a modified cost functional that provides both Nash and distributed control strategies in the sense that each follower uses the state information of its own and neighbors is presented. Furthermore, an L-2 gain bound of the output containment error system that experiences worst-case disturbances with respect to the H-infinity criterion is investigated. The proposed methods are validated by means of multiagent quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles output containment game simulations.Office of Naval Research [N00014-18-1-2221]; National Science Foundation; Army Research Office [W911NF-20-1-0132]This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-18-1-2221, in part by the National Science Foundation, and in part by the Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-20-1-0132.; nbsp