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Produção de biomassa e estado nutricional de trevo-encarnado (Trifolium incarnatum L.) e aveia (Avena sativa L.) após aplicação de nitrogênio mineral, biochar e composto orgânico
Get PDFO crescimento da população mundial tem elevado a demanda por alimentos, exigindo aumento da produtividade agrícola aliada à sustentabilidade ambiental. Para atender a essa necessidade, torna-se essencial adotar práticas que promovam o uso eficiente de nutrientes e preservem a fertilidade do solo. Entre essas práticas, destaca-se a utilização de condicionadores de solo, como o biochar e o composto orgânico, capazes de melhorar as propriedades químicas do solo, aumentar a disponibilidade de nutrientes e reduzir perdas por lixiviação e volatilização.
O uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados, embora fundamental para a produtividade, deve ser manejado com cautela devido aos potenciais impactos ambientais, como a contaminação de águas subterrâneas e a emissão de gases de efeito estufa. Associar práticas agroecológicas à adubação mineral, bem como integrar culturas com diferentes estratégias nutricionais, como leguminosas fixadoras de nitrogênio, pode contribuir para a eficiência do sistema produtivo.
Diante desse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de biochar, composto orgânico e adubação nitrogenada mineral na produção de matéria seca e no estado nutricional de Trifolium incarnatum L. (trevo-encarnado) e Avena sativa L. (aveia). O experimento foi conduzido em vasos, ao ar livre, com cinco tratamentos distintos e três repetições. Foram avaliadas a produção de biomassa aérea, a composição mineral das plantas e os atributos químicos do solo ao início e ao fim do experimento.
Os resultados evidenciaram o desempenho superior do trevo-encarnado na produção de biomassa, com média aproximadamente 280% maior em relação à aveia entre os tratamentos avaliados, especialmente sob aplicação de composto orgânico. Esse resultado reflete sua capacidade de fixação biológica de nitrogênio e maior eficiência na ciclagem de nutrientes. A aveia, embora tenha apresentado menor acúmulo de matéria seca, concentrou maiores teores dos micronutrientes manganês, cobre e ferro nos tecidos.
O composto orgânico destacou-se como uma alternativa eficiente e sustentável à adubação mineral, promovendo o aumento dos níveis de nutrientes residuais no solo e contribuindo para a melhoria da sua fertilidade.The world population growth has increased the demand for food, requiring higher agricultural productivity combined with environmental sustainability. To meet this need, it is essential to adopt practices that promote efficient nutrient use and preserve soil
fertility. Among these practices, the use of soil conditioners, such as biochar and organic compost, stand out for their ability to improve soil chemical properties, increase nutrient availability, and reduce losses through leaching and volatilization.
Although nitrogen fertilizers are essential for productivity, their use must be carefully managed due to potential environmental impacts, such as groundwater contamination and greenhouse gas emissions. Integrating agroecological practices with mineral fertilization, as well as incorporating crops with different nutritional strategies, such as nitrogen-fixing legumes, can contribute to the production system efficiency.
In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar, organic compost, and mineral nitrogen fertilization on dry matter production and the nutritional status of Trifolium incarnatum L. (crimson clover) and Avena sativa L. (oat). The
experiment was conducted in pots, outdoors, using five distinct treatments and three replications. Aboveground biomass production, plant mineral composition, and soil chemical attributes were assessed at the beginning and end of the experiment.
The results demonstrated the superior performance of crimson clover in biomass production, with an average approximately 280% higher than that of oat across the evaluated treatments, especially under organic compost application. This outcome reflects
its biological nitrogen fixation capacity and greater efficiency in nutrient cycling. Oat, although producing less dry matter, exhibited higher concentrations of the micronutrients manganese, copper, and iron in plant tissues. Organic compost emerged as an efficient and sustainable alternative to mineral fertilization, promoting increased residual nutrient levels in the soil and contributing to improved soil fertility
Interpreting Machine Learning Models with SHAP Values: Application to Crude Protein Prediction in Tamani Grass Pastures
Get PDFMachine learning models such as XGBoost show strong potential for predicting pasture quality metrics like crude protein (CP) content in tamani grass (Panicum maximum). However, their 'black box' nature hinders practical adoption. To address this limitation, this study applied SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to interpret an XGBoost model and uncover how management practices (grazing interval, nitrogen fertilization, and pre- and post-grazing heights) and environmental factors (precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation) jointly influence CP predictions. Data were divided into 80% for training/validation and 20% for testing. Model performance was assessed with stratified 5-fold cross-validation, and hyperparameters were tuned via grid search. The XGBoost model yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.78, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.45, and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.57. The results showed that precipitation in the range of 100-180 mm increased the predicted CP content. Application of 240 kg N ha-1 year-1 positively affected predicted CP, whereas a lower dose of 80 kg N ha-1 year-1 had a negative impact, reducing predicted levels of CP. These findings highlight the importance of integrated management strategies that combine grazing height, nitrogen fertilization, and grazing intervals to optimize crude protein levels in tamani grass pastures.The authors thank the Embrapa Beef Cattle, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Foundation, through the Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination (CAPES, Finance Code 001), and the Foundation for the Support of the Development of Education, Science and Technology of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT)
Strategic Co-Design for Territorial Innovation: Defining Challenges within WE
Get PDFThis paper explores a strategic co-design process undertaken in the rural municipality of Miranda do Douro, Portugal, aimed at formulating locally grounded innovation challenges. Situated within the framework of a broader initiative [blinded for peer-review], the study highlights the preparatory phase prior to student involvement, emphasizing how collaborative methodologies shaped a community responsive innovation agenda. The research is anchored in theoretical perspectives on social and territorial innovation, drawing from concepts such as situated cocreation, collaborative governance, and active listening in peripheral contexts. These frameworks underscore the relational, adaptive, and context-sensitive nature of cocreation practices in rural and marginalized territories. Methodologically, the process involved an initial phase of internal mapping and stakeholder identification, followed by focus groups to gather local insights. Through iterative synthesis and validation with community actors, five strategic challenges emerged – ranging from cultural heritage preservation to agricultural valorization and linguistic revitalization. The study contributes to the literature by demonstrating how co-design can operate as a strategic tool for territorial innovation, particularly in low-density regions. It offers a replicable model that blends participatory methods with academic facilitation, enabling inclusive governance and reinforcing local agency. By reframing challenge formulation as a dialogic and situated act, the approach enhances legitimacy, ownership, and transformative potential in contexts often excluded from mainstream innovation agendas.The authors would like to acknowledge the funding from Erasmus+ Alliances for Education and Enterprises - “NEST - Co-Creating a New Form of Governance in Societal Transition for Healthy Living” (2023-2026) - ERASMUS-EDU-2022-PI-ALL-INNOEDU-ENTERP I PROPOSAL NUMBER: 101111656 - FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CIMO, UIDB/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00690/ 2020) and UIDP/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/00690/2020); and SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020), and the overall local support of Miranda do Douro Municipality
Contributos da reabilitação cardíaca na melhoria da qualidade de vida na pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca
Get PDFA insuficiência cardíaca é uma condição crónica e progressiva que compromete a função cardíaca e impacta negativamente a qualidade de vida e a autonomia das pessoas. A reabilitação cardíaca, especialmente através do exercício físico, tem demonstrado benefícios significativos na melhoria da capacidade funcional e diminuição da morbimortalidade. No entanto, barreiras como o desconhecimento dos benefícios, fatores psicossociais e limitações dos sistemas de saúde dificultam a implementação e adesão a estes programas.
Objetivo: Mapear na evidência científica os contributos da reabilitação cardíaca na melhoria da qualidade de vida na pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca.
Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo utilizando as diretrizes da JBI (Joanna Briggs Colaboration). As bases de dados utilizadas na pesquisa foram MEDLINE e a Scopus importados para o RAYYAN, a literatura cinzenta foi feita na Open acess and dissertations e a Biblioteca digital brasileira teses e dissertações. Foram considerados estudos em pessoas com Insuficiência cardíaca, com abordagem na reabilitação cardíaca e publicados nos últimos 5 anos em português e inglês.
Resultados: Foram identificados 195 estudos no total, após a triagem e seleção 10 estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Os principais resultados encontrados foram, diminuição de internamentos, da morbimortalidade, aumento da autonomia na realização das atividades diárias, melhoria da capacidade funcional e emocional que consequentemente melhoram o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida.
Conclusão: Apesar das limitações metodológicas, este trabalho permitiu identificar lacunas significativas no contexto prático da prestação de cuidados principalmente em situações de recursos limitados, apesar da elevada prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares. A investigação reforça a importância do enfermeiro de reabilitação como elemento-chave na promoção da educação para a saúde, adesão ao tratamento, autogestão da doença e melhoria da qualidade de vida da pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca. É urgente investir na formação de profissionais, criação de serviços adaptados à realidade local e desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que integrem a reabilitação cardíaca como componente essencial no cuidado cardiovascular.Heart failure is a chronic and progressive condition that impairs cardiac function and negatively impacts patients' quality of life and autonomy. Cardiac rehabilitation, especially through physical exercise, has demonstrated significant benefits, such as reducing hospitalizations, morbidity and mortality, and improving daily activity independence, functional capacity, emotional well-being, and overall comfort. However, barriers such as lack of awareness of benefits, psychosocial factors, and health system limitations hinder the implementation and adherence to these programs.
Objective: To map the contributions of cardiac rehabilitation to improving quality of life in individuals with heart failure in the scientific evidence.
Methods: This is a scoping review using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Collaboration) guidelines. The databases used in the research were MEDLINE and Scopus, imported into RAYYAN. Grey literature was searched in Open Access and dissertations, and in the Brazilian Digital Library of theses and dissertations. Studies considered were those involving people with heart failure, focused on cardiac rehabilitation, and published in the last five years in Portuguese and English.
Results: A total of 195 studies were identified, and after screening and selection, 10 studies were included in the review. The main findings were a decrease in hospital admissions and morbidity and mortality, an increase in autonomy in performing daily activities, and an improvement in both functional and emotional capacity, which consequently enhance well-being and quality of life.
Conclusion: Despite methodological limitations, this work made it possible to identify significant gaps in the practical context of care delivery, especially in resource-limited settings, despite the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The findings emphasize the crucial role of rehabilitation nurses in health education, treatment adherence, self-management of the disease, and enhancing the quality of life for individuals with heart failure. It concludes that urgently investing in professional training, developing services adapted to the local context, and creating public policies that integrate cardiac rehabilitation as an essential component of cardiovascular care in Cabo Verde are necessary
School air quality and thermal comfort: a multi-pollutant seasonal assessment
Get PDFAs evidence of children's vulnerability to air pollution grows, research on school air quality has increased significantly in the 21st century. Given the complex factors influencing indoor and outdoor air quality in schools, each study offers valuable insights. This study contributes by assessing particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, thermal comfort and microorganisms in a large school encompassing different education levels over two seasons. The assessment combined passive and continuous sampling using various techniques, including chromatography and estimations of air change and ventilation rates. Classroom ventilation was insufficient to ensure adequate air renewal. During class hours, CO2 concentrations ranged from 760 to 1,118 ppm in winter and from 807 to 1,022 ppm in spring, repeatedly exceeding 1,000 ppm. CO2 and PM10 concentrations were significantly higher during school hours than when the classrooms were empty, indicating the strong influence of school activities. In contrast, PM1 and PM2.5 concentrations were more influenced by external factors, especially outside of school hours. The lack of thermal comfort created an unhealthy environment. Carbonyl concentrations were higher in classrooms (average: 68.8 mu g m-3) compared to the schoolyard (3.86 mu g m-3), in both seasons. Microbial analysis revealed the presence of fungi with toxigenic potential, with the highest fungal diversity observed in spring. These findings highlight that while some pollutant levels may appear low, they can occasionally reach extremely high levels, even in newer buildings. The novelty of this research lies in demonstrating that, despite recent improvements and numerous studies, significant progress is still needed to ensure healthier school settings.The authors would especially like to thank the school principal and teachers, who have willingly participated in this study. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) to CESAM (UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar UID/50006 + LA/P/0094/2020, doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0094/2020), through national funds, and to the PhD fellows I. Charres (DOI: 10.54499/2022.12142.BD), L. Furst (DOI:10.54499/2020.08461.BD), and M. Soares (2023.04826.BD). FCT is also acknowledged for the research contract under Scientific Employment Stimulus to Estela D. Vicente (DOI:10.54499/2022.00399.CEECIND/CP1720/CT0012). This work was performed within the project: Source drivers of (eco)TOxicity of airborne Particles in school environments in Estarreja: Strategies for minimising the risks (STOP) – funded by the LabEx-DRIIHM-OHM programme (CNRS – INEE, France). H&TRC authors gratefully acknowledge the FCT/MCTES national support through the UIDB/05608/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/05608/2020) and UIDP/05608/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/05608/2020)
Prática de Ensino Supervisionada – O livro de literatura para infância como recurso pedagógico
Get PDFEste relatório foi elaborado no âmbito da unidade curricular de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (PES), integrada no plano de estudos do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB). O documento descreve a ação educativa desenvolvida em três contextos distintos: creche, educação pré-escolar e 1.º ciclo do ensino básico, tendo como eixo central de investigação pedagógica o papel do livro de Literatura para a Infância enquanto recurso promotor de aprendizagens significativas. A escolha desta temática resultou da convicção de que o livro, mais do que um simples suporte de leitura, constitui um instrumento simbólico e pedagógico que potencia a curiosidade, a imaginação e a construção do conhecimento. Definiram-se como objetivos da investigação: i) potenciar o processo de aprendizagem da leitura, a partir de livros de Literatura para a Infância, apresentando sugestões práticas de atividades a realizar nos diferentes contextos em estudo; ii) desenvolver experiências de ensino-aprendizagem, partindo do livro e da Literatura para a Infância e que articulem diferentes domínios de aprendizagem; iii) fomentar o gosto pelo livro e pela leitura, promovendo o contacto frequente com os mesmos; iv) conhecer as perceções das crianças sobre o livro e a Literatura para a Infância. A investigação seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa e recorreu a técnicas como a observação participante, notas de campo, registos fotográficos, focus group e análise de produções das crianças. As experiências de aprendizagem desenvolvidas revelaram que o livro pode assumir diferentes papéis: objeto de exploração sensorial e afetiva em creche; mediador de diálogos, jogos simbólicos e criatividade em educação pré-escolar; e recurso estruturante para a integração de diferentes áreas do saber e para a promoção de aprendizagens significativas no 1.º ciclo do ensino básico. Os dados obtidos indicam que a Literatura para a Infância é um recurso pedagógico versátil e motivador, capaz de articular várias áreas do saber e de promover aprendizagens com significado. As crianças demonstraram entusiasmo e envolvimento nos momentos de leitura, reconhecendo o livro como um elemento central da rotina educativa. Conclui-se, assim, que integrar a Literatura para a Infância de forma intencional e sistemática favorece a formação de leitores, a expressão pessoal e o desenvolvimento integral das crianças.This report was prepared within the scope of the curricular unit of Supervised Teaching Practice (STP), integrated in the Master’s Degree in Preschool Education and Teaching of the 1st Cycle of Basic Education (CEB). The document describes the educational action developed in three distinct contexts - nursery, preschool, and the 1st cycle of basic education - with the central pedagogical research focus being the role of Children’s Literature books as a resource that promotes meaningful learning. The choice of this theme stemmed from the conviction that the book, more than a simple reading support, constitutes a symbolic and pedagogical tool that fosters curiosity, imagination, and knowledge building. The objectives defined for the research were: (i) to enhance the process of learning to read through Children’s Literature books, presenting practical suggestions of activities to be carried out in the different contexts under study; (ii) to develop teaching-learning experiences starting from the book and Children’s Literature that articulate different learning domains; (iii) to foster a taste for books and reading, promoting frequent contact with them; (iv) to understand children’s perceptions about books and Children’s Literature. The research followed a qualitative approach and used techniques such as participant observation, field notes, photographic records, focus groups, and analysis of children’s productions. The learning experiences developed revealed that the book can assume different roles: an object of sensory and affective exploration in nursery; a mediator of dialogues, symbolic play, and creativity in preschool; and a structuring resource for the development of reading, writing, and interpretation in the 1st cycle of basic education. The data collected indicate that Children’s Literature is a versatile and motivating pedagogical resource, capable of articulating different areas of knowledge and promoting meaningful learning. Children showed enthusiasm and engagement during reading moments, recognizing the book as a central element of the educational routine. It is therefore concluded that integrating Children’s Literature in an intentional and systematic way fosters the formation of readers, personal expression, and the integral development of children
Editorial: Recent advances in quality control technology for fresh fruits and vegetables
Get PDFThe editorial highlights the challenges in preserving fresh fruits and vegetables, emphasizing advances in processing and postharvest technologies to extend shelf life, reduce losses, and enhance nutritional and functional value. Included studies show that varietal selection and techniques such as malting can reduce FODMAPs in grains; combined 1-MCP and H₂S treatments preserve strawberries during storage; and fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus increases the bioavailability of polyphenols in honeysuckle beverages. Additionally, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is highlighted as a key regulator of enzymatic browning in minimally processed products. Collectively, these approaches promote plant-based foods that are more nutritious, functional, safe, and sustainable, contributing to higher-quality and lower-waste food systems.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CIMO, UIDB/00690/2020 (doi: 10.54499/UIDB/00690/2020) and UIDP/00690/2020 (doi: 10.54499/UIDP/00690/2020); and SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (doi: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020)
Can physical exercise modify intestinal integrity and gut microbiota composition? A systematic review of in vivo studies
Get PDFThere is little evidence about how physical exercise affects the gut microbiota since studies in the field are relatively recent. Thus, we aimed to systematically review the main effects of regular physical exercise on the intestinal integrity and microbiota composition in animal models, discuss the mechanisms involved, and indicate future directions. Searches for original articles were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. A total of 18 studies were selected. These studies suggest that physical exercise has a significant impact on the gut microbiota. Voluntary running increased the thickness of duodenal villi and microbiota diversity but reduced its richness. Low-intensity treadmill running increased the abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria and the family Bifidobacteriaceae, while that of moderate-intensity reduced the Bacteroides/Prevotella ratio. High-intensity swimming and treadmill running altered the gut microbiota, evidenced by beta-diversity, and increased the Shannon and Chao indices but reduced short-chain fatty acids. Resistance exercise increased the Chao index and altered the functionality of the gut microbiota, increasing carbohydrate metabolism and reducing lipid and amino acid metabolism. Thus, regular physical exercise of different intensities and types can modify the gut microbiota, and the exercise benefits appear to be positively associated with training intensity.We would like to express our gratitude to the funding agencies CAPES (001), CNPq and FAPEMIG (APQ-04073-23) for supporting research, development and innovation activities, and granting scholarships
Parâmetros de solubilidade de Hansen de líquidos iónicos a partir de dados de cromatografia gasosa inversa
Get PDFMestrado de dupla diplomação com a Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáO uso extensivo de solventes convencionais em diversas aplicações industriais e académicas tem causado impactos ambientais significativos, principalmente devido à sua alta volatilidade e dificuldade de controlar a sua evaporação e liberação para o meio ambiente. Como alternativa, os líquidos iónicos (LIs) têm sido explorados por propriedades como baixa volatilidade. No entanto, a ampla variedade de combinações possíveis entre catiões e aniões resulta num elevado número de possibilidades, tornando a seleção de um LI adequado muito complexa e intensa a nível experimental. Uma forma de superar esse desafio é utilizar modelos teóricos de caracterização, como os bem conhecidos parâmetros de solubilidade de Hansen (PSH) que fornecem uma abordagem quantitativa para prever a compatibilidade entre solventes e solutos. No entanto, a determinação dos PSH para LIs é ainda muito desafiadora devido ao limitado número de dados experimentais. Com base nisso, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a possibilidade de estimar os PSH de quatro LIs à base de imidazólio e com o anião cloreto: [C4mim]Cl, [C6mim]Cl, [C8mim]Cl e [C12mim]Cl, usando 1.437 dados experimentais decoeficientes de atividade a diluição infinita (13 ∞ ), obtidos por cromatografia gasosa inversa (CGI). A estimativa combinou o programa Hansen Solubility Parameters in Practice (HSPiP) com o Microsoft Excel, classificando a solubilidade numa escala de afinidade de 0 a 5, adotando o método percentil, que é considerada mais eficiente do que a escala de afinidade binária. A metodologia aplicada revelou uma grande dependência dos valores dos PSH com o conjunto de solutos utilizados na sua estimativa, mostrando assim a necessidade de ter uma grande variedade de famílias químicas de solutos para obter resultados mais consistentes. Além disso, o procedimento não permitiu correlacionar os PSH com o tamanho da cadeia alquílica do catião. Os PSH estimados pelo algoritmo genético e clássico de Hansen, apresentaram boa concordância, confirmando a consistência dos parâmetros: [C4mim]Cl (δD = 15,5; δP = 4,4; δH = 9,6 MPa⁰·⁵), [C6mim]Cl (δD = 14,8; δP = 6,0; δH = 10,6 MPa⁰·⁵), [C8mim]Cl (δD = 15,5; δP = 6,6; δH = 10,4 MPa⁰·⁵) e [C12mim]Cl (δD = 15,5; δP = 6,6; δH = 10,4 MPa⁰·⁵). Este estudo comprova a aplicabilidade da metodologia para estimar os PSH de LIs, gerando um conjunto de valores que contribuem para sua caracterização. Esta abordagem pode ser aplicada a outros LIs, contribuindo para a seleção racional de solventes mais sustentáveis.The extensive use of conventional solvents in various industrial and academic applications has led to significant environmental impacts, primarily due to their high volatility and difficulty in controlling their evaporation and release into the environment. As an alternative, ionic liquids (ILs) have been explored for properties such as low volatility. However, the vast range of possible cation–anion combinations results in an immense design space, making the selection of a suitable IL both complex and experimentally intensive. An effective way to address this challenge is to employ theoretical characterization models, such as the well-known Hansen solubility parameters (HSP), which provide a quantitative framework to predict solvent–solute compatibility. Nevertheless, determining HSP for ILs remains highly challenging due to the limited availability of experimental data. Based on this context, this report aims to evaluate the feasibility of estimating the HSP of four imidazolium-based ILs with chloride anion: [C4mim]Cl, [C6mim]Cl, [C8mim]Cl and [C12mim]Cl, using 1.437 experimental infinite dilution activity coefficient (13 ∞ ) data obtained via inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The estimation combined the Hansen Solubility Parameters in Practice (HSPiP) software with Microsoft Excel, classifying solubility on an affinity scale ranging from 0 to 5, adopting the percentile method, which is considered more effective than the binary affinity scale. The applied methodology revealed a strong dependence of the HSP values on the set of solutes used
for the estimation, highlighting the need for a broad variety of chemical solute families to achieve consistent results. Furthermore, the procedure did not allow a clear correlation between the HSP and the cation alkyl chain length. The HSP estimated by both the genetic algorithm and the classical Hansen method showed good agreement, confirming the consistency of the parameters: [C4mim]Cl (δD = 15,5; δP = 4,4; δH = 9,6 MPa⁰·⁵), [C6mim]Cl (δD = 14,8; δP = 6,0; δH = 10,6 MPa⁰·⁵), [C8mim]Cl (δD = 15,5; δP = 6,6; δH = 10,4 MPa⁰·⁵) and [C12mim]Cl (δD = 15,5; δP = 6,6; δH = 10,4 MPa⁰·⁵). This study demonstrated the applicability of the proposedmethodology for estimating the HSP of ILs, generating a set of values that contribute to their characterization. The approach may be extended to other ILs, providing a useful tool for the rational selection of more sustainable solvents
Characterization of volatile organic compounds emitted by insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa
Get PDFMestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáO presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) emitidos por Philaenus spumarius, principal vetor da bactéria Xylella fastidiosa, causadora de doenças graves em oliveiras, videiras e amendoeiras. Considerando a ausência de tratamentos eficazes, a identificação desses compostos pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de armadilhas e estratégias de manejo sustentável. Os insetos foram capturados em ambientes naturais, mantidos em laboratório e submetidos à análise de COVs por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS A metodologia experimental foi otimizada, definindo-se as condições ideais como fibra exposta por 3 horas, utilização de 2 insetos por ensaio, o que garantiu maior confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade dos resultados. Machos isolados emitiram dois compostos, fêmeas nove, e casais apresentaram 21 compostos, evidenciando maior diversidade química na interação entre os sexos. Destacam-se o 2-etil-1-hexanol e o nonano, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptametil-, presentes em todas as condições, sugerindo papel basal na comunicação química. A emissão variou sazonalmente, com maior diversidade no outono, período reprodutivo, e menor na primavera, refletindo o ciclo de vida. O estudo fornece um protocolo otimizado e identifica compostos-chave, oferecendo subsídios para futuras investigações sobre feromônios e manejo integrado de P. spumarius.This study aimed to characterize the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Philaenus spumarius, the main vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which causes serious diseases in olive, grapevine, and almond trees. Given the lack of effective treatments, identifying these compounds could aid in the development of traps and sustainable management strategies. The insects were captured in natural environments, kept in the laboratory, and subjected to VOC analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The experimental methodology was optimized, defining ideal conditions as fiber exposure for 3 hours, using two insects per experiment, which ensured greater reliability and reproducibility of the results. Single males emitted two compounds, females nine, and pairs emitted 21 compounds, demonstrating greater chemical diversity in the interaction between the sexes. 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and nonane, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethyl-, stand out, present in all conditions, suggesting a basal role in chemical communication. Emission varied seasonally, with greater diversity in autumn, the reproductive period, and lower in spring, reflecting the life cycle. The study provides an optimized protocol and identifies key compounds, offering support for future research on pheromones and integrated management of P. spumarius