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論精神疾患被告之受審能力－借鏡英美法之制度;The Study of The Competency to Stand Trial For Mentally-ill Criminal Defendants - Lesson From The U.S. Legal System
No full text[[abstract]] 近期刑事案件犯罪者係罹有精神疾病之情形時有所聞，此造成整體社會對於精神障礙者之恐慌逐步攀升，進而引發以應報為核心之刑罰民粹主義成為主流思想，重刑化蔚為刑事政策之導向。然而精神疾患被告本身兼有「患者」與「犯人」之雙重身份，令其如通常之人一般進入刑事訴訟程序並論罪科刑，被告除可能因精神疾病而不知其所犯何罪而對其不公外，自修復式正義之角度而言，亦無法使被告理解其對於被害人造成傷害之嚴重程度。受審能力作為刑事訴訟程序之基礎門檻，就精神疾患被告而言，實有其必要性。 我國刑事訴訟法第294條第1項規定：「被告心神喪失者，應於其回復以前停止審判。」是為受審能力之規定，其核心之宗旨在於保障被告之訴訟權。刑事訴訟程序以言詞辯論為其核心，雙方藉由交互詰問就己身之立場進行攻擊防禦，被告遭起訴後，若於刑事訴訟程序中，因精神疾病而無法理解經此程序獲有罪判決即須遭受刑罰，或不能與辯護人就訴訟策略為有效之溝通，則所進行之言詞辯論形同虛設，極可能嚴重侵害被告之權益。故審判程序能續行之前提，應立基於被告具有「理解訴訟程序意義」及「協助辯護人進行訴訟上攻防」之能力，如經認定無此等能力，則應停止刑事訴訟程序，直至被告恢復始得續行審判。 而就刑罰目的論以觀，訴訟程序之進行，除伸張公平正義外，對於被告實亦有教化之功能存在，藉由了解自己所犯何罪、於交互詰問中就案發經過再為釐清，始能更真切理解對於被害者所產生之痛苦，而令再犯之預防更為有效。另自被害者之角度而言，若欲追求血債血還之絕對應報，令被告具備受審能力，即意謂其精神狀態須回復至可得審判之程度，則被告於其後所進行之訴訟程序及對其所處以之刑罰，須以如常人之神識面對，而無法遁入瘋相逃避之，如此始能謂係真正之正義。故確保被告具有受審能力，實係有助於在精神疾患被告之處遇與被害者所欲彰顯之正義此二立場間取得衡平。 然觀諸我國對於受審能力之規定，雖於刑事訴訟法作概要性之揭露，惟並未就其判斷標準、鑑定方式以及受審能力恢復後應行之程序於法律上作出相應之規範，探討相關議題之文獻亦甚少。而相較於我國對於受審能力之界定尚屬朦朧，美國法對於受審能力此一概念已於美國聯邦制定法作出定義，條文內除揭示被告處於何種情形下即屬欠缺受審能力外，亦就受審能力產生疑義時得發動聽證會之主體為闡明。此外，美國法並藉由歷年之判決內容，逐步織就受審能力整體制度之清晰輪廓，殊值我國借鏡。 本文擬參酌美國法上關於受審能力之規定及具有代表性之判決，比較並融合我國法相應之概念和需求，以釐清未來建立制度性規範之方向，希冀能依此循序完善我國受審能力之相關架構。
Recently, mentally-ill criminal offenders are reported from time to time, thus raising public panic towards mental illness and triggered retributive justice to become the mainstream conception in the society. Cruel and severe punishment is therefore leading the formation of criminal policy. However, defendants with mental illness concurrently hold both identities as “patient” and “criminal”; suppose they are brought into usual criminal procedure and imposed with charges and sentences, it could be injustice to them as they cannot understand what they committed had constituted criminal offenses due to mental disorder; on the other hand, if we look at it from the perspective of restorative justice, the penalty cannot make defendants to realize the severity of their actions on victims. Therefore, the competency to stand trial, being the basic requirement of the criminal procedure, is duly necessary for the defendants with mental illness. The requirement of competency to stand trial is stipulated under Paragraph 1, Article 294 of The Code of Criminal Procedure, that "If an accused is insane, the trial shall be suspended until he recovers," which the core spirit is to protect the defendants’ rights of instituting legal proceedings. The essence of criminal procedure encompasses oral argument process whereby the parties perform attacking and defending pursuant to their respective standing in cross-examination. If the defendant is not able to understand that he will be decided guilty through this process and the ensuing punishments, or is not able to effectively communicate with his attorney of his litigation strategy due to the mental illness after he was prosecuted, the procedure of oral argument performs practically no function and thus may seriously infringe the right of the defendant. Therefore, the litigation procedure shall proceed on the premise that the defendant has the ability to "understand the meaning of litigation procedure" and "assist the attorney in pursuing attacking and defending actions". Where the defendant has no such ability, the criminal procedure shall be suspended until he recovers. From the perspective of purpose for penalty imposition, in addition to uphold fairness and justice, the proceeding of litigation procedure also aims to educate the defendant. By realizing the crime the defendant himself had committed and clarifying the whole fact through cross examination, he may truly comprehend the pain the victim has suffered, which may be more effective in preventing recidivism. Moreover, from the perspective of the victim, if the victim intends to pursue absolute retributive justice, having the defendant with the competency to stand trial (i.e. his mental condition recovers to the condition that the people can be put on trial) means the defendant will face the litigation procedure and the penalty as normal people, rather than feeling nothing due to his mental illness. Justice will be served only to that end. Hence, ensuring the defendant is with the competency to stand trial is good for the balance between the condition of the mentally ill defendant in the procedure and the justice the victim intends to pursue. After reviewing all Taiwan laws and regulations, while The Code of Criminal Procedure provides skeleton structure of the competency to stand trial, there is no corresponding rules with respect to the determination criteria, method of forensic mental health assessment and the applicable procedure after competency to stand trial is recovered, and literatures covering related topics are also lacking. Contrary to the hollow of rules of our country in respect of competency to stand trial, the United States of America has set forth the definition in its statute, which not only describes the conditions of incompetency to stand trial, and also the rule for a subject to apply for hearing to determine competency when it is unclear. In addition, the case law over the years in the United States have gradually weaved out a clear structure for the determination of competency to stand trial, which can be served as a reference for the development of our country in this respect. This thesis proposes to take reference of the laws and regulations and milestone cases related to the competency to stand trial of the United States, compare and integrate them with the structure and needs of our laws and regulations so as to clarify the future direction in establishing systematic rules, in the hope of improving overall structure for competency to stand trial
應用美術著作之保護-兼論著作權與設計專利之界線;
No full text[[abstract]]應用美術作品兼具美術鑑賞之藝術性及實用性雙重特質，是以應用美術作品得否成為著作權之保護客體，一直以來都受有不少質疑之聲浪。我國著作權法對於美術著作保護客體之解釋，自僅限於純美術作品直至今日擴張至應用美術作品，惟具備量產之工業性格之應用美術作品，是否亦屬我國著作權法之保護範疇，始終爭執不休。近期我國實務已有拋棄量產之判斷，回歸審視原創性之趨勢。美國立法、行政及司法三大體系針對應用美術作品可著作性之議題已累積相當多的經驗，特別是司法實務上建構的可分性原則，透過物理上與概念上的區別標準辨識應用美術作品當中可為美術著作之範圍，深具參考價值。而應用美術著作是否可同時受到著作權及設計專利之雙重保護?在我國專利法修正前，應屬否定見解，然在經過西元2011年底專利法之修正後，將美術工藝品刪除於不予設計專利之範圍，形成同時可受著作權及設計專利雙重保護之情形。應用美術作品同時可受著作權及設計專利之保護，究竟是否合理?是否應該給予區別之分界線?本文欲透過美國可分性原則之操作，將著作權與設計專利間賦予一個可供操作之分界標準。
In addition to the artistic feature, the utilitarian feature also plays a significant role for works of applied art. Because of utility,however, the copyrightability of applied artwork has become debatable. In the long past, copyright protection on artistic work has been limited to works of fine art. Even though legal precedents in Taiwn have later granted copyright to authors of applied artworks in the 1990s, the copyrightability has still been limited by the productiveness and the industrialization of a work. In recent years, courts and the Intellectual Property Office in Taiwan has the tendency to determine the copyrightability of applied artworks only with originality, yet some issues still stay unsettled. The legislative, the administrative, and the juridical systems of the U.S. have accumulated considerable experience on the copyrightability of applied art which is worth learning for Taiwan.Whether the applied artworks could be protected by both areas of copyright and design patent? The answer to the question above would be a negative before the patent law of Taiwan was amended. Nevertheless, a work of artistic craftsmanship has become covered by both areas after Taiwan enacting the new amendment to patent laws which removed it from the scope of design patent at the end of 2011.Is it reasonable for the applied artworks to be protected by both area of copyright and design patent? And is it necessary to draw a boundary line to differentiate these two domains? This following thesis is attempted to provide an operative demarcation of standard for distinguishing the copyright and the design patent by drawing a dividing line within the separability doctrine
膽囊切除手術術後三十日非計畫性再住院之預測模式：以全民健保資料庫為例;Predictive Model of Unplanned Readmission on 30 days after Cholecystectomy: A Case Study of National Health Insurance Database
No full text[[abstract]]手術?除膽囊是根治急性膽囊炎和膽囊結石最佳方法，隨著醫療技術的進步，腹腔鏡膽囊切除術逐漸取代傳統的開腹式膽囊?除術，然而全民健康保險制度的開辦，住院醫療費用逐年上升，隨著總額預算支付制度全面實施後，醫院為達到節省成本，增加病床使用率，控制住院天數等目標，病患在未得到完全診療下出院，短時間內反覆住院，相對醫療資源的耗用增加且影響病患完善醫療的權益。目標：探討膽囊切除手術術後三十日內非計劃性住院之相關影響因素及應用資料探勘技術建立再住院之預測模式。方法：本研究以2005年「全民健康保險研究資?庫」承保抽樣歸人檔，執行膽囊切除手術為研究對象，以決策樹、邏輯斯迴歸及支援向量機3種分類技術，建構預測膽囊切除術後三十日內非計劃性再住院之分類預測模式，並進行效能評估，選取最佳效能之分類預測模型。實驗結果：對於膽囊切除手術術後三十日內非計劃性再住院的正確預測率，以邏輯斯迴歸、決策樹模式、支援向量機分別為85.4%、83.6%、79.4%。J48 unpruned tree (風險樹)中醫師專科年資、有無重大傷病、病患年齡及醫院層級共有四個變項，分析其重要因素，將患者劃分為六個節點。因此本研究應能協助建構適當的預測模型，而產生有效的篩選與評估決策建議。 結?：資?探勘技術能協助處?龐大的資?萃取出關鍵的資訊，並可建立預測模型以供醫療臨床使用，以補一般統計分析之不足，有效率地篩選與掌握術後再住院高危險群病患，不僅可減少就醫次數，減緩醫療人員負擔並讓病患獲得適當的醫療照護。
Excising gallbladder with surgery is the best method for completecuring Acute cholecystitis and Gallstone.With the advances iv medical technology. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has replaced traditional Open cholecystectomy gradually. However, the system has started of National Health Insurance, the hospital charges of admission goes up year by year, with the Global Budges Payment has been implemented, hospital must save hospital cost, increase the usage rate of beds and control admission days. Some uncured patients have to discharge early, readmission in a few time. Relatively, that will be increase the wastage of medical resource and affect patients to get complete medical benefits.Objectives：Investigate after the surgery of Cholecystectomy within thirty days of unplanned admission relevant factors, and the application of data mining technology to establish predication model of readmission.Methods：In this study, in 2005 the "National Health Insurance Research Database" Insurance Beneficiaries who file their cases for Cholecystectomy for the study, the dicision tree, Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine three kinds of classification techniques constructed to predict the classificatory predication model for after the surgery of Cholecystectomy within thirty days of unplanned admission, and implement the performance assessment, which selects the best classification performance predication model.Results：The correct predication rates for after the surgery of Cholecystectomy within thirty days unplanned admission, with Logistic Regression, the dicision tree and Support Vector Machine was 85.4%, 83.6%, 79.4%. There are four changing items in the unpruned tree(J48): working eyperience of doctor, catastrophic illbess or not, ages of patients, levels of hospitals to analyze the important factors, and devided patients into six nodes. Therefore, this study should be assist to constructe suitable predication model, and produce effective screening and evaluation of plicy recommendations.Conclusion：Data mining techniques can help deal with huge data, which extract critical information, and to make predication model for medical clinical use, can make up for general statistical analysis of deficiencies, that will efficiently filter after the surgery with readmission and grasp patients at high risk. Not only can reduce the number of medical treatments, reduce the workload of medical personnel and patients can obtain appropriate medical care
使用G-code改寫演算法以控制輪廓誤差之學習控制技術;Iterative Learning Control Technique Using G-code Rewriting Algorithm for Contour Control
No full text[[abstract]]傳統迭代學習控制（ILC）技術為加工提供更好的輸入命令。 但因為大部分商業控制器的限制，我們將命令點位置交由給機器去進行加工，因此我們很難在這些商業控制器上加值應用ILC技術。在本篇論文裡，我們針對XY平面，開發了一種G-code重寫演算法，控制加工路徑來解決這個問題。我們所提出的演算法可以將命令點位置轉換成相對應的G-code指令。 為了保持相同的加工時間，我們需要正確處理進給速率和分段G-code命令的數量。 我們實作所提出的演算法並將其整合至ILC以及LinuxCNC中去進行評估。 對於所產生的G-code，實驗結果證明，我們的演算法搭配ILC可以達到收斂的效果。
The traditional iterative learning control (ILC) technology provides better position commands for the machining. However, most commercial controllers cannot accept position commands to control the machining path directly. Therefore, it is hard to leverage self-developed ILC on these commercial controllers. In this thesis, for XY plane, we develop a G-code rewriting algorithm to control machining path to solve this issue. The proposed algorithm can transfer position commands to the corresponding G-code commands. In order to preserve the same machining time, we need to properly handle feed rate and the number of segmented G-code commands. We implement the proposed algorithm and integrate it into a customized, ILC-enabled LinuxCNC for the evaluation. For the tested G-code files, the experimental result shows that ILC with the proposed algorithm for contour control can reach a convergence state
機器人自動化送餐系統;Automatic Delivery with Robot
No full text[[abstract]]近年來機器人應用盛行，許多產業也開始投入相關應用的開發，對於餐飲業需要大量人力，更是主要結合重點。因此我們希望在送餐點這部份可以由機器人來取代，原因在於可以減輕人力在移動中所花費的時間，但在現有的送餐機器人中，客人只能自己動手拿取餐點，為了讓送餐系統更人性化，所以我們結合移動機器人和機械手臂，最後透過手臂將餐點放置定點桌上。 這份論文中，我們利用機器人對於送餐系統提出了一組有效的方法，我們將系統分成四個階段。在第一階段中，由於送餐環境大多都在室內，因此機器人需要對環境建構地圖，利用雷射感測器使現實場景回傳周圍物體位置來建構場景。第二階段，利用第一階段生成的地圖做為室內導航的依據，由地圖的起始點到終點算出最短路徑，我們稱為全域規劃。在第三階段，針對在路徑上的障礙物避障，立即的躲避以及重新規劃路徑，我們稱為區域規劃。最後一個階段為機械手臂的運作，機器人必須知道桌面的高度才能將餐點放置上去，因此使用圖標作為桌邊高度，利用影像處理將圖標辨識得知其位置，根據位置操作手臂旋轉角度。 有別於現有的送餐機器人，我們新增的三、四階段讓機器人更加接近人性服務客人，除了透過激光雷達來感知現實周圍的情況，我們還利用了電腦視覺處裡來辨別桌子的高度近來控制手臂旋轉位置。 我們的系統不僅提供了移動機器人結合機械手臂的概念，更在送餐系統上貼切的提供服務，客人不需要花而外的力氣自己取餐，而服務員也不需要再把時間花在重復性高的動作上，達到節省人力時間之共用。相信藉由我們的研究發展，對於國內的機器人產業及餐飲業必能有所助益。
In recent years, robot applications have prevailed, and many industries have begun to invest in the development of related applications. For the catering industry, a large amount of manpower is required, and the main focus is on combining. Therefore, we hope that this part of the meal can be replaced by a robot, because it can reduce the time spent by manpower on the move, but in the existing meal delivery robot, the guests can only take their own meals, in order to let The food delivery system is more user-friendly, so we combine the mobile robot and the robotic arm, and finally place the meal on the fixed table through the arm.In this paper, we use robots to propose an effective method for the meal delivery system. We divide the system into four phases. In the first stage, since most of the food feeding environment is indoors, the robot needs to construct a map for the environment, and use a laser sensor to make the real scene back to the surrounding object to construct the scene. In the second stage, the map generated in the first stage is used as the basis for indoor navigation. The shortest path is calculated from the starting point to the end point of the map. We call it the global planning. In the third phase, we are called regional planning for obstacle avoidance, immediate avoidance, and re-planning of obstacles on the path. The last stage is the operation of the robot arm. The robot must know the height of the table to place the meal. Therefore, the icon is used as the height of the table edge, and the image is used to identify the position of the icon and operate the arm rotation angle according to the position.Different from the existing feeding robots, our new three or four stages make the robots closer to the human service guests. In addition to perceiving the reality around the laser, we also use the computer vision to identify the height of the table. Control the position of the arm rotation.Our system not only provides the concept of a mobile robot combined with a robotic arm, but also provides a service on the food delivery system. Guests do not need to spend their own time to take their own meals, and the waiter does not need to spend time on repetitiveness. In terms of the action, the sharing of labor saving time is achieved. It is believed that with the development of our research, it will be helpful for the domestic robot industry and the catering industry
使用LLVM靜態分析器偵測TOCTOU漏洞;The TOCTOU Detection Using LLVM Static Analyzer
No full text[[abstract]]TOCTOU(Time-of-Check-Time-of-Use)是在系統檢查資料或權限等狀態至使用的期間，遭到攻擊者入侵的一種安全漏洞。屬於競爭危害(race condition)的一類，最早文獻至少起源於1970年代[1]，其包含的範圍甚廣，攻擊的方式變化萬千，本文針對其中關於Linux系統呼叫(system call)的部分進行研討。對於可能產生TOCTOU漏洞的系統呼叫配對，我們使用LLVM前端clang的靜態分析器(static analyzer)，定義並且編寫我們的checker，此checker能夠讓使用者在編譯時，得到TOCTOU漏洞的相關警告，希望藉此讓使用者提升程式碼的品質，減少被駭客攻擊的機會。
A system is attacked between the time checking something such as files and privileges and the time using the result it has checked. The above is a security vulnerability called TOCTOU(Time-of-Check-Time-of-Use). TOCTOU belongs to a kind of race condition. It can be dated back to 1970s. There are many methods to attack systems with TOCTOU. This paper will focus on part of these methods that are about Linux system calls. We use clang static analyzer in LLVM front-end to define and write our checker. This checker detects system call pairs that may lead to TOCTOU while compiling. We will get warnings about TOCTOU after detecting these system call pairs. Users therefore can improve codes, reducing the probability attacked by hackers
基於深度學習利用網路連線行為日誌預測異常行為發生;Forecasting Anomalous Behavior from Network Connection Logs by Deep Learning
No full text中醫病例報告資料庫;Database of Case Reports in Traditional Chinese Medicine Journals
No full text[[abstract]]診斷治療資訊化是提升診斷治療品質的基石。我們可以根據系統化整理的醫學典籍及名醫經驗，開發電腦輔助診斷治療系統，並運用大量的嚴謹審核的病例報告驗證系統。我們也可以根據大量的嚴謹審核的病例報告，運用資料探勘及機器學習技術，開發電腦輔助診斷治療系統。因此，蒐集及整理大量嚴謹審核的病例報告非常重要。本論文蒐集台灣 13 種中醫期刊雜誌的中醫病例報告，總計整理了 336 例的病例，並研製一個中醫病例報告資料庫。此資料庫系統提供病例檢索、病例維護、及病例匯出的功能。此中醫病例報告資料庫未來可用於電腦輔助中醫診斷治療系統的開發及驗證。
Applying computer technology to diagnosis and treatment is the cornerstone for improving the quality of diagnosis and treatment. We can first develop computer-aided diagnosis and treatment systems based on theories of classic medical books and practical experiences of outstanding doctors. We then use a large number of rigorously reviewed case reports to verify these systems. On the other hand, we can also develop computer-aided diagnosis and treatment systems directly from a large number of rigorously reviewed case reports by using data exploration and machine learning techniques. Therefore, it is very significant to collect rigorously reviewed case reports as many as possible.This paper collects traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) case reports from 13 TCM journals published in Taiwan and develops a database of TCM case reports with a total of 336 cases. This database system provides the functions of case retrieval, case maintenance, and case export. This TCM case report database can be used for the development and verification of computer-assisted TCM diagnosis and treatment systems in the future
寵物認養推薦平台設計與實作;The Design and Implementation of Pet Adoption Recommendation Platform
No full text[[abstract]]本論文設計和實作一個寵物認養推薦平台，提供一個直覺的網頁介面，使用者可以透過此平台搜尋待認養的寵物，也能新增、訂閱、追蹤喜歡的寵物，或是透過品種推薦機器人進行品種推薦的服務，找到適合自己的寵物。本論文以Pixnet的寵物文章做為品種推薦機器人的訓練資料，透過機器學習的工具分析文章資料，從中取出特徵值的關鍵字，並透過關鍵字去計算各個品種的特徵值分數，分析使用者輸入的訊息並推薦符合的寵物品種。認養推薦平台的資料來自台灣各地的收容所，希望透過認養資訊的整合及品種推薦的功能，讓認養者能更快速的找到適合自己的寵物。
In this thesis, a pet adoption recommendation platform is designed with intuitive web user interface. Users can use this platform to find, add, subscribe, follow pets that they like. Or use breed recommendation chatbot to find suitable pets.We utilize pet posts from Pixnet as the training data based for the breed recommendation chatbot. We also use machine learning to analyze and get feature keywords from the pet posts. And use these keywords to compute every breed’s feature scores. We will analyze the information from user inputs and return suitable pets for our users.The pet adoption recommendation platform collects the data from every shelters from Taiwan. By integrating the pet information to recommending suitable pets to users
以空間、深度、轉換、及時空特徵作無參考雙眼立體視訊品質計算;No-reference Stereoscopic Video Quality Metric Computation Using Spatial, Depth, Transform, and Spatiotemporal Features
No full text[[abstract]]近年來，3D技術應用提供了新的觀看體驗並且已經變得越來越普遍。由於上述原因，人們將更加關注立體視訊品質。換句話說，發展雙眼立體視訊品質評估方法是必要的。因為全參考和部分參考雙眼立體視訊品質評估方法可以利用原始視訊的資訊，因此這些方法通常可以得到較好的結果。但是，傳輸時較難獲得原始資料。因此本研究著重於無參考的品質評估技術。首先在分別在四個領域中擷取雙眼立體視訊的特徵。在空間域上擷取了區塊程度、雙眼視圖、雙眼競爭和邊緣的資訊。在深度域上擷取視差顯著性、深度結構和自然場景統計值。在轉換域上擷取離散小波轉換和輪廓轉換資訊。在時空域上擷取視差變化和三維離散餘弦特徵。平均左右視角的特徵向量來表示為統計特徵並且正規化到相同的分佈。然後，應用支持向量回歸的技術來評估立體視訊品質分數。最後由實驗結果顯示，本研究所提出的方法應用在NAMA3DS1_COSPAD1資料庫優於其他無參考方法。
In recent year, 3D technology application provides a new viewing experience and has become more and more widespread. Due to the reason mentioned above, humans will pay more attention on stereoscopic video quality. In other words, it is necessary to develop the stereoscopic video quality assessment approaches. Full-reference and reduced-reference stereoscopic video quality assessment methods usually obtain better performance since these approaches can make use of the information of original videos. However, it is hard to get original videos when transmitting. Hence, no-reference stereoscopic video quality assessment technology is mainly focused in this study. First, features from four domains, including spatial, depth, transform, and spatiotemporal features are extracted. On the spatial domain, blockiness, cyclopean view, binocular rivalry, cross entropy, and edge are extracted. On the depth domain, disparity saliency, depth structure, NSS, and depth entropy are extracted. On the transform domain, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and contourlet transform information are extracted. On the spatiotemporal domain, depth motion and 3D-DCT information are extracted. The feature vectors from the left-view and right-view videos are averaged and represented as statistical feature and normalize to the same distribution. Then, support vector regression (SVR) is applied to measure the stereoscopic video quality score. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed approach is better than the other NR approach on NAMA3DS1_COSPAD1 database