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酵素薄膜之潤濕梯度微接觸印刷製程可行性研究;
No full text[[abstract]]本論文研究的目的是希望能將微接觸印刷（micro-contact printing，μCP）技術做擴展，從目前的光電應用擴展到生物感測。本論文利用微接觸印刷的方法結合潤濕梯度的原理使類酵素溶液（沒有酵素，但流體行為類似酵素的溶液，由台欣生物科技研發股份有限公司提供）在塗佈時就能產生圖案化的薄膜，再將其轉印至所需要的基板上。這不只使微接觸印刷有更多的應用，也能減少酵素材料的浪費。本論文會對潤濕梯度圖案化工作原理做推導，並且解釋在不同情況下液體移動的情形。接著藉由計算液體體積去估測潤濕梯度圖案化結果的面積大小。由於圖案化薄膜很薄，易受揮發的影響，因此在提拉塗佈的部份也會將揮發的問題考慮進去，並且探討揮發對提拉塗佈的影響。 在圖案化上墨的實驗中會遇到圖案無法成膜、圖案變形與圖案大小不一的問題，經過提拉速度與環境濕度的控制後已經可以達到較穩定的塗佈。在圖案化薄膜轉印的實驗中可以成功將圖案化薄膜轉印至玻璃，但是在轉印至碳墨基板時會遇到碳墨基板不平的問題造成轉印困難。碳墨基板經過表面平坦化後有明顯改善，不過只能達到將部份薄膜轉印至碳墨基板的結果。目前此技術在聚二甲基矽氧烷（Polydimethylsiloxane，PDMS）印模上利用 UV Ozone Cleaner（UVO）處理所產生的潤濕梯度表面已經能夠成功塗佈直徑為 2.2 mm的圓形圖案化薄膜，並且成功的轉印至玻璃基板上，圖案的完整性也達到 90% 以上。中文關鍵字 : 潤濕梯度、酵素、微接觸印刷
The purpose of this paper is to extend the microcontact printing technology from the optoelectronics to the biosensors. This paper uses microcontact printing technology combined with the principle of wetting gradient to produce patterned films from enzyme-like solution (no enzyme, but fluid behavior is similar to enzymes) and subsequently transfer the films to the substrate of interest. This not only extends application scope of the microcontact printing but also reduces the waste of expensive enzyme materials. This paper will derive the principle of wetting gradient patterning. And explains the movement of the liquid in different situations. The size of the patterned area is estimated by calculating the volume of the liquid. Since the patterned thin film is easily affected by evaporation. So it will take into account the evaporable issues, and explore the impact of evaporation on the dip coating. In the experiment will encounter the pattern can not be film, pattern deformation and pattern size of the problem. After pulling speed and environmental humidity control has been able to achieve a more stable coating. In the experiment of patterned film transfer, the patterned film can be successfully transferred to glass. But in the transfer to the carbon substrate will encounter the problem of uneven substrate lead to transfer failure. Surface of the carbon substrate after planarizing significantly improved. But only the part of the film transfer to the carbon substrate. At present, this technology has successfully coated a circular patterned films with a diameter of 2.2 mm which successfully been transferred onto a glass substrate. The area ratio between printing result and coating result has reached more than 90%.Keywords : Wetting gradient, Enzyme, Microcontact printin
DLP積層製造光罩補償之研究;The Research on Mask Compensations for DLP Additive Manufacturing
No full text[[abstract]]近幾年科技的日新月異，電腦技術的發展運用在積層製造上已有多年，在製造領域面越來越被廣泛的利用。其中優點在於可簡化生產複雜的工件，並且不須額外的鑄模程序，大幅縮短了產品設計的時間與成本。設計者使用電腦軟體設計物件模型，經過切層製造軟體輸出檔案後，再將其檔案輸入至機台上，就可直接生產所設計物件。此生產過程方便於設計或修改模型，因此能因應於各領域快速開發成型之需求。 本文重點著重在於發展一個積層製造軟體，適用於DLP (Digital Light Processing)製造形式之3D列印機。DLP技術屬於積層製造中，精度較高的一種製造成形模式。其生產步驟為先使用CAD軟體設計物件模型，經過積層製造軟體進行切層處理，再由3D的實體模型轉換成2D輪廓，進一步轉換成光罩，最後輸入至DLP形式之3D列印機台進行物件成形列印。 設計之模型是由許多三角網格於物件表面構成，因此模型之網格密集程度會直接影響產品的精度，當模型之網格越集中密集時，所列印出之產品精度越接近於原本設計之模型。研究利用光罩的補償進行列印成形物件尺寸不足的部分，而DLP機台所讀入之檔案為圖檔進行列印，本研究也利用像素不同灰階值處理進行物件列印分析，可使物件邊緣較平滑。 本文中，方形5*5、10*10、15*15、20*20、25*25(mm)這五種平均尺寸誤差百分比降低約1.5%。在中空物件中，以20*20mm物件進行近一步討論，尺寸誤差降低約2%。而在物件邊緣平滑度上，平均Ra.值約降低1.2um。
In recent years, science and technology changes rapidly, the development of computer technology has been used in the manufacture for many years. In the manufacturing sector is increasingly widely used. The advantage is that it simplifies the production of complex workpieces, and no additional molds are required, greatly reducing the time and cost of product design. Designers use computer software to design object models, after the software output image file, and then enter the image file to the machine can directly produce the design of objects. This production process facilitates the design or modification of the model and is therefore responsive to in all areas the rapid development of molding requirements.This research focuses on the development of additive manufacturing software, suitable for DLP (Digital Light Processing) manufacturing of the 3D printer. DLP technology belongs to the additive manufacturing, the higher precision of a manufacturing forming mode. The first step for the production processes is using of CAD software design object model, through the additive manufacturing software for layering. The second step is by the 3D solid model into a two-dimensional profile and further converted into a mask. The final step is input to the DLP form of the 3D printing machine for object forming print.The design of the model is composed of many triangular meshes on the surface of the object, so the grid density of the model will directly affect the accuracy of the product. When the grid of the model is denser, the precision of the printed products is closer to the original design the model. In this research, we use the compensation of the mask to print the missing parts of the forming object, and the files read by the DLP machine are printed for the picture file. This study also uses pixel different gray value processing for object printing analysis, can make the object edge smoother. In this research, the five average dimension error percentages of the square 5 * 5, 10 * 10, 15 * 15, 20 * 20, 25 * 25 (mm) are reduced by about 1.5%. In the hollow object, the 20 * 20 mm object is discussed in detail, and the dimensional error is reduced by about 2%. In the edge smoothness of the object, the Ra. value is reduced by about 1.2um
快速影像處理技術應用放射治療之呼吸調控;Fast Image Processing Applied to Respiratory Gated Radiotherapy
No full text[[abstract]]本論文的目的是開發一套利用快速影像處理技術應用於放射治療之呼吸調控系統，解決傳統放射治療只能透過外部資訊來預測腫瘤位置的不確定性。並且取得醫師的治療規劃檔案與重建的三維模型製作出放射治療模擬流程。透過此模擬流程可進行教育訓練和讓病患更加了解治療流程。本論文利用Marching Square演算法快速將萃取出橫膈膜輪廓，利用不同時間的橫膈膜輪廓製作成欲照射的範圍區間，再透過FAST角點偵測方法來判斷於虛擬X-ray影像上即時萃取出的橫膈膜是否進入照射範圍，經由以上方法進行即時的呼吸追蹤。4D CT影像上先用適應性區域成長法萃取出的腫瘤影像，透過Marching Cubes重建成三維模型，進一步加上骨頭、皮膚等模型，然後搭配上醫師的治療規劃檔案模擬出放射治療流程。
In this research, we develop respiratory gated radiotherapy system by fast image processing for solving the tumor position uncertainty that is caused by external information. This system simulates the radiotherapy based on the DICOM-RT information and 3D model. In this study, through the Marching Square algorithm, the user can extract diaphragm contour at the instant, and generate the radioactive range by the different time of diaphragm contour in our system. Finally, using FAST algorithm allows us to determine whether the diaphragm contour extracted from the visual X-ray image is in the radioactive range. We can use the Marching Cubes algorithm to reconstruct the 3D model of tumor extracted by adaptive region growing from the 4D CT images. More information such as the bone, the skin model and DICOM-RT can be information provided by the doctor for simulating the complete radiotherapy
三維結構光於金屬物體掃描之研究;Structured-light 3D Scanner of Metal Objects Measurement
No full text[[abstract]]本研究目的在於發展出一種能對金屬等高反射率材質物體進行三維重建，ㄧ般常見的結構光掃描系統對於高反射率物體的量測容易受反光影響，造成掃描資料缺損及量測精度下降，因此本文結合曝光值補償、三維資訊處理技術與雙相機系統，希望利用改變曝光值的方法計算出亮度過低區域部分的三維資訊，再根據表面資訊的特徵將重建錯誤的資訊與雜訊刪除，達到去除反光造成的錯誤資訊、保留正確的表面資訊的效果，接著利用不同相機視角將反光造成缺失的資訊彼此補齊。根據本研究的實驗結果，本論文所提出的方法能解決結構光掃描會因為物體反光而無法重建表面資訊的問題，且有效去除因反光產生的三維雜訊點。
As a structured-light 3D scanner can reconstruct the three-dimensional shape of an object efficiently, scanning deficiencies are commonly seen for objects with high reflective surface. Light been reflected away and reflected right into the camera will make the dynamic range of the camera exceeded and cause the failure of reconstruction. To resolve this problem, this study applied two cameras with multiple exposure times to capture the structured-light images. The noise caused by the reflectivity was also removed. The performance of the proposed system is compared with the conventional structured-light system, as well as with the reconstruction method using high-dynamic-range imaging technique. Comparisons show that the proposed system is an effective scanning method for metals with severely reflective surface
線性軸六自由度幾何誤差量測系統之設計與驗證;Design and verification of six degree-of-freedom geometric errors measurement system for linear axis
No full text[[abstract]]目前用於線性軸的幾何誤差量測技術中，市面上多朝向能同時量測多個自由度誤差為目標開發新的量測系統，較常見的工具機誤差量測系統為雷射干涉儀，但其單次架設只能對單一幾何誤差做量測，如此要量測多個自由度誤差所耗費的時間過長，而最新市面上可同時量測長行程線性軸多自由度誤差的系統其價格也都非常昂貴，無法為一般人所使用，為改善此現況，本論文設計了一能同時量測長行程線性軸多個自由度誤差的量測系統，以期能達到降低系統的製作成本與同時量測多個幾何誤差的功效。整體量測架構在幾何光學的基礎上，結合雷射干涉儀與特殊的透鏡組，利用反射次數調整和透鏡焦距不同的特性建立多條提升光束偏擺光路於此量測系統，其組成包含一干涉儀雷射源、干涉儀定位鏡組、一個反射鏡、兩個分光鏡、兩個五角稜鏡、一個角隅稜鏡與八個雙凸透鏡和三個二維位置感測器。文中將以Zemax光學模擬軟體與Matlab數學軟體對此量測系統進行模擬結構與數學模型兩方面的分析，再實際建立此量測系統對線性軸做量測，並將結果與雷射干涉儀進行比對，驗證此量測系統實際應用於線性軸誤差量測之效果。
In this paper, a new kind of non-contact optical measurement system for six-degree-of freedom error measurement of linear axis of machine tools was presented. The measurement system can simultaneously measure six-degree-of freedom error and has low cost advantage, and the commercial parts of optical measurement instruments can only measure one error with one set up and it’s expensive. The proposed measurement system is constituted of a laser sources, three two-dimensional position sensitive detectors, one planar mirrors, two beamsplitters, eight lens, two penta prisms and a corner cube. For applying the basic physical optics theory and methods of skew-ray tracing to the principle of measurement, the measurement system model was implemented by using the ZEMAX optical design software and matlab software to established the architecture of the system.To implement the system, we will verify the feasibility of the proposed system with qualitative and quantitative analysis respectively. The qualitative analysis is to observe the characteristics and trends of the system, and the quantitative analysis is using the skew ray-tracing method to derive the actual laser light transfer within the proposed measurement system. After finish those analysis, we will erect the measurement system, and compare the performance of this system with a laser interferometer
中越南海主權爭議中的美國因素：以結構現實主義作為切入點的視角(2001-2014);The U.S. Factors in the Sino-Vietnamese South China Sea Sovereignty Dispute: A Perspective of Structural Realism (2001-2014)
No full text[[abstract]]美中關係是21世紀最複雜，也最重要的雙邊關係，兩國之間的互動，將決定世界的走向，特別是在亞洲地區，隨著近年來中國國力的提升，以美國為主的亞洲權力板塊開始重新洗牌。這不僅造成中國周邊國家的擔憂，也造成美國本身的顧忌，以至於美國相繼提出了「重返亞洲」與「亞洲再平衡」等政策因應，藉以提升其在此地區的存在感，並同時鞏固其在此地區的地位。 近期，南海爭端再起波瀾。2014年5月發生的中越「海洋石油981」事件不僅引發了雙方船艦的多次碰撞，還造成了越南國內史上規模最大的排華行動，表面上看起來雖然是中國與越南之間的島嶼主權爭端，但背後其實是中國與美國之間的權力角力。在此事件中，中美之間的競爭關係除了體現在強化各自的軍事與經濟實力之外，還體現在與該地區周邊國家的合作上，越南因此成了美中雙方戰略博奕的支點，形成了一股彼此制約的力量。一方面美國期望藉由與越南的軍事合作遏制中國的崛起，另一方面中國則期望藉由與越南發展友好關係來排除美國的介入，但無論中、美雙方如何與越南互動，彼此的行為仍均受到國際結構的制約，以至於中美雙方在南海呈現出如結構現實主義般的競合關係，即為了避免發生直接的衝突，傾向於採取有限度的合作。 有鑒於中美雙方在尋求權力平衡的路上有可能因為誤判而產生衝突，本文將試圖利用結構現實主義的理論架構作為切入點，來分析中越南海981事件中的美國因素，藉以釐清中、美、越三方在南海的立場與角色。
US-China relations are the most complex and important bilateral relations in the 21st century. The interaction between the two countries will determine the direction of the world, especially in the Asian region. With the rise of China's national strength in recent years, the balance of power in the west began to re-shuffle. This is not only a cause of concern in China's neighboring countries, but also caused the United States itself scruples, so that the United States have put forward the "return to Asia" and "Asian rebalancing" and other policy response, in order to enhance its presence in this region, and at the same time its position in this region. Recently, the South China Sea dispute renewed waves. The Sino-Vietnamese "Offshore Oil 981" incident in May 2014 not only triggered a number of collisions between the two ships, but also created the largest anti-Chinese action in Vietnam's history. Appearing to be an island sovereignty dispute between China and Vietnam , in fact the wrestling of power between China and the United States. In this event, nations embody in strengthening their respective military and economic strength, but also reflected in the cooperation with the neighboring countries of the region. In this case, Vietnam has become the US and Chinese strategic game of the fulcrum. On the other hand, China hopes to eliminate the involvement of the United States by developing friendly relations with Vietnam. But no matter how the two sides interact with Vietnam, they tend to take limited cooperation. In view of the conflict between China and the United States on the way of seeking power balance, author try to analyze the US factors in the 981 incident in the Sino-Vietnamese Sea in structural realism theory so as to clarify the differences between China, the United States and Vietnam in the South China Sea Position and role
方向y壓力梯度達西流流經崎嶇通道;Darcy Flow Through a Bumpy Channel due to the Y-direction Pressure Gradient
No full text[[abstract]]研究了通過具有顛簸壁的通道夾帶多孔介質由方向y壓力梯度引起的流動。 該問題模擬微流體，其中由於通道寬度較小，板子的表面粗糙度被放大。 我們使用擾動方法來求解達西方程。 一階擾動解決方案給出了波動的三維速度反應，二次擾動解決方案由於粗糙度而增加了阻力。 我們的解決方案給出了多孔崎嶇通道的流量或相反的阻力。
The forced flow due to the y-direction pressure gradient through a channel with bumpy walls which sandwich a porous medium is studied. The problem models micro-fluidics where, due to the small size of the channel width, the surface roughness of the walls is amplified. We use perturbation method to solve the Darcy equation. The first-order perturbation solutions give the three-dimensional velocity effects of the bumpiness and the second-order perturbation solutions give the increased resistance due to the roughness. Our solutions give the flow rate, or inversely the resistance, of the porous bumpy channel
二項式迴歸樹的切割方法;
No full text[[abstract]]我們使用傳統二項式迴歸模型分析資料時，當反應變數發生過度分散或過度集中的情況會產生迴歸模型配適不佳的問題，對於使用傳統二項式迴歸模型配適節點中的資料之迴歸樹而言，可能會導致其選取正確切割變數的能力受到影響。本研究即尋找在二項式迴歸樹 (binomial regression tree) 下，針對反應變數具有過度分散或過度集中之特徵提出一個提升正確切割變數選取能力的方法。本研究方法利用 Zero Inflated 二項式迴歸模型 (Hall(2000)) 之 score residuals 獲得各參數及各觀察值相對應的殘差，接著利用 Loh(2009) 所提出之切割變數及切割點選取方法，建構成本研究方法。我們經過模擬實驗發現本研究方法比Zeileis et al.(2008) 所提出的 MOB 方法具有較佳的選取正確切割變數能力。經由實務資料亦佐證了本研究方法確實擁有較好的正確變數選取能力
從認知社會語言學分析漢語分類詞之語意變異;A Cognitive Sociolinguistic Study on Semantic Variation in Chinese Classifiers
No full text[[abstract]]分類詞(classifier)是漢語中的一大特色，同時也是人們分類事物的認知機制。然而，過去對於分類詞的社會變異研究關注不多，有鑑於此，本文結合了認知以及社會語言學研究，試圖分析「輛、部、台」以及「個、顆、粒」的使用變異。就內在因素而言，依屬性結構(Pustejovsky, 1995)將語意進行分類，再經由羅吉斯迴歸找出影響語言使用差異的最佳因子。其次，在探究外在因素方面，主要可分成三個部分，第一部分使用「快速匿名觀察」法，比較「輛、部、台」在不同等級之汽車展售場及「個、顆、粒」在超市和傳統市場的使用差異。第二階段的參與者為40位童軍團成員，目的在探討年齡、性別、使用台語頻率與分類詞之間的關係。第三階段的語言態度研究旨在了解大學生對於不同分類詞使用的評價，同時探討造成語言變異的可能成因。語言內部變異的研究結果如下：「輛」較常使用於四輪以上及非個人使用目的之車輛。其次，「部」和「台」主要突顯車輛之外觀及用途。就「個、顆、粒」而言，雖然物體大小是決定這組分類詞的關鍵，但「顆」的語意有擴大趨勢，因而間接提高了其使用頻率。在社會成因方面，第一階段的研究顯示，銷售員普遍不使用「輛」，而中等價位車商之年長男性銷售員傾向使用「部」，「台」則較受高價位以及二手車商之年輕女性銷售員青睞。另外，「個」常見於超市中的年長女性，傳統市場中的年輕族群則偏好「粒」而男性則喜愛「顆」。第二階段的研究發現，年長女性且工作中不常使用閩南語者偏好「輛」；工作中經常使用閩南語之男性常選擇「部」;在家經常使用閩南語之年輕人則會使用「台」。至於「個、顆、粒」，工作中經常使用閩南語之男性偏好「個」；年輕女性較青睞「顆」；在家偶爾使用閩南語之男性會用「粒」。第三階段的研究顯示，性別以及居住地區對於分類詞的選擇有顯著性差異。台北人認為「輛」的使用最佳，而高雄人傾向「台」；女性偏好「個」而男性則喜愛「顆」。本研究結果不但說明了分類詞的使用非任意，而是依循認知模式的選擇，更重要的是，此研究反映了分類詞在當前台灣社會的使用情況。
Classifier is one of the most striking features of Mandarin Chinese, and it is also one of the devices that show human categorization. However, little attention has been paid to the classifier variations and their uses in the society. This work addressed the lacuna by investigating two classifier sets: “liang (輛), bu (部),tai (台)” and “ge (個), ke (顆), li (粒)” using cognitive and variationist sociolinguistic analyses. For internal factors, Qualia structure (Pustejovsky, 1995) was adopted to classify the semantics, and finally identified the best influential factors through the logistic regression analyses. For the internal factors, first, rapid and anonymous observation was applied to investigate to see how car dealers and market shoppers use classifiers. Second, forty scout members were recruited to examine how gender, age, and Southern Min frequency affect the use of classifiers. Third, the language attitude survey was meant to understand how college students evaluate the classifiers, and tries to find out the possible reasons for the variation. The findings of internal factors are as follows. Liang (輛) is used for four-wheeled or non-personal use vehicles; bu (部) and tai (台) highlight the appearance and function of the vehicles. Though the object size is a critical factor for “ge (個), ke (顆), li (粒)”, the semantic expansion in ke (顆) makes it have higher usage frequency. For external factors, it found that liang (輛) is not used by car sales; bu (部) is preferred by middle ranking, senior males while tai (台) is popular among young females in higher ranking and used car dealers. In addition, ge (個) is used by senior females in the supermarket. Young people in the traditional markets tend to use li (粒) while males like ke (顆). For the sociolinguistic interviews, liang (輛) is favored by senior females who use Southern Min at work once a while. Males who use Southern Min often at work would use bu(部). Young people who use Southern Min often at home tend to choose tai (台). ge (個) is used for males who often use Southern Min often at work while young females prefers ke (顆). Males who rarely use Southern Min at home would choose li (粒).Finally, gender and residential area have influential impact on the use of classifiers. Taipei residents prefer liang (輛) while Kaohsiung favor tai (台). Females like the use of ge (個) while males favor ke (顆). The results demonstrated that the use of Chinese classifier is not arbitrary, but instead follow cognitive-based categories. More importantly, it reflects the classifier uses in contemporary Taiwan society
多重代理人模擬於交叉路口中行人動態與人車互動影響之研究;A Multiagent Approach to Pedestrian Movement and Pedestrian-Vehicle Interaction
No full text[[abstract]]代理人模擬系統是一個利用代理人特性來建構出擁有自主行為的多樣化獨立個體，並使這些個體在建構好的模擬環境中活動、互相交換資訊、互相影響，以模擬並呈現出各種特定的情境與現象。在都市交通領域中，交叉路口為最主要的交通交會區，充滿了各種碰撞衝突與互動的動態交通狀況與現象，而使用代理人模擬可以模擬出這些複雜且動態化的交通環境，以提供使用者觀察並記錄下模擬的過程，並針對特定交通現象來制定出更完善的對應方式。本研究利用了代理人自主化的個體模型來建構在交叉路口中行人與車輛的相關行為模型，包含行人的路徑選擇、變換行人穿越道、人群動態行為，以及車輛的碰撞衝突分析，並且針對人車在行人穿越道上的互動狀況建構了行人的來車分析與車輛的行人通行偵測的互動模型。透過模擬系統的使用，來實作本研究中的行為模型，驗證並模擬出行人與車輛代理人對於這些行為模型而產生的動態變化，以呈現出行人與車輛在交叉路口中的動態與互動情況以及其產生的影響。
An agent simulation system uses agent characteristics to build a variety of independent behavior with independent entities, and these individual agents in the constructed simulation environment perform activities, exchange information, and influence each other to simulate and present a variety of specific situations and phenomena. In urban transportation, the intersection is the most important traffic interaction area, full of dynamic traffic conditions and phenomena, and the application of agent simulation can simulate this complex and dynamic traffic environment to provide the user to observe and record the simulation process. In this research, the individual model of agent is used to construct the related behavior model of pedestrian and vehicle in the intersection, which includes pedestrian path selection, pedestrian crossing, crowd dynamic behavior, vehicle collision analysis, and the interaction between pedestrians and vehicles. Through the use of simulation system, the behavioral model from the domain research is implemented to verify the activities of pedestrian and vehicle agents to show the interaction of pedestrians and vehicles at intersections as well as its impact