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Numerical Modeling of the Sound Generated on an Intracranial Aneurysm Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
No full textancak bozulmuş hemodinamik parametreler ve kan akış koşullarındaki anormallikler damar genişlemesinin başlamasında rol oynar. Bu çalışmada, bozulmuş akış koşullarını ve anevrizma duvarında oluşan sesi incelemek için basitleştirilmiş bir intrakraniyal anevrizma modeli kullanılmıştır. Anevrizmaya bağlı olarak oluşan sesi belirlemek için, hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği simülasyonları kullanılmış ve iç damar duvarındaki basınç dalgalanmaları incelenmiştir. Kararsız akış basınçlarını bulmak için büyük girdap benzeşimi modelleri kullanılmıştır. Sayısal akış simülasyonlarının sonuçları, anevrizma yakınındaki bölgelerde oluşan ses seviyelerinin arttığını göstermektedir. Anevrizma üzerindeki ses seviyeleri, normal damar çapına sahip bölgelerdeki ses seviyeleri ile karşılaştırıldığında, anevrizmanın ses oluşumunda 10 dB civarında bir artışa neden olduğu görülmektedir. Akış kaynaklı sesteki bu göreceli artışın, ciddi semptomlarla karşılaşmadan önce intrakraniyal anevrizmaların teşhisi açısından önemli olduğu öngörülmektedir.İntrakraniyal anevrizma, beyindeki bir arterin yırtılmasına ve ciddi sağlık bozukluklarına yol açabilecek bir damar genişlemesidir. Anevrizma oluşumunun kesin nedenleri hala belirsizdirIntracranial aneurysm is the enlargement of an artery in the brain which may lead to rupture and result in serious health disorders. The exact mechanism of aneurysm formation is still unclearhowever, the disturbed hemodynamics take part in the initiation of the vessel enlargement. In this study, a simplified intracranial aneurysm is numerically investigated to elucidate the disturbed flow conditions and the generated sound on the aneurysm wall. In order to determine the generated sound, the pressure fluctuations on the inner wall are obtained using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Large eddy simulation model is employed to find the unsteady flow pressures. The results indicate that the sound levels increase at the proximity of the intracranial aneurysm. The sound levels on the aneurysm are compared to the sound levels on the sites with normal vessel diameter, and it is seen that the aneurysm results in about 10 dB increase in the sound generation. This relative increase in the flow-generated sound is important in terms of the diagnosis of the intracranial aneurysms, which can be used as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of the aneurysm before facing with the serious symptoms
Determination of electrophysiological biomarkers to diagnose depression from alpha band using machine learning methods
No full text1. Ulusal Nörogörüntüleme Kongresi (NGK 2023) 7-9 Eylül 2023 / 1st National Neuroimaging Congress 7–9 September 2023Objective: Depression, a prevalent psychiatric disorder, affects millions worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Currently, depression diagnosis relies on clinical questionnaires interpreted by experts. Neurophysiological imaging techniques, like electroencephalography (EEG), are increasingly used for diagnosing and studying depression. This study aims to identify neurophysiological biomarkers for depression diagnosis using Alpha band spectral features in resting-state EEG signals. Methods: This study included 22 diagnosed depression patients and 25 age-gender matched healthy individuals. During a 5−minute resting EEG session with eyes closed, EEG signals were recorded from 19 electrodes based on the 10−20 system. Simultaneously, Electrooculography (EOG) signals detected eye movements and removed their influence through regression analysis. Using a signal-slicing approach, data augmentation resulted in 132 epochs from patients and 150 epochs from the control group. EEG signals were bandpass filtered in the 0.5−64 Hz range and cleaned from eye movement artifacts using EOG signals and regression analysis. Power Spectral Density (PSD) was calculated using the Welch method, generating 76 features in the 8−13 Hz Alpha band, such as mean, total power, maximum, and relative alpha power. The obtained features were used as input for K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), AdaBoost, and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifiers. Results: AdaBoost showed the highest performance with 95% Area Under the Curve (AUC) and 87.25% accuracy. Using the ReliefF feature selection method, 28 relevant features were selected. When provided as input, AdaBoost achieved the best performance with 96% AUC and 90.41% accuracy. The selected 28 features primarily consisted of mean and total power values from different electrodes, consistent with findings from existing statistical studies. Conclusion: These results suggest that the Alpha band’s spectral mean and total power can serve as neurophysiological biomarkers for depression diagnosis
Comparison of Ocular Surface Changes Following Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis and Photorefractive Keratectomy: Cross-Sectional Study
No full textObjective: To compare the ocular surface changes fol- lowing Femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (Femto-LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Material and Methods: TThis prospective study included 74 eyes of 37 patients: 34 were in the Femto-LASIK group, and 40 were in the PRK group. Schirmer test, tear break-up time, and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) were used to determine ocular surface changes before and 1 month, and 3 months after PRK or Femto-LASIK.Results: There were no significant differences between PRK and LASIK group in mean CIC scores in the first month (p > .05, for each). However, a significant difference ob- served at goblet cell density (GCD) at the third month between PRK and LASIK group (p =0.008). Comparing of the CIC scores between first month and the third month of PRK group showed significant im- provements in the GCD and epithelial cell sheet (p =0.005, p =0.001, respectively). However, no significant changes occurred in the Femto- LASIK group between first month and the third month (p > .05, for each). Conclusion: We observed histopathological changes in the per- ilimbal conjunctiva in the PRK and LASIK groups at the first month after surgery. It was observed that these changes continued in the 3rd postoperative month. Although GCD improved significantly in the PRK group, it was still lower than preoperatively. We can say that these changes play a primary role in the pathogenesis of dry eye and even cause a more severe course of DED in LASIK patients
Harmonik Radar Sistemleri için Benzetim Araçları Geliştirilmesi ve Elektronik Devrelerin Sınıflandırılması
No full textHarmonik radar, doğrusal olmayan karakteristikler barındıran ve genellikle insan yapımı cisimleri tespit etmek için kullanılan, son yıllarda üzerine çok sayıda araştırma yapılmış, elektromanyetik yayılım yapan bir algılayıcıdır. Bu tezde ilk olarak geleneksel radar sistemlerinden farklı bir tespit mekanizmasına sahip olan harmonik radar sistemi kullanılarak yeni bir devre sınıflandırma yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Elektronik devrelerin harmonik frekanslardaki geri yayılım özellikleri harmonik radar benzetimi ile kaydedilmiş ve devrelere ait harmonik güç eğrileri elde edilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem ile test edilen elektronik devrelerin (TEED) özellik alanı oluşturulup analiz edilmiş ve gerçekçi bir benzetim modeliyle doğrulanmıştır. TEED'lerin harmonik tepkisi, birden fazla çıkış düğümünün üst üste bindirilmesiyle elde edilmiştir. Toplanan veriler ile çarpıklık, basıklık ve varyans gibi devrelere özel istatistiksel özellikler hesaplanmış ve K-En Yakın Komşular (kNN) algoritması kullanılarak sınıflandırma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tezin ikinci kısmında, çoklu faz, doğrusal frekans modülasyonlu (LFM) dalga formları ile darbe sıkıştırma ve darbe entegrasyonu gibi çeşitli algoritmalar kullanan bir harmonik radar benzetim aracı geliştirilmiştir. Bu benzetim aracı ile harmonik radar sistemlerinin avantajları ve dezavantajları görünür hale getirilerek, radar tasarımında kullanılan parametrelerin etkileri gözlenmiştir. Tezin son kısmında, harmonik radar uygulamalarında kullanılabilecek radyo frekansı (RF) etiket devreleri için karakterizasyon sistemleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu düzenekler ile elektronik devrelerin çeşitli radar dalga formlarına etkileri incelenmiştir. Radar dalga formlarındaki bozulmaların radar tespit performansına etkileri incelenerek, bu etkileri azaltacak yöntemler önerilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ile farklı RF etiketlerin farklı dalga formları ile daha uyumlu çalıştığı gösterilmiştir.Harmonic radar is an electromagnetic propagating sensor on which a lot of research has been conducted in recent years, is usually used to detect man-made objects that has nonlinear characteristics. In this thesis, first a new circuit classification method is developed using the harmonic radar system, which has a different detection mechanism than traditional radar systems. The back propagation properties of electronic circuits at harmonic frequencies have been recorded with harmonic radar simulations and harmonic power curves of the circuits has been obtained. Feature space of the electronic circuits under test (ECUT) has been created and analysed with the proposed method then verified with a realistic simulation model. The harmonic response of the ECUTs has been achieved by superimposing multiple output nodes. With the collected data, statistical properties specific to circuits such as skewness, kurtosis and variance were calculated and classification was performed using the K-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) algorithm. In the second part of the thesis, a harmonic radar simulation tool that uses phase coded and linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveforms has been developed. It can also apply various radar algorithms such as pulse compression and pulse integration. With this simulation tool, the advantages and disadvantages of harmonic radar systems have been made visible, and the effects of the parameters used in radar design have been made observable. In the last part of the thesis, a characterization system has been developed for RF (Radio Frequency) electronic tag circuits that can be used during harmonic radar operation. Using this system, the effects of some electronic circuits on various radar waveforms have been studied. By examining the effects of distortions in radar waveforms on radar detection performance, methods to reduce these performance defects have been proposed. With the results obtained, it has been shown that different RF tags work more compatible with different radar waveforms
A Fix and Optimize Approach for the Integrated Fleet Sizing and Delivery Pattern Planning Problem
No full text50th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering: Sustainable Digital Transformation, CIE 2023 -- 30 October 2023 through 2 November 2023 -- 196710This research paper presents a planning concept aimed at defining repetitive delivery patterns for supplying grocery retailer stores from a distribution centre. The utilization of repetitive delivery patterns offers significant benefits in terms of workforce scheduling for shelf replenishment, establishment of cyclic transportation routes, and management of warehouse capacities. By employing this approach, all logistical subsystems of a retail chain, including warehousing, transportation, and in-store logistics, are effectively scheduled together. Our proposal introduces a novel model that minimizes total costs across all interconnected subsystems of a retail distribution chain. We also develop a fix and optimize heuristic that involves dividing the main problem into subproblems which are easily solved. The performance of the proposed solution technique is tested on a randomly generated dataset and its efficiency is proved. © 2023 Computers and Industrial Engineering. All rights reserved
Dynamic Ap Selection and Cluster Formation With Minimal Switching for Green Cell-Free Massive Mimo Networks
No full textJoint European Conference on Networks and Communications / 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit) -- JUN 06-09, 2023 -- Gothenburg, SWEDENAiming at the implementation of energy-efficient cell-free networks, several approaches have been proposed in the literature, which consider different access point (AP) switch ON/OFF (ASO) strategies for power minimization. Different from prior works, this paper focuses on additional factors that have an adverse effect not only on total power consumption but also on implementation complexity and operation cost. For instance, too frequent ON/OFF switching in an AP can lead to tapering off the potential power saving of ASO by incurring extra power consumption due to excessive switching. Indeed, frequent switching of APs might also result in thermal fatigue and severe lifetime degeneration. Moreover, time variations in the AP-UE (user equipment) clusters in favor of energy saving in a dynamic network bring additional signaling and implementation complexity. Thus, we propose a multi-objective optimization problem that aims to minimize the total power consumption together with AP switching and AP-UE clustering variations in comparison to the previous state of the network. The proposed problem is cast in mixed integer quadratic programming form and solved optimally. Our simulation results show that by limiting AP switching (node switching) and AP-UE cluster reformation switching (link switching), the total power consumption at the radio site only slightly increases, but the number of average switching drops significantly regardless of node or link switching. It achieves a good balance on the trade-off between radio power consumption and the side effects excessive switching will bring.This work was partially funded by CELTIC-NEXT project AI4Green with the support of Vinnova, Swedish Innovation Agency.European Commiss,CEA Leti,IEEE Comsoc,EURASIP,EurAAP,Ericsson,Huawei,Nokia,Technol Innovat Inst,Keysight,Natl Instruments,Rohde ; Schwarz,IMEC,Qamcom,Virginia DiodesCELTIC-NEXT project AI4Green; Vinnova, Swedish Innovation Agenc
Continuous Conducting Architecture Developed by Supporting Prussian Blue Analogue on Metal-Organic Framework Derived Carbon-Doped Manganese-Oxide Nanorods for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries
No full textPrussian blue analogues (PBA) are regarded as promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their open framework with large interstitial sites to accommodate Na+ ions. However, PBA suffer from low electronic conductivity and mechanical instability, which may be improved by their structural modification leading to enhanced kinetics. In this regard, we report an in-situ integration of ultra-small PBA cubes into threedimensional metal organic framework (MOF) derived carbon-doped manganese oxide nanorods (C-Mn2O3), which form a continuous conductive architecture with intimate PBA/C-Mn2O3 contact. The C-Mn2O3 nanorods provide nucleation sites for the growth of PBA cubes and further act as the electronic pathway to improve electrode reaction kinetics. This hierarchical configuration effectively buffers the lattice expansion, which improve the structural stability of NiCoPBA. Consequently, the composite exhibits promising performance in aqueous Na+ batteries. Specifically, it delivers a high capacity of 97 mAh/g within a narrow potential window of and retained 82% capacity for 1000 cycles in aqueous electrolyte. It shows even higher capacity of 136 mAh/g and similar capacity retention (76% after 1000 cycles) in non-aqueous electrolytes. The promising performance of developed materials demonstrates the significant impact decreasing the size of PBA cubes has on the capacity by reducing the diffusion pathways and thus facilitating intercalation/deintercalation within the cubes. This study offers new insights of exploiting redox-active substrates to modify and stabilize PBA materials for energy storage applications.Lahore University of Management Sci-ences (LUMS); Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS); Higher Education Commission (HEC) , Govt. of Pakistan [14830]IH acknowledges support by Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) including financial support through Faculty Initiative Fund (FIF) 2020 - 2021, and the Higher Education Commission (HEC) , Govt. of Pakistan, for awarding an NRPU project (14830) to explore the applications of these materials in battery technology. We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Michael A. Pope for providing lab facilities in department of chemical engineering, Quantum Nano Centre, university of Waterloo for electrochemical characterization of developed materials for batteries application
The Fate of Overcorrection After Hemiepiphysiodesis in Valgus Deformities Around the Knee
No full textBackground:Tension band plating is widely used in the surgical treatment of coronal plane deformities around the knee. The rebound phenomenon after implant removal is a common complication of this technique. Overcorrection of joint orientation angles is a method to minimize the effect of the rebound phenomenon. This study aims to investigate the natural course of overcorrected joint orientation angles after plate removal in patients with genu valgum deformity. Methods:Patients who underwent hemiepiphysiodesis with tension band plating due to genu valgum deformity between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Mechanical lateral distal femoral angles (mLDFA) and mechanical medial proximal tibial angles were calculated before plate application, before implant removal, and at the last follow-up. At the implant removal, mLDFA>90 degrees and mechanical medial proximal tibial angles Results:Seventy-two segments from 45 patients were included. For femoral valgus deformities (n=59), the mean mLDFAs at index surgery, implant removal, and the last follow-up were 79.8 ; PLUSMN;3.9 degrees, 95.5 ; PLUSMN;3.7 degrees, and 87.3 ; PLUSMN;5.1 degrees, respectively. In the more and less than 10 degrees rebound groups, the median age of patients at index surgery were 66 and 101 months (P=0.04), the mLDFA during implant removal were 97.8 degrees and 94.4 degrees (P=0.005), and the mean amount of correction in mLDFA was 17 degrees and 13 degrees (P=0.001), respectively. At the last follow-up, joint orientation angles were found to be still overcorrected in 16 (22%), within normal limits in 36 (50%), and undercorrected in 20 (28%) segments. Ten (13%) segments required additional surgery due to residual deformity. Conclusions:Overcorrection with tension band plating is an effective modality in the treatment of genu valgum deformity. Rebound after plate removal increases as the age at index surgery decreases and the amount of conscious overcorrection increases. Most segments return to normal joint orientation angle limits after overcorrection. We recommend a mean of 5 degrees routine overcorrection in patients with genu valgum deformity to overcome the rebound phenomenon and to make future interventions easier if ever needed
The Formal Participation of Syrians To the Employment in Ankara and Attitudes of Local People Toward Syrians – an Experimental Design
No full textDespite a significant Syrian population in Turkey, the proportion of Syrians with work permits is low. Promoting their legal employment is necessary for economic benefits, prevention of radicalization, and their right to work. However, given negative attitudes toward Syrian refugees in Turkey, it's crucial to examine how formal employment affects these attitudes. The study employed Contact Theory and Realistic Group Conflict Theory (RGCT) to examine the impact of formal employment of Syrians on attitudes toward them, considering workplace contact and workplace competition. An experimental survey with eight vignettes, varying across three variables with two levels each, was administered to 240 local workers in Ankara's industrial areas. The study found that formal employment is linked to positive attitudes (lower social distance) and lower threat perception, consistent with Contact Theory, while workplace competition is linked to negative attitudes (higher negative emotions) and higher threat perception, consistent with RGCT. However, no significant results were found for hypothesized workplace contact and interactions of manipulations. Also, threat perception was found as a partial mediator in the association between competition and attitudes, and as a full mediator between formal employment and attitudes.Türkiye'de önemli bir Suriyeli nüfus bulunmasına rağmen çalışma izni olan Suriyelilerin oranı düşüktür. Kayıtlı çalışmanın teşviki, ekonomik faydaların, radikalleşmenin önlenmesinin ve Suriyelilerin çalışma haklarının sağlanması için gereklidir. Ancak Türkiye'deki Suriyeli mültecilere yönelik olumsuz tutumlar göz önüne alındığında, yasal istihdamın bu tutumları nasıl etkilediğinin incelenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu amaçla çalışmada, Suriyelilerin yasal istihdamının yerel halkın tutumları üzerindeki etkisi, iş yeri teması ve iş yeri rekabeti dikkate alınarak Temas Teorisi ve Gerçekçi Grup Tehdidi Teorileri aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. Ankara'nın sanayi bölgelerindeki 240 işçiye 8 örnek olay içeren (iki seviyeli üç bağımsız değişkeni ölçmek üzere) deneysel bir anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışma, yasal istihdamın, Temas Hipotezi ile uyumlu bir şekilde, olumlu tutumlarla (daha düşük sosyal mesafeyle) ve daha düşük tehdit algısıyla ilişkili olduğunu; iş yeri rekabetinin ise Gerçekçi Grup Tehdidi Teorisi ile uyumlu bir şekilde olumsuz tutumlarla (daha yüksek negatif duygularla) ve daha yüksek tehdit algısı ile ilişkili olduğunu bulmuştur. Bununla birlikte, varsayılan iş yeri teması ve manipülasyonların etkileşimleri için anlamlı sonuçlar bulunamamıştır. Ayrıca tehdit algısının, rekabet ve tutumlar arasındaki ilişkide aracı değişken rolü, resmi istihdam ile tutumlar arasındaki ilişkide ise tam aracı değişken rolü üstlendiği bulunmuştur
Observation of Gauge Boson Joint-Polarisation States in W±z Production From Pp Collisions at S=13 Tev With the Atlas Detector
No full textMeasurements of joint-polarisation states of W and Z gauge bosons in W±Z production are presented. The data set used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The W±Z candidate events are reconstructed using leptonic decay modes of the gauge bosons into electrons and muons. The simultaneous pair-production of longitudinally polarised vector bosons is measured for the first time with a significance of 7.1 standard deviations. The measured joint helicity fractions integrated over the fiducial region are f00=0.067±0.010, f0T=0.110±0.029, fT0=0.179±0.023 and fTT=0.644±0.032, in agreement with the next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions. Individual helicity fractions of the W and Z bosons are also measured and found to be consistent with joint helicity fractions within the expected amounts of correlation. Both the joint and individual helicity fractions are also measured separately in W+Z and W−Z events. Inclusive and differential cross sections for several kinematic observables sensitive to polarisation are presented. © 2023We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT , Argentina; YerPhI , Armenia; ARC , Australia; BMWFW and FWF , Austria; ANAS , Azerbaijan; SSTC , Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP , Brazil; NSERC , NRC and CFI , Canada; CERN ; ANID , Chile; CAS , MOST and NSFC , China; Minciencias , Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC , Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU , France; SRNSFG , Georgia; BMBF , HGF and MPG , Germany; GSRI , Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR , China; ISF and Benoziyo Center , Israel; INFN , Italy; MEXT and JSPS , Japan; CNRST , Morocco; NWO , Netherlands; RCN , Norway; MEiN , Poland; FCT , Portugal; MNE/IFA , Romania; JINR ; MES of Russia and NRC KI , Russian Federation; MESTD , Serbia; MSSR , Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ , Slovenia; DSI/NRF , South Africa; MICINN , Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation , Sweden; SERI , SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva , Switzerland; MOST , Taiwan; TENMAK , Türkiye; STFC , United Kingdom; DOE and NSF , United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF , Canarie , Compute Canada and CRC , Canada; COST , ERC , ERDF , Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions , European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex , Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR , France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF , Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF , Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021 , Norway; NCN and NAWA , Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation , CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana , Spain; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser , Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust , United Kingdom.IN2P3-CNRS; CC-IN2P3; 2014-2021; National Science Foundation, NSF; U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, AvH; Alabama Space Grant Consortium, ASGC; Brookhaven National Laboratory, BNL; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA; Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation, MSSRF; CERN; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser; Azərbaycan Milli Elmlər Akademiyası, AMEA; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC; National Research Council Canada, NRC; Canada Foundation for Innovation, CFI; Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council, ERC; European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST; Australian Research Council, ARC; National Stroke Foundation, NSF; Neurosurgical Research Foundation, NRF; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, DNRF; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Generalitat de Catalunya; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, MOST; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, BMWFW; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR; Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science; Israel Science Foundation, ISF; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN; Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS, ARRS; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, CNRST; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, SBFI; Horizon 2020; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, BCKDF; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; Defence Science Institute, DSI; Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation; National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", NRC KI; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Royal Society of South Australia, RSSA; Irish Rugby Football Union, IRFUWe thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; JINR; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TENMAK, Türkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, Canarie, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [99]