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UH-57 Battle Rope Compared to Rope Climbing Ergometer High Intensity Interval Training on Neuromuscular Control and Peak Force Production
No full textBattle Rope Compared to Rope Climbing Ergometer High Intensity Interval Training on Neuromuscular Control and Peak Force Production
Ximena Gonzalez Sanchez 1, Patrick G. Saracino 1, Cecilia D. Salas 1, Matthew A. Yeomans 1
1 University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC.
PURPOSE: To assess battle rope (BR) compared to rope climbing ergometer (RC) high intensity interval training (HIIT) on vertical force during medicine ball slams and electromyography (EMG) activations during a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Thirteen recreationally active participants (9F/4M, 21 ± 1 yrs, 165.5 ± 6.4 cm, 74.6 ± 9.7 kg, 28.0 ± 11.5 % body fat) were randomized to either BR (n=7) or RC (n=6). HIIT consisted of 10 maximal effort rounds using 30:60 second work:rest ratios thrice weekly for 4 weeks. Participants arrived at the laboratory from an overnight fast for body composition measurement pre- and post-training. A sports beverage (80 kcal, 22 g CHO) was provided prior to force plate medicine ball slams and EMG MVC measurements of the right/left pectoralis major during an isometric bench press. Mixed ANOVAs were utilized to detect differences between groups with Bonferroni corrections for pairwise comparisons. RESULTS: Average and peak heart rate during training were similar between groups. No differences between groups existed for performance measures at baseline. No significant differences were observed for force plate medicine ball slams. Right side EMG was shown to be larger in the RC group compared to the BR group post-training (p=0.031). Males were also shown to produce larger EMG MVC compared to females (p=0.025). The same results were found for EMG on the left side (p=0.019 and p=0.003, respectively). There was a group x sex interaction showing the RC improvements for the left side mainly existed in males (p=0.026). There was a trend showing that post EMG MVC was higher post assessment than pre for the left side (p=0.05). There was also a trend for time x sex interaction showing that the improvements observed during post assessment on the left side were mainly found in males (p=0.092). CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary data suggest that RC-HIIT was more effective for improving EMG MVC in males. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This research was partially funded by the USC Upstate Office of Sponsored Awards and Research Support
SS-13 Is Physiological Feedback Impacted by the Perceived Gender of the Presenter?
No full textElectroencephalogram (EEG) research has previously demonstrated that the type of feedback individuals receive can impact their neurological responses by creating either a positive or negative waveform/amplitude. These responses to certain cognitive tasks are referred to as Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) and when people receive negative feedback it produces Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN). FRNs are typically observed around 200-400ms after feedback is presented. This study specifically investigates FRN responses as they relate to a feedback presenter’s gender. There is limited research on FRN responses and even less that investigate FRNs as they relate to gender.
The current study seeks to explore how neurological response is influenced by the perceived gender of the presenter of feedback utilizing an EEG and a pattern recognition task. Participants are presented with a pattern of nine randomized letters. Participants are then shown a slide with two letters where the participant is asked to recall which of the two was presented in the previous pattern using a response input device. To guarantee events lead to a FRN response, 64 of the 200 questions lack a correct option, resulting in an incorrect feedback slide for either response. The feedback screens vary across blocks, with two blocks consisting of female photos and two with male photos. If the participant correctly identifies the letter from the presented pattern, the photo will be of the male or female smiling. If the participant incorrectly identifies the letter, the photo will be of the male or female frowning.
Participants are equipped with a 64-channel hydrocel EEG while completing the task to measure scalp related potentials associated with feedback. Preliminary results indicate an anticipated increase in negative amplitude for feedback screens showing a male compared to a female. The valance of the feedback does not have a significant effect on the FRN response
CH-2 The Future of Gen AI as a Disease Prevention Tool: Opportunities, Challenges, and Ethics
No full textIntroduction/Background:
Early disease detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes, reducing healthcare costs, and enhancing treatment efficiency. Traditional diagnostic methods, like lab tests and imaging, often face challenges related to cost, accuracy, and time delays. Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) offers a transformative solution by providing advanced predictive capabilities to analyze complex medical data and identify illnesses before symptoms appear, especially rare and complex diseases that traditional methods often miss.
Hypothesis or Research Question:
This research explores the potential of Generative AI in early disease detection, focusing on its ability to improve diagnostic accuracy, speed up identification, and enable personalized treatment. The central question is: Can Generative AI provide more accurate and timely disease detection than traditional methods?
Methods:
This research reviews literature on AI applications in early disease detection, focusing on case studies, advancements in machine learning, medical imaging, and predictive modeling. It also examines Gen AI\u27s role in rare disease detection, genomics, and clinical diagnostics, while addressing challenges like data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for diverse training datasets.
Results: The findings show that Gen AI can greatly improve early disease detection by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, especially for rare diseases. AI models analyze large datasets, like genetic data and medical imaging, to identify patterns and predict outcomes more precisely than traditional methods. Gen AI also speeds up diagnostics and offers personalized treatment recommendations, particularly in cases where early intervention can significantly impact disease progression.
Conclusion or Discussion: Generative AI is revolutionizing early disease detection, particularly in some areas like cancer diagnosis. In the past, diagnosing cancer, especially in its early stages, often relied on traditional imaging and biopsy techniques, which could miss subtle signs or lead to delayed diagnoses. This delay reduced the chances of successful treatment, as cancer often progresses rapidly once symptoms appear.
Today, AI-powered models can analyze medical imaging and genetic data in real time, identifying signs of cancer at much earlier stages than traditional methods. For example, in breast cancer detection, AI models have been shown to detect tumors in mammograms with higher accuracy, allowing for earlier intervention and more personalized treatment plans. These advancements improve patient outcomes by enabling quicker diagnoses, targeted therapies, and timely treatments that significantly increase survival rates.
This research highlights how Generative AI is reshaping early disease detection, offering more precise, faster, and personalized approaches to diseases like cancer diagnosis. By understanding its potential and challenges, healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers can ensure the ethical integration of AI, driving a future where diseases are detected sooner, treatments are more effective, and patient outcomes are dramatically improved
SS-3 Words and Wounds: College Students\u27 Perceptions of Verbal and Physical Abuse
No full textIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent issue that greatly affects college students in the United States. Research shows that young adults are susceptible to IPV due to a lack of commitment and relationship instability between partners. The main goal of the current study was to investigate the factors that contribute to college students’ perceptions of IPV. Specifically, we wanted to determine whether the type of abuse (verbal vs. physical) and gender of both the perpetrator and the victim impacts perception of abuse severity. The second goal was to investigate how college students may respond to situations of IPV. While many students may choose not to intervene due to a diffusion of responsibility, it remains unclear whether this reluctance varies based on the type of abuse and the gender involved. Ninety-six college students participated in the current study. They were asked to read one of four scenarios, concerning physical or verbal abuse, where the victim and perpetrators’ gender was manipulated. Participants were then asked to rate the seriousness of the abused described in the scenario, the victim’s responsibility, whether they would ignore the situation, and if they would encourage the victim to seek help. It was hypothesized that participants would rate the IPV as more serious when the victim was a female, and the perpetrator was a male. It was also hypothesized that physical abuse would be rated as more serious than verbal abuse. Findings may ultimately help researchers in the development of more effective prevention and intervention strategies as it relates to different types of abuse
Removing EOG Artifacts from EEG Recordings using Deep Learning
Get PDFThe electroencephalogram (EEG) directly measures the electrical activity generated by the brain. Unfortunately, it is often contaminated by various artifacts, notably those caused by eye movements and blinks (EOG artifacts). Such artifacts are usually removed using an independent component analysis (ICA) or other blind source separation techniques. However, it is difficult to assess whether subtracting EOG components estimated through ICA removes some neurogenic activity. It is crucial to address this question to avoid biasing EEG analyses. Toward that objective, we developed a deep learning model for EOG artifact removal that exploits information about eye movements available through eye-tracking (ET). Using a multimodal EEG and ET open-access dataset, we trained within-subject a long short-term memory (LSTM) model to predict the component of EEG signals predictable from ET data. We further used this ET-informed evaluation of EOG artifacts to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of ICA. Our analysis indicates that although ICA is very sensitive to EOG, it has a comparatively low specificity. These results motivate further research on EEG artifact removal to develop approaches with higher EOG rejection specificity
Low-Tech Seed Enhancement Technology Could Improve Seedling Establishment of Longleaf Pine Understory Perennial Forbs
No full textReintroducing native plants into restoration and revegetation projects could increase plant species diversity, increase floral resources for pollinators, and positively affect trophic-level interactions in the community. Direct seeding in restoration projects has generally had poor success rates due to biotic and abiotic factors, leading to significant seed wastage of the already insufficient native seed supply. Seed balls (aka seed aggregates, seed bombs, and seed pellets) are a low-cost, low-tech seed enhancement technology. The seeds are encased in a soil and clay matrix, providing good seed-soil contact, controlling seed planting depth, nutrients, and protection from seed predators. We conducted a greenhouse and field experiment testing 5.0 g seed ball shape (round vs disk) and cayenne pepper (+/-) on seed germination and seedling establishment of native perennial understory species of the longleaf pine ecosystem. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA of seedling counts indicate significant species-specific seed ball shape, cayenne pepper, and interactions for the greenhouse and field experiments. Significantly more seedlings were established from disk vs. round seed balls, and considerably fewer seedlings were found in seed balls with cayenne pepper under greenhouse conditions. The field experiments showed significant shape, cayenne pepper, or interactions for seven seed sources, which often differed from greenhouse results. While greenhouse studies are useful for experimentation, field study results likely represent a better estimate of seed enhancement methods on seedling recruitment in the longleaf pine ecosystem. These findings suggest that seed ball enhancement methods could be a viable tool for improving seedling establishment to restore longleaf pine ecosystems
Sport Employees and Resilience: An Examination of Organizational Change with NCAA Conference Realignment
No full textNCAA conference membership is critically important to institutions as it is closely associated with revenue generation (i.e., conference-wide revenue distribution, ticket sales, fundraising, etc.) in addition to institutional visibility and prestige. Therefore, universities may pursue conference realignment opportunities based on higher potential revenue, institutional and athletics financial stability, and increased notoriety. Over the past 20 years, there have been at least 80 cases of schools moving conferences at the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. As universities move conferences, employees within the athletics department are exposed to rapid change in organizational structure and are forced to adapt to new institutional, athletics department, and conference goals. This study aims to examine employee strategies for navigating change through the context of conference realignment and structural changes in the NCAA college athletics environment. Within this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 athletics department employees across three different institutions that had undergone conference realignment within the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of NCAA Division I athletics. This study will help further the literature on how sport employees react to change and how their attitude affects the overall success of an organization
Coping Strategies Associated with Art Adherence Among Older Adults Living with HIV, South Carolina
No full textPeople living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) are living longer due to improvements in HIV care including antiretroviral therapy (ART). Even though ART improves HIV prognosis and life expectancy, its adherence is hindered by many factors. As the population of older adults living with HIV (OALH) continues to increase, it is important to understand the psychosocial factors that are associated with living with HIV to improve ART adherence. The aim of this study was to determine the association between coping strategies and ART adherence. Data were obtained from 91 OALH at an immunology clinic in Columbia, South Carolina via purposive sampling. The participants were at least 50 years or older and living with HIV. Coping was assessed using the Brief COPE Inventory. Crude and adjusted linear regression models, controlling for age, race, gender, and were used to determine the association between coping strategies and ART adherence. Subgroup analyses were done to determine if the association between coping and ART adherence varied by gender. The analyses were conducted in SAS version 9.4. The mean difference in ART adherence was statistically significant for race (p = 0.0292). There was a statistically significant association between religion and ART adherence (β = −0.718, p = 0.024). Males who use venting as a coping mechanism had higher ART adherence (β = 1.227, p = 0.048), and males who use behavioral disengagement had lower ART adherence (β = -1.624, p = 0.003) after adjusting for age and race. OALH who use religion as a coping strategy were less likely to adhere to ART treatment. Venting and behavioral disengagement tend to be associated with ART adherence among men. Qualitative research is needed to delve deeper into the relationship between religious coping and ART adherence, especially among OALH
Cardiovascular Health in the Transition from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association
No full textCardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death in the United States, with an alarming rise in the proportion of young adults experiencing cardiovascular events. Many adolescents enter adulthood with significant cardiovascular disease risk factors. This scientific statement addresses the critical need for cardiovascular health promotion during emerging adulthood, a transitional stage between the ages of 18 and 25 or 29 years of age. We discuss the significance of social determinants of health and the interplay between individual-level risk factors and developmental changes, including shifts in substance use, social connections, and emotional well-being. We conclude by outlining strategies for optimizing cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention, underscoring the importance of primordial prevention, early intervention, and tailored approaches to address the unique needs of emerging adults. Addressing these multifaceted factors is crucial for mitigating the burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors among emerging adults and promoting long-term cardiovascular well-being