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Measurements of Multijet Event Isotropies Using Optimal Transport With the Atlas Detector
No full textA measurement of novel event shapes quantifying the isotropy of collider events is performed in 140 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions with root s = 13TeV centre-of-mass energy recorded with the ATLAS detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. These event shapes are defined as the Wasserstein distance between collider events and isotropic reference geometries. This distance is evaluated by solving optimal transport problems, using the 'Energy-Mover's Distance'. Isotropic references with cylindrical and circular symmetries are studied, to probe the symmetries of interest at hadron colliders. The novel event-shape observables defined in this way are infrared- and collinear-safe, have improved dynamic range and have greater sensitivity to isotropic radiation patterns than other event shapes. The measured event-shape variables are corrected for detector effects, and presented in inclusive bins of jet multiplicity and the scalar sum of the two leading jets' transverse momenta. The measured distributions are provided as inputs to future Monte Carlo tuning campaigns and other studies probing fundamental properties of QCD and the production of hadronic final states up to the TeV-scale.ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, Canada; CFI, Canada; NSFC, China; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, France; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; BMBF, Germany; MPG, Germany; Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; MICINN, Spain; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF, Canada; CANARIE, Canada; Compute Canada, Canada; Czech Republic [PRIMUS 21/SCI/017, UNCE SCI/013]; COST, European Union; ERC, European Union; ERDF, European Union; Horizon 2020, European Union; Marie Skodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, France; Investissements d'Avenir Idex , France; ANR, France; DFG , Germany; AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Thales programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF, Israel; MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN, Poland; NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, Spain; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; GenT Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; Royal Society, United Kingdom; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; STFC, United Kingdom; TENMAK, Turkiye; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; Canton of Bern, Switzerland; SNSF, Switzerland; SRC, Sweden; DSI/NRF, South Africa; NWO, Netherlands; Benoziyo Center, Israel; RGC, China; GSRI, Greece; HGF, Germany; SRNSFG, Georgia; Minciencias, Colombia; MOST, China; CAS, China; ANID, Chile; CERN; NRC, CanadaWe thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently.; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; PRIMUS 21/SCI/017 and UNCE SCI/013, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.; The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (U.K.) and BNL (U.S.A.), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in ref. [132]
Search for Resonant and Non-Resonant Higgs Boson Pair Production in the Bb¯ Τ+τ− Decay Channel Using 13 Tev Pp Collision Data From the Atlas Detector
No full textA search for Higgs boson pair production in events with two b-jets and two τ-leptons is presented, using a proton–proton collision dataset with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 collected at s = 13 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Higgs boson pairs produced non-resonantly or in the decay of a narrow scalar resonance in the mass range from 251 to 1600 GeV are targeted. Events in which at least one τ-lepton decays hadronically are considered, and multivariate discriminants are used to reject the backgrounds. No significant excess of events above the expected background is observed in the non-resonant search. The largest excess in the resonant search is observed at a resonance mass of 1 TeV, with a local (global) significance of 3.1σ (2.0σ). Observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limits are set on the non-resonant Higgs boson pair-production cross-section at 4.7 (3.9) times the Standard Model prediction, assuming Standard Model kinematics, and on the resonant Higgs boson pair-production cross-section at between 21 and 900 fb (12 and 840 fb), depending on the mass of the narrow scalar resonance. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s).IN2P3-CNRS; 2014-2021; SCI/013; National Science Foundation, NSF; U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, AvH; CRC Health Group, CRC: 21/SCI/017; Canarie; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA; Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation, MSSRF; CERN; Compute Canada; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC; National Research Council Canada, NRC; Canada Foundation for Innovation, CFI; Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council, ERC; European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST; Australian Research Council, ARC; National Stroke Foundation, NSF; Neurosurgical Research Foundation, NRF; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF; Minerva Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, DNRF; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Generalitat de Catalunya; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, MOST; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, BMWFW; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science; Israel Science Foundation, ISF; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN; Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS, ARRS; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, CNRST; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, SBFI; Horizon 2020; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, BCKDF; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; Defence Science Institute, DSI; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA; Institutul de Fizică Atomică, IFA; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Royal Society of South Australia, RSSA; Irish Rugby Football Union, IRFUWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TENMAK, Türkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; PRIMUS 21/SCI/017 and UNCE SCI/013, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d’Avenir Labex, Investissements d’Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom
Çocuk Odası Mobilyalarında Bulunan Organik Kimyasallar Üzerine Bir Araştırma
No full textÇocukların güvenliği ve sağlığı, mobilya ve giysilerinde kullanılan malzemeler söz konusu olduğunda en önemli öncelik olmalıdır. Mobilya üretiminde kimyasal kullanımının hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkileri vardır. Kimyasallar mobilya ürünlerinin kalitesini ve dayanıklılığını artırabilirken, kullanıcılar için sağlık riskleri oluşturabilir. Araştırmalar, zararlı kimyasallara maruz kalmanın çocukların sağlığı üzerinde uzun vadeli olumsuz etkileri olabileceğini göstermiştir, bu da çocuk odaları için mobilya seçimini ebeveynler için önemli bir karar haline getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Ankara’da yaşayan ebeveynlerin çocuk odası mobilyalarında bulunan organik kimyasallara ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesine odaklanılmıştır. Bu amaçla hazırlanan araştırma anketini tesadüfi olarak belirlenen 118 katılımcı doldurmuştur. Anketlerden elde edilen verilere göre, çocuk odalarında bulunan mobilyalar ve kullanılan malzemeler ile satın alınırken dikkate alınan hususlar belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, farklı cinsiyet, yaş ve eğitim düzeyine sahip ebeveynlerin çocuk odası mobilyalarından iç mekana maruz kalınan kimyasallar hakkında yeterince bilgi sahibi olmadıkları bulunmuştur
Domination Type Parameters of Pell Graphs*
No full textPell graphs are defined on certain ternary strings as special subgraphs of Fibonacci cubes of odd index. In this work the domination number, total domination number, 2 -packing number, connected domination number, paired domination number, and signed domination number of Pell graphs are studied. Using integer linear programming, exact values and some estimates for these numbers of small Pell graphs are obtained. Further-more, some theoretical bounds are obtained for the domination numbers and total domina-tion numbers of Pell graphs.*This work is partially supported by T?UBI?TAK under Grant No. 120F125. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and careful reading.[120F125
Singularly Perturbed Fuzzy Initial Value Problems
No full textIn this work, we have firstly introduced singularly perturbed fuzzy initial value problems (SPFIVPs) and then we have given an algorithm for the solutions of them by using the extension principle given by Zadeh. We have presented some results on the behaviour of the α-cuts of the solutions. To show the robustness of the given algorithm, we have fuzzified some examples given in the literature and then we have applied the algorithm. © 2023 Elsevier Lt
Search for High-Mass Wγ and Zγ Resonances Using Hadronic W/Z Boson Decays From 139 Fb−1 of Pp Collisions at √s = 13 Tev With the Atlas Detector
No full textA search for high-mass charged and neutral bosons decaying to Wγ and Zγ final states is presented in this paper. The analysis uses a data sample of s = 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 collected by the ATLAS detector during LHC Run 2 operation. The sensitivity of the search is determined using models of the production and decay of spin-1 charged bosons and spin-0/2 neutral bosons. The range of resonance masses explored extends from 1.0 TeV to 6.8 TeV. At these high resonance masses, it is beneficial to target the hadronic decays of the W and Z bosons because of their large branching fractions. The decay products of the high-momentum W/Z bosons are strongly collimated and boosted-boson tagging techniques are employed to improve the sensitivity. No evidence of a signal above the Standard Model backgrounds is observed, and upper limits on the production cross-sections of these bosons times their branching fractions to Wγ and Zγ are derived for various boson production models. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s).IN2P3-CNRS; 2014-2021; SCI/013; National Science Foundation, NSF; U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, AvH; CRC Health Group, CRC: 21/SCI/017; Canarie; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA; Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation, MSSRF; CERN; Compute Canada; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC; National Research Council Canada, NRC; Canada Foundation for Innovation, CFI; Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council, ERC; European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST; Australian Research Council, ARC; National Stroke Foundation, NSF; Neurosurgical Research Foundation, NRF; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF; Minerva Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, DNRF; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Generalitat de Catalunya; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, MOST; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, BMWFW; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science; Israel Science Foundation, ISF; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN; Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS, ARRS; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, CNRST; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, SBFI; Horizon 2020; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, BCKDF; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; Defence Science Institute, DSI; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA; Institutul de Fizică Atomică, IFA; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Royal Society of South Australia, RSSA; Irish Rugby Football Union, IRFUWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TENMAK, Türkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; PRIMUS 21/SCI/017 and UNCE SCI/013, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d’Avenir Labex, Investissements d’Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom
Türkiye'deki Kırık Hastaları için Sağlık Hizmetleri Planlamasının İyileştirilmesi: Ülke Çapında Bir Araştırmadan İçgörüler
No full textBACKGROUND: The distribution of fractures may vary according to age and gender. In a country like Türkiye, which has high population density and covers a large geographical area, it is important to understand the regional variations in fractures and identify the health institutions in which patients seek treatment to plan new health-care investments effectively. The objective of our study was to investigate the distribution of fractures across the seven regions of Türkiye considering age, gender, and the level of health institutions the patients visited. METHODS: Between January 2021 and May 2023, the total number of fractures, locations of the fractures, patient age and gender, geographical regions, and levels of the health-care institutions to which the patients presented were examined through the e-Nabız personal health record system. Age groups were divided into pediatric (0-19 years), adult (20-64 years), and geriatric (≥65 years) categories. Geographical regions included the Marmara, Central Anatolia, Black Sea, Eastern Anatolia, Aegean, Mediterranean, and Southeastern Anatolia regions. RESULTS: A total of 2,135,701 patients with 2,214,213 fractures were analyzed. Upper extremity fractures were the most common among all considered fracture groups (1,154,819 fractures, 52.2%). There were 643,547 fractures in the pediatric group, 1,191,364 fractures in the adult group, and 379,302 fractures in the geriatric group. While the total number of fractures was higher among men with 1,256,884 fractures (58.9%), the rate among women was higher in the geriatric group (67.2%). Geographically, the highest number of fractures was observed in the Marmara region (714,146 fractures), and 67.92% of all patients presented to secondary health-care institutions (1,500,780 fractures). The most commonly diagnosed fracture in the study population was distal radius fractures. The most common fracture in the geriatric group was femur fractures while distal radius fractures were the most common fractures in the adult and the pediatric groups. CONCLUSION: By understanding the distribution of fractures in Türkiye based on fracture site, geographical region, age, and gender, it becomes possible to improve the planning of patient access to health-care services. In regions with limited health resources, a more successful resource distribution can be achieved by considering fracture distributions and age groups
Signaling Games in Multiple Dimensions: Geometric Properties of Equilibrium Solutions
No full textSignaling game problems investigate communication scenarios where encoder(s) and decoder(s) have misaligned objectives due to the fact that they either employ different cost functions or have inconsistent priors. This problem has been studied in the literature for scalar sources under various setups. In this paper, we consider multi-dimensional sources under quadratic criteria in the presence of a bias leading to a mismatch in the criteria, where we show that the generalization from the scalar setup is more than technical. We show that the Nash equilibrium solutions lead to structural richness due to the subtle geometric analysis the problem entails, with consequences in both system design, the presence of linear Nash equilibria, and an information theoretic problem formulation. We first provide a set of geometric conditions that must be satisfied in equilibrium considering any multi-dimensional source. Then, we consider independent and identically distributed sources and characterize necessary and sufficient conditions under which an informative linear Nash equilibrium exists. These conditions involve the bias vector that leads to misaligned costs. Depending on certain conditions related to the bias vector, the existence of linear Nash equilibria requires sources with a Gaussian or a symmetric density. Moreover, in the case of Gaussian sources, our results have a rate- distortion theoretic implication that achievable rates and distortions in the considered game theoretic setup can be obtained from its team theoretic counterpart.; COPY; 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This work was supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and in part by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUEBITAK) .Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUEBITAK
Analysis of the Lack of Providing the Patient With Satisfactory and Reliable Information About Imported Medicines in Terms of Safety and Ethical Problems: Qualitative Research
No full textObjective: The Imported Medicine List was published for the first time on October 11, 2013 by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye. The purpose of importing drugs from abroad is to supply the human medicinal products that are not licensed in our country and/or that are not available in the market for various reasons despite being licensed, on prescription for use in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in emergencies. The aim of this qualitative research is to examine the information presented about these medicines on the imported medicine list and to evaluate the possible ethical problems that may be caused by insufficient information presentation. Material and Methods: The medicines on the 25/02/2022 Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency imported medicine list were included in the analysis. First, between the dates 07-27 February 2022, it was determined whether these medicines had short product information and instructions for use on the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency website by searching for active substances. Then, all medicines were searched in the RxMediaPharma database by the active substance name, and those not found by this method were searched by the ATC code. Finally, the ethical implications of the issue were discussed and suggestions were presented. Results: The change in the number of active substances in the imported medicine list by years and the presence of generic and medicine-specific information in different Informed Consent Forms have been determined. The ambiguity of the criteria for keeping the unlicensed essential drugs used to meet the priority health needs of the population in the foreign-dependent list has been determined. Conclusion: The risks to patients' right to autonomy have been determined as the result of the lack of sufficient, adequate, and accurate information in the Informed Consent Forms carries risks for patients' rights to autonomy.Amaç: Yurt Dışı İlaç Listesi, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından ilk kez 11 Ekim 2013 tarihinde yayımlanmıştır. Yurt dışından ilaç ithalinde amaç, ülkemizde ruhsatı olmayan ve/veya ruhsatlı olmasına rağmen çeşitli nedenlerle piyasada bulunmayan beşerî tıbbi ürünlerin acil durumlarda, hastalıkların tanı ve tedavisinde kullanılmak üzere reçeteli olarak yurt dışından teminini sağlamaktır. Bu nitel araştırmanın amacı, yurt dışı ilaç listesindeki ilaçlarla ilgili sunulan bilgileri incelemek ve yetersiz bilgi sunumundan kaynaklanabilecek olası etik sorunları değerlendirmek ve öneriler sunulmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırmaya, 25.02.2022 tarihinde yayımlanan Türkiye İlaç ve Tıbbi Cihaz Kurumu yurt dışı ilaç listesindeki ilaçlar dâhil edilmiştir. İlk olarak, 07-27 Şubat tarihleri arasında bu ilaçların Türkiye İlaç ve Tıbbi Cihaz Kurumu internet sitesinde etken madde taraması yapılarak kısa ürün bilgisi ve kullanım talimatı olup olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra RxMediaPharma veri tabanında tüm ilaçlar etken madde adına göre aranmış ve bu yöntemle bulunamayanlar ATC kodu ile taranmıştır. Son olarak, konunun etik sonuçlarıyla ilgili tartışma yürütülüp, öneriler sunulmuştur. Bulgular: Yurt dışı ilaç listesindeki etken madde sayısının yıllara göre değişimi ve Aydınlatılmış Onam Formları'nın bazılarında jenerik bazılarında da ilaca özgü bilgilerin bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Nüfusun öncelikli sağlık ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için kullanılan ruhsatsız esansiyel ilaçların yurt dışı bağımlı yaratan listede tutulmasına ilişkin kriterlerin belirsizliği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Aydınlatılmış Onam Formları'nda yeterli ve doğru bilgilerin bulunmaması sonucunda hastaların özerklik haklarına yönelik riskler belirlenmiştir