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可同時量測六自由度幾何誤差的長行程線軌量測系統之設計;
No full text[[abstract]]現今市面上用於量測工具機幾何誤差之系統其只能單次量測單一個自由度誤差，且量測所耗費的時間太長，因此本研究將設計一新型非接觸式光學式誤差量測系統，將用於量測工具機線性軸六自由度之誤差，與市售光學量測系統相比，此量測系統具有同時量測六自由度誤差，及低成本之優勢，期望此量測系統可提升台灣工具機於世界的競爭性。 本文所提出的新型量測系統結合雷射干涉儀與其定位鏡組、光學元件與位置感測器，並在誤差量測系統中加入雷射誤差擾動補償裝置，提高量測系統的準確性，在提高系統精度的同時，還能一次同時量測到六個自由度的誤差，期望能讓國內工具機業在國際上更具競爭力。在本論文中，我們將分別以定性與定量上的分析來對所提出之量測系統進行可行性驗證。首先在定性上的分析即是將所提出之系統架構建構於光學模擬軟體-ZEMAX來觀察其系統特性與趨勢，接著使用數學齊次座標轉換矩陣為所提出架構建立完善的數學模型，並以歪斜光線追蹤法來追蹤雷射光線在新型量測系統內之實際光線變化情況，即以數學推導的方式為本量測系統進行定量上之分析。完成定性與定量上分析之後，將所設計之新型量測系統實際架設於光學桌進行實驗，並將實際量測的結果與上述模擬和數學推導的結果進行數據分析與比對，並與現今市售量測系統雷射干涉儀比較，確立本量測架構之可行性。
Today on the market, the geometric error measurement system of the machine tool, only can measure a single error, and it takes too much time, In this thesis, we will design a novel non-contact optical error measurement system for machine tool. Compared with the commercial optical measurement system, this measurement system has the advantage of measuring six degrees of freedom error simultaneously and low cost, and it is expected that this measurement system will enhance Taiwan's competitiveness.In this thesis, we will qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the feasibility of the proposed measurement system to verify. Firstly, the qualitative analysis is carried out, and the system characteristics and trends are observed by using the optical simulation software-ZEMAX. Then, the mathematic homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix is used to establish the perfect mathematical model, and the skew ray tracing method is used to track the laser In the new measurement system, the mathematical approach to the quantitative measurement system for quantitative analysis. After the qualitative and quantitative analysis is completed, the nonel measurement system is actually set up in the optical table to carry out the experiment, and the actual measurement results and the simulation and mathematical results of the data analysis and comparison, and with the city Comparison of the measurement system, the feasibility of this measurement architecture is established
歐洲主權債務危機的發展與演變：1999～2013;The Dynamics of European Sovereign Debt Crisis: 1999~2013
No full text[[abstract]]本篇論文主要從三元悖論的觀點探討歐洲主權債務危機。歐洲主權債務危機意指2009至2012年間，由希臘、愛爾蘭、葡萄牙、西班牙與義大利等五國爆發之財政赤字與政府公債問題，並因共同貨幣—歐元—的使用，而使個別國家的困境演變為歐元區整體的危機。既有文獻多有將此危機歸因於歐豬五國財政紀律不彰者，但從三元悖論的理論觀之，此一危機在相當程度上亦源自歐元的制度設計。這是因為歐元區成員國參與貨幣整合時，其主要目的之一是促進資本更有效的配置，使得整體經濟效益發揮到極大化。但為了成就「資本自由移動」與「匯率穩定」，各國必須犧牲其「貨幣政策自主性」。本篇論文首先回顧歐元成立的歷史，藉以指出歐元區實現貨幣聯盟卻未能達成有效的財政整合之背景。其次，本文探討歐豬五國爆發危機的過程，指出貨幣自主權的喪失使其無法透過調降匯率的方式（貶值）因應其問題。這導致了三巨頭—歐洲聯盟、國際貨幣基金以及歐洲中央銀行—的干預。本文最後因此指出三巨頭不僅針對爆發危機的國家提出一系列之緊急救援措施與改革方案，也進一步檢視並處理集體與制度的層次問題，而以包括「財政公約」在內的措施以期能解決及預防債務信用危機。
This thesis looks into the European sovereign debt crisis from a perspective of the Mundell-Fleming trilemma. The European sovereign debt crisis refers to the problems of excessive fiscal deficits and government debt in Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy between 2009 and 2012 which, because of the adoption of common currency, the euro, rendered troubles of individual states to become a crisis of the entire eurozone. Many studies point to weak fiscal discipline as the main cause of the crisis, but a perspective of the Mundell-Fleming trilemma suggests the institutional design of the euro as a more fundamental factor. While one of the purposes for those states to participate in monetary integration was to enable the effective allocation of the capital so as to maximize the overall economic benefits, the achievement of “free flow of the capital” and “exchange rate stability” nevertheless takes as the expense “monetary policy autonomy,” which constrained how states could react when facing fiscal problems. This thesis first reviews the history of the euro, pointing out the background in which the eurozone realized a monetary union but failed to achieve effective fiscal integration. Second, the thesis analyzes the eruption of sovereign debt crisis in each of the five states, indicating how the lack of monetary autonomy prevented them from using depreciation as a policy instrument. The crises of individual member states ultimately called for the intervention of the Troika, i.e., the European Union, International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank. The thesis in the final part points out that the Troika not only put forth a series of emergency bail-out measures and reform packages for those states in need, but have also come to examine and address issues at the collective and institutional level, with the adoption of the “Fiscal Compact,” among others, as the means to tackle the crisis as well as prevent new ones from happening
馬來西亞在美-中南海主權爭議之立場分析：馬來西亞政經結構的研究觀點;Malaysia's Stand in South China Sea Sovereignty Disputes: A Research Perspective on Malaysia's Political and Economic structure
No full text[[abstract]]中國崛起後，南海主權問題日益重要。在各方申索國對於南海宣稱有個有其主權。馬來西亞在南海主權上是不同於其他申索國強烈譴責中國在南海爭端，相對的採取對中國保持溫和與美國也保持良好策略，尋求在南海主權爭端上最大的利益。馬來西亞的立場始終選擇中立，其原因在於政治、經濟、軍事上與國際社會政治有相互關連，尤其在國內政治環境下馬來西亞面臨種族、貧富等問題，也影響對美國與中國合作上的態度。先前首相馬哈迪時期對美國為假想敵到與現首相納與美國友好，其原因在於歐巴馬「重返亞太」可能帶來經濟利益以及在南海主權議題上能約制中國，馬來西亞政府一直保持美、中雙方平衡而中立。中國的「一帶一路」經濟策略，影響南海各國對中國有更大的妥協，未來中國與馬來西亞會有更多的合作。中國在南海仲裁後與馬來西亞有更多的軍事交流活動，馬來西亞也像中國軍備採購。隨著美國川普退出TTP後，採取「美國優先」政策，馬來西亞南海主權是否會更靠攏中國或是透過東協與中國採取更有利談判，未來的南海主權仍有眾多變數。
After the rise of China, the issue of sovereignty over the South China Sea is becoming increasingly important. In the parties to the South China Sea claims that there is a sovereign. Malaysia in the South China Sea sovereignty is different from other claiming countries strongly condemned China's dispute in the South China Sea, the relative to China to maintain a moderate and the United States also maintain a good strategy to seek the greatest interests in the South China Sea sovereignty dispute. Malaysia's position has always been neutral, due to political, economic and military relations with the international community politics, especially in the domestic political environment, Malaysia faces racial, rich and poor issues, but also affect the United States and China on the attitude of cooperation. Although Malaysia and China as early as May 31, 1974 established diplomatic relations, but the changes in the political environment throughout the impact of the entire South China Sea situation. The former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's United States for the hypothetical enemy and the United States and the United States friendly, the reason is that Obama "return to the Asia-Pacific" may bring economic benefits and sovereignty on the South China Sea can be restricted on China, the Malaysian government has maintained Each of the two sides is balanced and neutral. China's "all the way" economic strategy, affecting the South China Sea countries have a greater compromise on China, the future of China and Malaysia will have more cooperation. China has more military exchanges with Malaysia after the South China Sea arbitration, and Malaysia is also a member of China's arms procurement. With the withdrawal of TTP in the United States, to take the "US priority" policy, whether the Malaysian South China Sea sovereignty will be closer to China or through the ASEAN and China to take more favorable negotiations, the future of the South China Sea sovereignty is still a large number of variables
TRP模型之最適試驗配置;Optimal Design for Trend Renewal Process Model
No full text[[abstract]]由於現今產品的壽命越來越長，致使高可靠度產品在傳統的壽命試驗下不容易失效，此時我們透過觀測產品品質特徵值來進行衰變分析。然而在衰變試驗中，如何決定產品之最適樣本數以及最適試驗次數，使得產品壽命估計最為精準亦是相當重要之研究課題。本文首先介紹Lindqvist et al.$(2003)所提出的TRP(trend renewal process)模型，在產品觀測間隔時間為等距時，本文將採用TRP模型來處理衰變分析，並進一步探討其最適配置議題。最後，我們將套用雷射資料及金屬裂縫資料來進行實例分析，求出兩組資料之最適樣本數及最適試驗次數
右設限下資料下利用經驗概似比值法檢定雙樣本之比較;Two Sample Comparison Based on Empirical Likelihood Ratio Test for Right Censored Data
No full text[[abstract]]在生物醫學及臨床領域中，檢驗雙樣本存活曲線是一個常見的問題。在過去所有方法中，log rank test 為最常使用的方法，但是這個方法卻在兩條存活曲線交叉的情況下無法得到較好的檢定結果。此外，目前沒有一個方法可以適用於所有情況。因此，我們利用經驗概似比檢定方法的好性質，去延伸成其他的檢定方法。我們也建構幾種不同存活曲線的交叉情況，利用模擬實驗的方式，討論方法的檢定力及型I誤差，然後再將提出的方法和現存的方法一同比較，例如有 log rank test, Gehan-Wilcoxon test 和 Tarone-Ware test 等等。由模擬結果來看，我們發現當兩條存活曲線有兩個交叉點的情況下，使用經驗概似比延伸的檢定方法會比其他方法檢定力更高。除此之外，每個經驗概似比延伸的檢定方法也都具有適合的型I誤差。最後，我們應用所有的方法來分析兩筆醫學的資料作為實證分析。
It has been a common question for detecting two-sample survival curves in biomedical studies and clinical field. Among those proposed tests, the log rank test is the most popular approach. However, it fails to perform well under conditions of crossing survival functions. Moreover, there is no approach in the possession of preponderance for all situations in evidence. Therefore, we utilize the decent properties of empirical likelihood ratio to develop other methods. We also conduct several types of crossing survival curves and conduct the simulations to investigate the power and type I error rate. Then we compare the proposed approaches with some existing methods such as log rank test, Gehan-Wilcoxon test and Tarone-Ware test, etc. From simulations, we recommend EL-based method for two survival curves with two crossing points. The EL-based approaches are also possessed of adaptable type I error. Eventually, we analyze two medical data examples for illustrations
具寬截止頻帶之高諧波抑制低通濾波器及超寬頻與寬截止頻帶帶通濾波器;Design of the high attenuation low pass filter with wide stopband and ultra-wide bandpass filter with broad stopband
No full text[[abstract]]本論文分為兩個部分，第一部分為第三章，主要是介紹具寬截止頻帶之高諧波抑制低通濾波器，利用巴特沃茲濾波器設計公式得到低通濾波器雛形，選擇階數為 6 來達到高選擇性；而在頻帶外，在電路佈局上使用挖槽來達到頻帶外高諧波抑制的部分。另外，電磁模擬也和量測有很好的一致性。第四章則是超寬頻與寬截止頻帶帶通濾波器，首先使用兩段平行耦合線來達到濾波效果，再來加入一多模態諧振腔來使頻帶達到超寬頻；在頻帶外抑制的部分，吾人選擇使用雙路徑耦合線的結構來達到頻帶外抑制，進而實現寬截止頻帶。電路在模擬與量測皆有良好結果。
There are two part of this thesis had been presented. The first part is the design of the high attenuation low pass filter with wide stopband at chapter 3. In order to achieve high selectivity, choosing the six-order low pass filter prototype by using butterworth method. To achieve stopband rejection, using slot line is effective to generate extra transmission zeros. In the second part, we will introduce the ultra-wide bandpass filter with broad stopband at chapter 4. First, by using parallel-coupled line to achieve filtering and adding a muti-mode resonator to achieve ultra-wideband. To suppress the harmonic, choosing the two-path coupled line to achieve broad stopband
使用光體積變化描計圖的即時情緒辨識系統 - 不同的情緒向度效能;A Real-time Emotion Recognition System Based on Photoplethysmorgraphy – Effects of Different Emotion Dimensions
No full text[[abstract]]本論文目的在於建立一套基於智慧型手機的即時情緒辨識系統，藉由分析光體積變化描計圖(Photoplethysmogram；PPG)來辨識情緒。研究中辨識的情緒一共五種：平常狀態(一般不受刺激的情緒)、快樂、壓力、悲傷、生氣。受測者為十位男性與十位女性，使用的情緒刺激源為觀賞一段二至四分鐘的影片。研究前期先於Matlab驗證出較好的演算法，後期將前期研究的結果轉至Android平台以實現即時辨識的系統。本即時辨識系統是在Android平台上，藉由藍芽傳輸實現無線光體積變化描計圖的情緒辨識系統，Android平台的功能可分為訊號擷取、P點偵測、特徵計算、支持向量機(SVM)分類及辨識結果。本研究特別著重於探討不同情緒向度在情緒辨識的效果，探討的情緒向度為情緒向性（valence）和激發水準（arousal）。實驗結果顯示情緒向性可得到較好的分類，當使用基因演算法(GA)挑選最佳的特徵組合，並以SVM做為分類器，在將情緒以情緒向性分類成兩大類的情緒狀態，使用留一交叉驗證可得到91%的準確度。另外當使用二階段式分類法分辨五種情緒時，將兩個情緒向度的結果加入原來的特徵集中，正確率可從原先的62%提升至80%，大幅提升分辨多種情緒的正確率。
This paper aims to develop a real-time emotional states recognition system on smartphones, which analyzes Photoplethysmogram (PPG) for emotion recognition. There are five emotion states used in the study, including normal, happy, sad, stress, and anger. The participants include 10 male and 10 female students who watched video programs associated with different emotions of two to four minutes in length to stimulate distinct emotions.In the early stage of the research, Matlab was used to construct a superior algorithm. In the later stage of the research, the algorithm developed in the previous stage was transferred to the Android platform to achieve a real-time recognition system. The real-time emotion recognition system is developed on the Android platform. PPG signal is transmitted through Bluetooth wireless transmission. The functional blocks of the Android platform include signal capture, P-point detection, feature calculation, classification and result display on the screen.A total of 20 subject with equal number of male and female participated in the study. The PPG signal was segmented into 20-sec segment for emotional analysis. The study is focused on exploring the effects of different emotional dimension on recognition accuracy. Two emotional dimensions, valence and arousal, were considered in the study. In this study, the valence showed better discrimination power as genetic algorithms (GA) being applied to find the best feature set. And a high accuracy of 91% was achieved by Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with leave one person out Validation. For multiple emotion states recognition, adding the results of dimensional discrimination based on valence and arousal into the original feature set, the recognition rate can be boosted from 62% to 80%
基於視覺之活動追蹤與事件偵測及其在家居情境協尋忘失物件之應用;Vision-Based Activity Tracking and Event Detection to Locate Forgotten Objects at Home
No full text[[abstract]]近年來，由於電子資訊處理以及物聯網技術的長足進步，智慧家庭的概念於焉誕生，其目的是希望透過這些技術，提高人們生活的舒適性、便利性、與安全性。在智慧家庭的諸多發想中，其中一類重要的發想即是善用為居家安全所架設的攝影監控設備。本論文即是在此一方向上，針對一項居家常見的情境：用戶需要使用某件物品但卻忘記將其放置於家中何處，研擬出一套輔助機制，追蹤用戶是否曾經使用某樣物品並將其擺放至何處，並紀錄用戶對此物件的拿取情形，以提供用戶關於忘失物品的可能位置。本論文的主要貢獻，在於透過影像處理的技術，追蹤目標用戶同時偵測物件；另一方面也透過相機校正，將原本平面影像訊息轉換成更貼近實際場景後，然後進行用戶是否接觸物件、以及物品可能位置之分析。最後，針對物品在攝像時遭遇屏蔽的狀況，本論文亦提出了一個機器學習的機制，基於過去的用戶與物品互動的狀況，預測物品可能的擺放位置。實驗顯示，在模擬監視器角度拍攝室內日常生活影片中，本論文所提出的系統，已經確實展現了提供用戶忘失物品位置的功能。
Recently, the advancement of electronic information processing and inter-networking technologies have fostered the concept of intelligent home. Among many initiatives that have been brought up for intelligent home, an important one is to exploit the cameras that were already deployed for home security. Along this line, we propose to utilize these cameras to help user locate missing objects at home. Algorithms are proposed to establish the geographical relation between the user and the object, and to record the potential locations based on calibrated coordinates. For the cases where the object is blocked from video recording, we also propose to predict the potential locations using the on-line learning technique. Experimental results on a prototype recording demonstrate that the proposed system satisfactorily fulfills the purpose of providing potential locations of missing objects
自主式六足滾動機器人之開發;Development of Autonomous Hexapod Rolling Robot
No full text[[abstract]]本論文所建造之機器人為六足型的滾動機器人，這個機器人的中心為一個立體正六邊形，總共有六隻向外伸出的支架，每隻支架上面都安裝著一個伺服馬達，馬達上面都配備著類似圓弧形的外殼，藉由馬達的轉動，使外殼對地面生成一股作用力來產生自轉，來帶動機器人前進，較大的外殼可以使機器人跟地面的接觸面積更大，使馬達對地面產生較大的作用力，也讓機器人在移動或者靜止的時候更為穩定。因為電池本身較重的重量的關係，我們利用這個特點，把電池安裝在第七個伺服馬達上面並且設置在機器人的中心，藉由左右擺動電池來調整機器人的重心，讓機器人的整體重量偏向左邊或者右邊，使機器人可以往某一邊傾斜，來達到轉彎的效果。我們為這個機器人設計了一個閉迴路的控制系統，藉由機器人上面的姿態感測器所回傳的資訊，機器人便可以得知在旋轉的時候，哪兩個面是朝向下方的，如果在旋轉的過程中有外力的阻擋使機器人旋轉失敗，本機器人就可以藉由這個閉迴路控制系統，讓機器人可以持續運轉。我們利用樹梅派來控制機器人，再透過無線網路把樹梅派連接上使用者的行動裝置，我們就可以控制機器人的移動，這樣一來本機器人便可以在許多環境中運作，使我們朝向智慧生活的未來又邁進了一步。
We build a Hexapod Rolling Robot in this thesis. The center of the robot is a hexagon and it totally has six stretched out feet. Every stretch out foot has a servo motor on it. We install an exterior shell at the end of every stretch out foot. The robot will generate a force to the ground when the servo motor rotates. Then the robot will rotate and move forward. The exterior shell can enhance the touching area between the robot and the ground, which can let the robot more stable when either it is moving or it is stopping.We install the battery on a servo motor at the center of the robot. We change the robot’s direction by changing the position of the robot’s center of gravity. When the servo motor is rotating, because of the heavy weight of the battery, the robot’s center of gravity will change; so the robot will turn left or right. We use this special characteristic to control the robot’s direction.We design a closed loop control system for this robot. The robot can know which two sides of the robot are touching the ground right now by using the attitude sensor on it. If there are any forces trying to interrupt the robot when it is rotating, this robot can continue to work by this close loop system.We use the Raspberry Pi to control the robot. We use our mobile device to control the robot through Wi-Fi. That means that this robot can work in many different environments and makes us move a step forward to the smart life
基於T-S模糊控制之永磁同步發電機與雙向充放電器系統開發;Development of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator and Bidirectional Charger/Discharger System Based on T-S Fuzzy Control
No full text[[abstract]]本論文旨在利用T-S模糊控制法開發雙向充放電器與永磁同步發電機驅動器系統。利用解模糊化過程、平行分佈補償(PDC)設計、Lyapunov穩定度分析以及LMI(Linear Matrix Inequality)數值分析求解來實踐T-S模糊控制法設計。發電機的三相電流經由整流器轉成穩定的380V直流電接入直流鏈，與雙向充放電器的高壓側連接，再將雙向充放電器的低壓側接入鋰鐵電池。當發電機供至直流端負載能量有多餘時，雙向充放電器操作在降壓模式對鋰鐵電池以定電流方式充電；若發電機供至直流端負載能量不足時，雙向充放電器則操作在升壓模式，即鋰鐵電池放電。實測中以發電機在不同的轉速及電流命命下，改變輸出功率；以雙向充放電器因負載變動以及電流命令改變下，均能達到所設定的目標值，來達成系統性能之驗證。
The main purpose of this thesis is to develop the bidirectional charger/discharger and permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) drive system based on T-S fuzzy control. The design of T-S fuzzy control is accomplished via defuzzification, parallel distributed compensation (PDC), Lyapunov stability analysis and Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) numerical analysis. The three-phase current of the PMSG is converted to a stable 380V DC voltage and connected to the DC bus. The DC bus is connected to the high voltage side of the bidirectional charger/discharger. The Lithium-iron battery is connected to the low voltage side of the bidirectional charger/discharger. When the output power of the PMSG is larger than the DC loads, the bidirectional charger/discharger is operated at buck mode to charge the Lithium-iron battery under constant current mode. When the output power of the PMSG is smaller than the DC loads, the bidirectional charger/discharger is operated at boost mode to transfer energy to the DC bus. In experimental results, the output power of the PMSG is changed under variable speed and current command. The desired value are achieved by the bidirectional charger/discharger under load variation and current command variation to validate the performance of the system