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長期追蹤資料下模型選擇之不同估計法的比較;
No full text[[abstract]]群集長期追蹤資料 (cluster longitudinal data) 是一種在很多領域當中常看見的資料類型，但是這種資料常常存在複雜的相關結構，故分析資料時，常使用 Liang and Zeger (1986) 提出的廣義估計方程式 (Generalized estimating equations ，簡稱GEE )。 如何選擇一個正確的模型，是研究者需要重視的一個課題。由於群集長期追蹤資料會出現有遺失值的情況，所以我們利用 Shen and Chen (2012) 提出的選模指標 MLIC (Missing Longitudinal Information Criterion) 來處理反應變數有遺失之群集長期追蹤資料的模型選擇問題。在本文中我們探討在反應變數有缺失時，三種不同估計法 (泰勒展開式、資料擾動法、拔靴法) 下的 MLIC 之選模表現。根據模擬結果發現，我們建議當反應變數有缺失時，利用拔靴法估計 MLIC 之選模結果，較為穩健並且我們將這個方法應用到青年關於哮喘的實例分析上
以視覺辨識為基礎之停車場車位偵測;A Visual Recognition-Based Detection of Parking Slots
No full text[[abstract]]本論文提出以視覺為基礎的停車位偵測的設計及驗證，對於天候(日間、夜間)搭配多種不同停車場景之挑戰，我們的演算法採用了動態興趣區間可隨著行車狀況自動調整區間位置，方便適應不同場景之計算；而對於不同光線停車場景的挑戰，我們也採用不同的邊緣與雜訊過濾法，在畫面複雜之場景可去除更多多餘雜訊以利計算。本論文更整合了多種靜態偵測停車格偵測系統與改良之車道線偵測系統，建立實時動態偵測。於車體前方10至20公尺範圍內，車速限制20km/h之下，利用偵測所得之左、右車道主線，將其向外延伸，設置動態ROI位置後，配合視覺上的物理材質、車體陰影、T字圖像比對計算，以達到更高的準確度。本演算法實作於Visual Studio 2010，採用解析度1280×720之HD影像輸入，在此解析度下，視覺停車位偵測的處理效能可達到每秒30張。而實驗數據統計顯示，在停車偵測系統在日間的偵測率可以達到將近82%的準確度；但是停車偵測系統在夜間卻只能達到75%的偵測率，畢竟夜間的場景路燈的位置還是影響很多的。
This thesis proposed the design, and verification of Visual Recognition-Based Detection of Parking Slots (VBDS), which could be a new function of Advance Driver Assistance System (ADAS). Dynamic ROI is adopted to reduce the effect of various weather conditions. Adaptive Canny filter is also adopted to conquer the effect of some tough parking scenes. The proposed algorithm integrated variety of static parking detection methods and also combined an improved Lane Detection System(LDS) for parking scenes to establish a real-time detection. Within the range of 10 to 20 meters in front of the vehicles and driving speed 20km/h, by using the result of LDS, we found two main guideline, and setting dynamic ROI of both side. With the calculation of texture, shadow of vehicles, and T-shape template matching, we can achieve a good accuracy of experiment result. The proposed system is implemented on Visual Studio 2010, adopted an input video, which resolution is 1280×720 (HD).In this resolution, the performance of the proposed VBDS can achieve 30fps. Experiment shows that accuracy of the proposed VBDS is almost 82% at day-case. However the accuracy can only reach 75% at night-case due to the lights position of scenes
帶通濾波天線之精確設計;Accurate Design of Bandpass Filtering Antennas
No full text[[abstract]]本論文提出一改良的帶通濾波天線之精確設計方法，與舊有的方法相比更能夠準確的計算出各項設計參數，並且其理想的濾波天線響應也與相同規格下的理想濾波器較為貼近。本論文所介紹之濾波天線設計方法，其設計邏輯為將濾波器的最末端共器以天線取代，故所採用的天線特性需為單一並聯/串聯諧振特性(即一組LC)，因此由多組諧振點所形成頻率響應的寬頻天線，並不適合用於本論文的濾波天線設計。並且分別使用了設計濾波器時常使用的「基於阻抗/導納反轉器設計法」與「耦合共振器設計法」進行濾波天線的設計與實作。同時，也分別針對最末端共振器有無修正的情況下進行設計，以觀察其效應並加以討論與修正。再者，為驗證此改良之濾波天線設計方法的通用性，因此本論文分別選擇了倒L型天線、PIFA天線、槽孔天線與貼片天線，四種單一並聯/串聯諧振特性的天線來進行設計。以觀察是否皆能使用此設計方法成功設計並實作，或是此設計方法會受到其他因素的限制。
In this thesis, an improved accurate design method of bandpass filtering antenna is proposed. The design parameters can be more accurately calculated by using this improved approach. As a result, the frequency response of the proposed filtering antenna coincides very well with the ideal one under the same specifcication. Among the filtenna designed based on the proposed approach, the antenna structure plays not only the role of a radiator but also the role of the last end resonator accompanied with the quarter-wave resonator. In the other words, it is demanded that the equivalent circuit of the utilize antenna must be purely shunt or series resonant circuit. Hence, the broadband antenna whose response possesses plural resonances is not suitable to be utilized in designing the filtenna based on the proposed approach. Both “filters design approach based on inverters” and “coupled-resonator filter design approach” are respectively employed in developing several types of filtering antenna. Furthermore, the imperfect effects caused by the parasitics embedded in the antenna are carefully discussed. The corrected antennas are utilized in the filtering antenna design and the resultant filtenna performances are well-predicted.To verify the generality of this co-design method of bandpass filtering antenna, the inverted-L antenna, PIFA antenna, slot antenna and patch antenna are used to design filtering antennas. In the various design examples, the feasibility and the limitation of the proposed approach are carefully investigated
考慮頻率穩定度及經濟調度之智慧型離島防禦系統研究;Study on the Intelligent Defense Mechanism for Offshore Island Power Systems by considering Frequency Stability and Economic Dispatch
No full text[[abstract]]隨著再生能源的發展，離島電力系統中再生能源的發電占比越來越高，從而加劇了頻率穩定度的挑戰。本研究為離岸島嶼電力系統開發了一套具低頻預防控制策略的智慧型離島防禦系統，其基於預測未來一個小時後可能的系統運行狀態，並應用類神經預測技術，針對系統進行即時校正。所開發的低頻預防控制系統是基於淨負載預測來評估系統的彈性，進而對系統的機組調度進行可能的事先調整；並提供低頻預防控制策略，即時採取修正措施，以確保系統穩定運轉。提出的修正措施包含增加柴油發電機發電數量、實施需量反應、使用儲能系統、或是降低發電成本的經濟調度策略。與傳統離島系統機組排程相比，本文提出的方法可以兼顧離島電力系統的頻率穩定度與經濟效益。
With the development of renewable energy, the penetration of renewable energy in island power systems is increasing, which bring a huge challenge on frequency stability. This work develops an under-frequency preventive control strategy for offshore island power systems that are based on the prediction of possible system operating status for the next hour and the application of Artificial Neural Networks forecasting techniques to immediately adjust unit scheduling of the system. The developed preventive control system evaluates system flexibility based on a forecast of net load, and then the unit scheduling can be adjusted in advance; it also provides a low-frequency preventive control strategy to ensure stable system operation and to support a corrective process that involves starting one more generator, implementing a demand response, using energy storage systems, and implementing the economic dispatch strategy to reduce operating cost. Compared with the traditional economic dispatch or unit commitment, the proposed method can take into account both frequency stability and economical efficient of the island power system
低功率電壓控制振盪器與注入鎖定式自動轉導匹配電壓控制振盪器之設計;Design of Low Power Voltage-Controlled Oscillator and Injection-Locked Voltage-Controlled Oscillator with Spontaneously-matched Transconductance
No full text[[abstract]]本論文設計四種不同架構的CMOS 180 nm電壓控制振盪器晶片。第一顆晶片是使用交互耦合對之差動架構，第二顆晶片為源極退化之四相位架構，第三顆晶片為源極退化之背對背串聯可變電容之四相位輸出架構，用以改良第二種架構之相位雜訊。第四顆晶片是結合自動轉導匹配與共模點注入鎖定技術之差動電壓控制振盪器，以達到振幅平衡。第一顆晶片因電路佈局走線僅進行交錯耦合線之電磁模擬，造成量測頻率由15 GHz偏移至9 GHz。第二顆晶片由於電路佈局時電源走線太窄，無法承受6 mA的源極電流而燒毀。第三顆晶片其量測結果振盪頻率3.0 GHz、相位雜訊為-124.8 dBc/Hz、頻率調控範圍為2.47 GHz ~ 3.02 GHz、功率消耗為1.4 mW、晶片面積為1.5×0.9 mm2，FOM計算結果為-342.2 dBc/Hz。第四顆晶片其量測結果振盪頻率為3.5 GHz、相位雜訊為-119.0 dBc/Hz、頻率調控範圍為2.68 GHz ~ 3.73 GHz、鎖定頻寬為0.87 MHz、相位誤差為1.3o、功率消耗為1.6 mW、晶片面積為1.1×0.8 mm2，FOM計算結果為-347.5 dBc/Hz，優於現有文獻同型架構晶片之特性。關鍵字：壓控振盪器、注入鎖定、源極退化。
In this thesis, four different voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) chips in CMOS 180 nm technology are designed, where the first three are free-running VCOs and the fourth is injection-locked. For the first two VCOs, the source resistive degeneration in the cross-coupled MOSFET pair was adopted for the differential and quadrature outputs. In the third chip, the back-to-back series varactor configuration was applied for phase noise enhancement. In the fourth VCO, the common-mode injection was employed for the free-running oscillation locked onto the externally-injected signal and the spontaneous transconductance match technique was employed for the signal output amplitude balance. Since the interconnect lines, except the cross-over line section, were not included in the electromagnetic simulation, the oscillation frequency is shifting from 15 GHz to 9 GHz. The second chip fails since the narrow power line-width is insufficient to carry the actual current density. The third and fourth VCOs work successfully. The third VCO has a measured oscillation frequency range of 2.47-3.02 GHz with -124.8 dBc/Hz phase noise, giving an excellent FOM of -342.2 dBc/Hz. The power consumption is 1.4 mW and the chip size is 1.5×0.9 mm2. For the injection-locked VCO, the measured oscillation frequency range is 2.68-3.73 GHz with -119.0 dBc/Hz phase noise and the locking bandwidth is 0.87 MHz. The power consumption is 1.6 mW and the chip size is 1.1×0.8 mm2. The injection-locked VCO achieves the best FOM of -347.5 dBc/Hz.Index Terms: Voltage Control Oscillator, Injection Locking, Source resistive degeneration
利用3D列印技術之透鏡天線設計;Design of Lens Antenna Using 3D Printing Technology
No full text[[abstract]]本論文利用幾何光學原理設計透鏡天線，以3D列印技術列印。透鏡天線在同波束寬度下具有大範圍角度的掃描能力，使場型旁瓣與後瓣明顯較低，可實現增益高的指向性天線。本文使用2.4 GHz與24 GHz兩頻率之天線，搭配光固化立體成型之3D列印技術列印透鏡結構，分析訊號行進球面鏡經由透射後之路徑，將能量會匯聚於天線，其增益結果皆有上升1~2 dB。並且製作三種封裝透鏡天線，讓天線本身有封裝外殼保護，亦可以使天線訊號接收較不受影響，其三種實際量測增益結果皆有增加之趨勢，也結合雷達系統量測，結果顯示功率提升。接著以菲涅爾透鏡設計方式，降低原設計透鏡之重量，令透鏡以另一種形狀呈現，實驗結果與原本未加入透鏡之天線亦有1.3 dB之增益。最後由於模擬結果與實際量測結果有所差異，使用探針掃描顯微鏡掃描透鏡，且將差異代入模擬，使模擬更貼近實際量測結果。
This thesis focuses on the designs of lens antenna using 3D printing based on the geometric optics methods. Comparing with the conventional antennas, the lens antenna can provide wide range of scanning capabilities and higher gain while side lobes and back lobes are relatively smaller. The lens structures designed for 2.4 GHz and 24 GHz are fabricated by stereolithography 3D printing technology. The energy will be converged on the antenna through the lens, resulting in 1 ~ 2 dBi gain imrpovement. In addition, the lens integrated with the antenna packaging cap is also proposed in this work. Three different packaging caps are investigated, and the measurement results show that the gains from all three cases are slightly improved. The final topic is to design the Fresnel lens, aiming for the weight and size reduction comparing to the conventional lens. The gain difference with and without lens is 1.3 dBi. To verify the fabrication precision, the scanning probe microscopy is applied to scan the surface profile of the lens. With this real fabricated surface profile,the post simulation is thus conducted to compare the measurement results
多元運動課程介入對輕度認知功能障礙者體適能與認知功能之影響;Effect of Multicomponent Exercises Program Intervention on Functional Fitness and Cognitive Function in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment
No full text[[abstract]]背景：全球失智症人口快速增加，2015年國際失智症協會（ADI）推估每3秒就有一人罹患失智症，而輕度認知功能障礙（MCI）此時期被發現為預防與改善失智發生之關鍵。然而藥物不能完全成功的預防或治療失智症，但研究已發現透過運動能有效改善及促進大腦認知功能。目的：探討針對輕度認知功能障礙高齡者介入八週多元運動課程後，對其認知功能及體適能之影響。方法：研究對象為65歲以上輕度認知功能障礙高齡者為對象，實驗前採立意取樣，實驗組15人（78.2±6.48歲）及對照組5人（77.4±8.05歲），分別於課程介入前後進行簡易心智量表（MMSE）及功能性體適能檢測（上肢柔軟度、下肢柔軟度、上肢肌力、下肢肌力、敏捷與動態平衡、心肺耐力、握力）。實驗組進行為期8週、每週一次90分鐘的多元運動課程和兩次的居家自主運動。資料處理與分析：以SPSS 22.0版統計套裝軟體，以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、單因子共變數進行分析，顯著水準訂為α=.05。結果：實驗組接受八週多元運動課程後，下肢肌力、心肺耐力達顯著；認知功能等向度皆有正向進步，但未達顯著差異。結論：多元運動課程能有效提升輕度認知功能障礙高齡者之部分體適能，進而提升部分認知功能之表現。因此，融合多元運動課程對於輕度認知功能障礙之高齡者之認知功能是非常有效益且能達到預防醫學之概念。
Background: The global dementia population is growing rapidly, 2015 the International Society for the Dementia (ADI) estimates that one person suffers from dementia every 3 seconds, and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is considered to be the critical period to preventing and improving morbidity. However, the drug can not be completely successful in the prevention or treatment of dementia, the study has been found through the exercise which can effectively improve and promote brain cognitive function. Purpose: To explore the Effect of Physical and Cognitive Exercises Intervention on Functional Fitness and Cognitive Function in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Methods: More than 65 years old the elderlyin the study.Subjects were divied into experimental group (n=15, age: 78.2±6.48yrs) and control group (n=5, age: 77.4±8.05yrs）by their personal preference.The Mini-mental state examination and the functional fitness testing for older adults (30-second chair stand, 30-second arm curl, chair sit-and-reach, back scratch, 8-foot up-and-go, 2-minute step) were performed before and after the course intervention. The experimental group was instructed to by the physical and cognitive exercises intervention for 1days per week, 90 minutes per session for eight weeks. Pre-and Post-tests were implemented before and after the intervention in both group. Data processing and analysis: SPSS 22.0 version of the statistical suite of software, descriptive statistics, One-Way ANOVA and one-way ANCOVA was used to evaluate the difference between groups after training for each parameter analysis of the test, the significant level as α = .05. Results: The experimental group has significant improvement on the physical and cognitive exercises intervention after the course exercise after eight weeks, upper body muscle strength and Aerobic endurance. Cognitive function and so on are positive progress, but not significant difference. Conclusion: The multidimensional course can improve the fitness of the elderly with mild cognitive dysfunction and improve the performance of some cognitive function. Therefore, the integration of physical and cognitive exercises on mild cognitive impairment of the Elderly is very effective and can achieve the concept of preventive medicine
運用分類技術建構住院壓瘡模式之研究;Construction of a Hospitalized Pressure Ulcer Assesment Model Using Classification Technologies
No full text[[abstract]]壓瘡發生率是臨床照護重要護理指標，國內外專家對於壓瘡預防不餘遺力，但住院壓瘡的發生率仍持續居高不下，主要在於壓瘡危險因子多且複雜度高，為避免住院病人因壓瘡而導致傷口疼痛、手術治療、延長住院天數、感染風險及嚴重甚至死亡，且增加醫療成本支出，準確掌握壓瘡高危險因子以事先著手預防壓瘡的發生。 國外壓瘡高危險評估量表包括有Braden量表、Norton量表、Gosnell量表及Waterlow量表，這些量表雖分別被研究採用，但其所建置的判定標準或界定切點，各自有其照護對象或照護體系適用度或可用性；因此本研究以資料探勘分類技術之決策樹、邏輯斯迴歸及隨機森林三種分類器建立住院病人適用之壓瘡預測模式，總共收集11838筆住院紀錄，實驗資料再將30組訓練樣本分別進行資料分析。隨後採用十摺交叉驗證法(10-fold cross-validation)驗證預測模式效能。 實驗結果顯示決策樹敏感性平均值為79.94%、邏輯斯敏感性平均值為75.81%及隨機森林敏感性平均值為84.48%。模型效能評估結果，以隨機森林所建構的預測模型具有較佳的分類效能。本研究中預測因素包括皮膚無完整、收縮壓高低、表達能力差、巴氏量表評分總分低及微血管填充時間大於2秒是壓瘡最具有影響力的危險因子。 本研究可提供護理人員作為住院病人於入院時預測是否壓瘡的參考，辨識壓瘡高危險因子，進而在臨床實務中提供預防措施，提升醫療照護及服務品質。
The incidence of pressure ulcer is one of the essential indicators of clinical care. Even many scholars and experts have aimed to prevent the adverse event of pressure ulcer, but the high incidence of hospitalized pressure ulcer was unfortunately commonly found in clinical practices. Therefore, identifying the risk factors and implement preventive interventions of pressure ulcer to avoid wound, pain, surgical treatment, prolonged hospitalization, infection, mortality and health expenditure increasing become more critical. We found that the Braden scale, Norton scale, Gosnell scale and Waterlow scale were broadly used for risk evaluation of pressure ulcer. However, these scales were established by the criteria of various patients and applicability or usability of the caring system. In this study, we use three classifiers of data exploration technology includes decision tree, logistic regression, and random forest to create the prediction model for hospitalized patients with a pressure ulcer. A total of 11838 medical records of hospitalization were collected and analyzed in 30 sets of training samples, and following with a 10-fold cross-validation was conducted to verify the performance of these prediction models. The results revealed that the sensitivity of the decision tree, logistic regression, and random forest were 79.94%, 75.81% and 84.48% respectively. It demonstrated that the random forest has better classification efficiency of constructing a predictive model. We also found that the predictive factors for impaired skin integrity, systolic pressure, poor expression, a low score in the Basel scale and microvascular filling time greater than 2 seconds are the most influential risk factors for pressure ulcers. This study provides the critical risk factors to caregivers for patient physical assessment to predict pressure ulcer incidence of hospitalized patients and to implement preventive actions in clinical practice. Overall, these findings enhance the improvement of the medical care quality and service
紡織業導入工業4.0之關鍵因素-以宏遠興業為例;Key Factors in Textile Industry Implementing into Industry 4.0 – A Case of Everest Textile Corporation
No full text[[abstract]]工業4.0這個名詞在這幾年一直被廣泛提起，然而多數企業對此一概念卻模糊不清，仍抱持觀望的態度，台灣僅有少數企業願意投入人力、物力、財力來導入工業4.0，本論文的案例-宏遠興業就是率先導入工業4.0的其中之一。宏遠興業為台灣紡織業的領導廠商，在2015年正式啟動導入工業4.0。本篇論文主要闡述工業4.0概念及探討紡織業導入工業4.0的關鍵因素，並以TOE模型設計訪談架構，以期能提供給台灣紡織業作為日後導入工業4.0之參考。
Industry 4.0 has been widely cited in the past few years, but most companies are obscure on this concept, still hold the wait and see attitude, only a few companies are willing to put human, material and financial resources to implement industry 4.0 in Taiwan, the case of the paper - Everest is one of the first to implement industry 4.0. Everest is the leading manufacturer of textile industry in Taiwan, and officially launched into industry 4.0 in 2015.This paper mainly elaborates on the concept of industry 4.0 and discusses the key factors of textile industry importation industry 4.0, and designs the interview structure with TOE model, so as to provide Taiwan textile industry as reference for future implement of industry 4.0
影響使用OTT TV APPs持續使用意圖之因素;Analysis of Factors Affecting Continuous Use Intention of OTT TV APPs
No full text[[abstract]]隨著網路的快速發展，影音平台APPs已能穩定的提供資訊品質，也因智慧型手機的興起與普及，改變了許多使用情境上的收視習慣，使用者可在任何時間及地點觀看影片，極具便利性，不在需要受限於時間、家中或有電視的地方才可提供使用者觀賞。 本研究以OTT TV APPs影音平台使用者為研究對象，來探求其持續使用影音平台的立要因素，本研究採用網路問?調查法，蒐集到251份有效問?，回收之有效問卷以結構方程模式進行分析。 研究結果：(1)認知有用性與滿意度會影響持續使用意圖。(2)系統品質、資訊品質與確認會影響認知有用性(3)服務品質與認知有用性無正相關(4)互動性與時間平移會影響系統品質(5)個人化會影響資訊品質。
With the rapid development of the Internet and the rise and popularity of smart phones, the OTT video service now can provide stable quality of information for users and also change their viewing habits. The service brings convenience to users that they can watch the video at anytime and anywhere without limitation of time or location anymore.In this study, we use OTT TV APP platform users as the research object to explore the essential factors of continuous use of video platform. This study applied online survey as the research method and collected 251 valid questionnaires, the effective questionnaires were analyzed by Structural Equation Model .The result shows that: (1) perceived usefulness and satisfaction will affect intention of continuous usage (2) system quality, quality of information and confirmation will affect the perceived usefulness (3) service quality and cognitive usefulness is not positive correlated (4) interaction and time shifting will affect the quality of the system (5) Personalization will affect the quality of information