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Kripto Paraların Ticaret Şirketlerine Sermaye Olarak Getirilmesine İlişkin Düşünceler
No full textSanal paraların en yeni ve popüler türü olan kripto paraların piyasada gördüğü yoğun ilgi sonucu kullanım alanlarının yaygınlaşması, alışverişte kullanılmasınınyanında ticaret şirketlerinin kuruluşunda veya sermaye artırımı aşamasında sermaye taahhüdünün kripto paralar vasıtasıyla yapılıp yapılamayacağı sorusunu aklagetirmiştir. Ticaret şirketlerinde sermaye koyma borcunu düzenleyen Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun (“TTK”) 127. maddesinde yer alan “devrolunabilen ve nakdendeğerlendirilebilen her türlü değer” şeklindeki ibare, sermaye payına konu edilebilen unsurların sınırlı sayı ilkesine (numerus clausus ilkesi) tabi olmadığınıgöstermektedir. Buna karşın kripto paraların kuruluşta veya sermayenin artırılması aşamasında şirkete sermaye olarak taahhüt edilmesi, bu varlıkların anlık değerdeğişimine açık olması ve değerlerinin tamamen sıfırlanabilmesi sebebiyle tartışmalara konu olmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, varlığın sermaye olarak kabulü halindedeğer ölçümünün nasıl yapılacağına ve nasıl muhasebeleştirileceğine ilişkin mevzuatta boşluk bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kripto paraların, yürürlükteki mevzuatuyarınca Türk hukukunda bir ticaret şirketine sermaye payı olarak getirilip getirilemeyeceğine ek olarak bu konuda mevzuatta yapılması gereken olasıdüzenlemeler ele alınacaktır.The extensive use of cryptocurrencies, the newest and most popular type of virtual currencies, as a result of the intense interest in the market, has brought to mindthe question of whether the capital commitment can be made through cryptocurrencies in the establishment of commercial companies or during the capitalincrease phase, in addition to their use in purchases. Article 127 of the Turkish Commercial Code (“TCC”) which regulates the capital commitment contains theexpression “all kind of assets that can be transferred and that are assessable in cash” demonstrates that elements that can be subject of capital commitment arenot counted in the numerus clausus principle. On the other hand, commitment of cryptocurrencies for the company as capital shares at the establishment or capital increase process is controversial because these assets are open to instant value change and can be devalued completely to zero. In addition to that, thereis a gap in legislation on how to measure crypto currency’s value and how to make recognition for the asset if it is accepted as capital. In this paper, it will bediscussed as to whether crypto money can be brought in commercial companies as share capital in light of the present regulations under Turkish law or not andpossible amendments that the regulations might need will be assessed
Kriple Hipospadias Tedavisinde Otolog Serbest Ters Inlay Ven Greftini; Deneysel Bir Tavşan Modeli
No full textAmaç: Çalışmanın amacı hipospadias sakatlı olgularda defektif üretranın yerine juguler venin serbest reverse greft olarak getirilmesi ve bu dokunun üretral plak ile olan uyumunun incelenmesidir. Hipospadias sakatlı olgular, daha önce hipospadias nedeni ile tamir edilmeye çalışılmış, fonksiyonel ve anatomik komplikasyonları devam eden hipospadias grubu olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu hastalarda defektif üretral plak onarımında tübülarize edilecek lokal yada destek dokusunun bulunmayışı hemen daima sorun oluşturmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada on dört adet genç erişkin, ortalama ağırlığı dört kilo olan, 8-10 aylık, erkek New Zealand cinsi tavşan; yedi tavşandan oluşan iki gruba bölündü. Birinci gruptan juguler ven grefti, ikinci gruptan bukkal mukoza grefti alındı ve alınan greftler üretral plakta oluşturulan defekte serbest flep olarak aktarıldı. Bulgular: Histopatolojik incelemede grup içi ve gruplar arası epitelizasyon, fibrozis ve inflamasyon değerlendirildi. Juguler ven grefti kullanılan grubun (Grup 1) histopatolojik incelemesinde üroepitelizasyonunun tam veya tama yakın olduğu, fibrotik (+) ve inflamasyonun minimal olduğu izlendi. Bukkal mukoza grefti uygulanan grupta (Grup 2) ise üroepitelizasyonun yirmi birinci gün sonunda greft üzerinde yüzde otuz civarında olduğu, fibrotik aktivitenin (++) ve inflamasyonun minimal olduğu izlendi. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonucunda hipospadias sakatlı olgularda defektif üretranın onarımında reverse serbest juguler ven greftinin uzun zamandır kullanılagelen bukkal mukozaya alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır
Trusted Distributed Artificial Intelligence (tdai)
No full textAs the diversity of components increases within the intelligent systems, trusted interactivity also becomes critical challenge for the system components and nodes. Furthermore, emerging SDN (Software Defined Networking) features are also utilized to assure its resiliency and robustness in a dynamic context and monitored by trusted multi-agents' system to maximize trustworthiness of the system components and the deployed context. However, it is not feasible to deploy the intelligent mechanisms at massive scale with the state-of-the-art architectural design paradigms. Therefore, we define three main architectures (central, decentral/autonomous/embedded, distributed/hybrid) as a basis for TDAI methodology to ensure end-to-end trust in holistic AI system life-cycle. Thanks to such a trusted multi-agents-based trust monitoring mechanism, we will be able to overcome hardware limitations and provide flexible and resilient end-to-end trust mechanism for trusted AI models and emerging massive scale intelligent systems. Finally, we evaluated our TDAI Methodology in CCAM (Connected, Cooperative, Autonomous Mobility) domain of a smart-city to monitor its system trust and user behaviors. By that means, it is exploited as a mean of decision-making mechanism to be deployed either manually or automatically (example of anomalies detection etc.). Such a mechanism improves total system performance and behavioral anomaly detection and risk minimization algorithms over the distributed nodes of a given AI system. Furthermore, smartness features are also improved with human-like intelligence abilities at massive scale thanks to the promising performance of TDAI at real-life deployment experiments to maximize trust factor of the dynamically observed context of the smart-cities during the monitored time-span. © 2013 IEEE
Search for Pair-Produced Scalar and Vector Leptoquarks Decaying Into Third-Generation Quarks and First- or Second-Generation Leptons in Pp Collisions With the Atlas Detector
No full textA search for pair-produced scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying into quarks and leptons of different generations is presented. It uses the full LHC Run 2 (2015-2018) data set of 139 fb(-1) collected with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 13TeV. Scalar leptoquarks with charge -(1/3) e as well as scalar and vector leptoquarks with charge +(2/3) e are considered. All possible decays of the pair-produced leptoquarks into quarks of the third generation ( t, b) and charged or neutral leptons of the first or second generation ( e, mu, nu) with exactly one electron or muon in the final state are investigated. No significant deviations from the Standard Model expectation are observed. Upper limits on the production cross-section are provided for eight models as a function of the leptoquark mass and the branching ratio of the leptoquark into the charged or neutral lepton. In addition, lower limits on the leptoquark masses are derived for all models across a range of branching ratios. Two of these models have the goal of providing an explanation for the recent B-anomalies. In both models, a vector leptoquark decays into charged and neutral leptons of the second generation with a similar branching fraction. Lower limits of 1980 GeV and 1710 GeV are set on the leptoquark mass for these two models.ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, China; MOST, China; NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, France; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, Germany; HGF, Germany; MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC, China; Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, Switzerland; Canton of Bern, Switzerland; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF, Canada; CANARIE, Canada; Compute Canada, Canada; CRC, Canada; PRIMUS, Czech Republic [21/SCI/017]; UNCE, Czech Republic [SCI/013]; COST, European Union; ERC, European Union; ERDF, European Union; Horizon 2020, European Union; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, France; Investissements d'Avenir Idex, France; R, France; DFG, Germany; AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Thales programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF, Israel; MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN, Poland; NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, Spain; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; GenT Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; Royal Society, United Kingdom; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; PRIMUS 21/SCI/017 and UNCE SCI/013, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom
Pretend-But Regulation of a Duopoly Under Three Competition Modes
No full textArticle; Early AccessThis paper considers a duopoly with asymmetric costs and demand uncertainty to study the welfare effects of the pretend-but-perform regulation (PPR) under three modes of competition, involving the Cournot, conjectural variations, and supply function competitions. The PPR induces a two-stage game where each firm declares in the first stage a cost report and produces in the second stage accordingly. Theoretically, characterizing and numerically computing the equilibrium of this game, we show that the consumer surplus increases if the PPR is applied under the Cournot competition and it decreases if the PPR is applied under the other modes of competition.The author thanks two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions that have greatly improved the paper. The author also thanks Haldun Evrenk for his helpful comments. The usual disclaimer applies.The author thanks two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions that have greatly improved the paper. The author also thanks Haldun Evrenk for his helpful comments. The usual disclaimer applies
Pıhtı Birikiminin Abdominal Aort Anevrizması Yırtılma Riskine Etkisinin Mühendislik Yöntemleriyle İncelenmesi
No full textAbdominal aort anevrizması (AAA) karın bölgesinde yer alan aort damarının genişlemesine bağlı olarak oluşan bir kardiyovasküler hastalıktır. Tedavi edilmeyen AAA yapıları büyümeye devam etmekte ve yırtılma riski oluşturmaktadır. AAA yırtılması acil bir sağlık durumu olup, yırtılma vakalarının yarıdan fazlası ölümle sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle erken safhada AAA yapılarını teşhis edebilmek önem teşkil etmektedir. Yüksek seviyede genişleme olduğunda AAA içinde pıhtı yapıları oluşabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, AAA içindeki pıhtı yapılarının yırtılma riski üzerindeki etkisi irdelenmiştir. Bu amaçla idealize edilmiş bir AAA modeli oluşturulmuştur. AAA modeli katı-sıvı etkileşimi göz önüne alınarak hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği (HAD) analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda pıhtı olan ve olmayan durumlar için farklı hemodinamik koşulların oluştuğu gözlenmiştir. AAA oluşumunun damar duvarı üzerinde oluşan mekanik gerilmeleri azalttığı görülmüştür. Yüksek seviyede pıhtı içeren AAA modelinin damar gerilme seviyeleri, pıhtı içermeyen AAA modeline kıyasla %12 daha düşüktür. Elde edilen sonuçlar, pıhtı yapılarının AAA hemodinamiğine ve damar duvarındaki mekanik gerilmelere olan etkisinin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamıştır.Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a cardiovascular disease caused by enlargement of the abdominal aorta. Untreated AAA structures continue to grow and pose a risk of rupture. AAA rupture is a health emergency, with more than half of ruptures resulting in death. Therefore, it is important to be able to diagnose AAA structures at an early stage. When there is a high level of enlargement, clot structures can form within the AAA. In this study, the effect of clot structures on the risk of AAA rupture is examined. For this purpose, an idealized AAA model is created. The AAA model is investigated by performing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis considering the fluid-structure interaction. As a result, different hemodynamic conditions occurred for the cases with and without clots. AAA formation reduced the mechanical stresses on the vessel wall. The vascular stresses on the AAA wall are 12% lower for the models with high levels of clot. The results obtained contributed to the understanding of the effect of clot structures on AAA hemodynamics and mechanical stresses on the AAA wall
Optimizing Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Short Transmissions: How Detailed Configurations Can Be Afforded?
No full textThis paper examines how to minimize the energy consumption of a user equipment (UE) when transmitting short data payloads. The receiving base station (BS) controls a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which requires additional pilot signals to be configured, to improve the channel conditions. The challenge is that the pilot signals increase the energy consumption and must be balanced against energy savings during data transmission. We derive a formula for the energy consumption, including both pilot and data transmission powers and the effects of imperfect channel state information and discrete phase-shifts. To shorten the pilot length, we propose dividing the RIS into subarrays of multiple elements using the same reflection coefficient. The pilot power and subarray size are tuned to the payload length to minimize the energy consumption. Analytical results show that there exists a unique energy-minimizing solution. For small payloads and when the direct path loss between the BS and UE is weak compared to the path loss via the RIS, the solution is using subarrays with many elements and low pilot power and vice versa. The optimal percentage of energy spent on pilot signaling is in the order of 10-40%. IEE
First Report of Surgery for Anencephaly in Twin Pregnancies: Technical Notes and Postoperative Management
No full textAnencephaly, the most severe form of neural tube defect, has no known cure, and in most cases, patients die before or shortly after birth. To date, no surgical intervention has been reported in the management of anencephaly. This study presents a case of dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy in which 1 twin was anencephalic and describes the surgical management of this complex case. We aimed to share the problems experienced during the follow up of a patient who survived for a long time after surgery. We also aimed to highlight several clinical issues, including the challenges of managing anencephaly in twin pregnancies, problems experienced during the follow up process in our case, diagnosis of brain death in anencephaly cases, and ethical dilemmas related to organ donation. This case is notable because of the challenging nature of the surgical procedure and complexity of postoperative care. By highlighting the difficulties encountered during the follow up period, we hope to provide insights to health professionals that can inform the management of similar cases in the future. Copyright © 2023 the Author(s).The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose
Computational Intelligence Based Point of Interest Detection by Video Surveillance Implementations
No full textLatest advancement of the computer vision literature and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) reveal many opportunities that are being actively used in various research areas. One of the most important examples for these areas is autonomous vehicles and mapping systems. Point of interest detection is a rising field within autonomous video tracking and autonomous mapping systems. Within the last few years, the number of implementations and research papers started rising due to the advancements in the new deep learning systems. In this paper, our aim is to survey the existing studies implemented on point of interest detection systems that focus on objects on the road (like lanes, road marks), or objects on the roadside (like road signs, restaurants or temporary establishments) so that they can be used for autonomous vehicles and automatic mapping systems. Meanwhile, the roadside point of interest detection problem has been addressed from a transportation industry perspective. At the same time, a deep learning based point of interest detection model based on roadside gas station identification will be introduced as proof of the anticipated concept. Instead of using an internet connection for point of interest retrieval, the proposed model has the capability to work offline for more robustness. A variety of models have been analysed and their detection speed and accuracy performances are compared. Our preliminary results show that it is possible to develop a model achieving a satisfactory real-time performance that can be embedded into autonomous cars such that streaming video analysis and point of interest detection might be achievable in actual utilisation for future implementations