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基於全景影像作特徵配對實現視角辨識之角度計算;Panorama Feature Matching for Viewpoint Angle Recognition
[[abstract]] 隨著現今科技的發展,行動裝置不斷的進步,帶給了人們有別以往不同的生活體驗,如何利用行動裝置帶來更多資訊成了一個議題,因此我們提出了一個方法,在基於全景照片中,將行動裝置所拍下的畫面傳送到伺服器進行運算,進而得到確切的視角。 在自助旅行越來越普及的情況下,旅行者在身處異地時,會遇到一個看著地圖卻不知道自己面向甚麼方向應對到甚麼景象的問題,於是本篇研究提供了一個新的解決方案,Panorama Feature Matching for Viewpoint Angle Recognition(PFM-VAR),其目的為找到使用者的正確視角,以提供更多資訊,我們將使用者所傳送的照片做特徵辨識運算,將特徵區域的邊界的欄位像素值加以運算,與資料庫的全景照進行匹配,進而計算出使用者的視角,藉此來達到使用者回傳影像即能獲得正確視角的目標。
With the progress of technology, the mobile devices brought us different kinds of life experiences. The traveler will face a problem that he/she does not know which direction should correspond to which scene even with map. We propose a solution, Panorama Feature Matching for Viewpoint Angle Recognition (PFM-VAR), to help users gain the correct direction. The experiment results show the proposed approach is able to achieve high accuracy compared to existing approaches
波束域下多用戶多輸入多輸出系統之單一用戶檢測干擾抑制合併接收機;Interference Rejection and Combining (IRC) Receiver with single-user detection for MU-MIMO Systems over beam space
[[abstract]]多輸入多輸出技術之發展已從單用戶(SU-MIMO) 系統邁入多用戶(MU-MIMO)系統階段,多用戶多輸入多輸出系統能在同一時間中,服務多個用戶,從而提升頻譜效益。然而隨著用戶數增加,接收機的複雜度也會隨之提升,因此對於MU-MIMO接收機來說,低複雜度接收機為一重要議題。另外由於用戶同時進行訊號傳輸而產生的同通道間之干擾(co-channel in addition interference),包含同基地台至其他用戶之干擾,以及來自不同基地台之訊號干擾。針對這些問題,本論文在波束域中(bean domain)採用干擾抑制合併(interference rejection combining, IRC)接收機,設計上需要知道服務用戶通道資訊及接收訊號之共變異數矩陣,本論文中會介紹如何去應對其難題。其優點在於可以對同通道間之干擾壓抑,且根據波束通道之功率集中特性,透過用戶分群及波束選擇可以有效降低接收機複雜度。而其缺點在於,通過用戶分群及波束選擇後,服務用戶之通道矩陣會造成接收機之模型錯誤(modeling error),導致效能大幅度降低。因此本論文目標為在波束通道下,採用共變異數矩陣估測法及選擇性通道估測法,降低IRC接收機之設計複雜度,並利用對單一用戶檢測來避免接收機模型錯誤,維持其系統效能。關鍵字:干擾抑制合併接收機、共變異數矩陣估測法、選擇性通道估測法、單一用戶檢測
Multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technology has been used popularly in wireless communication systems due to its superior throughput enhancement. However, the complexity of maximum-likelihood (ML) MU-MIMO detector increases exponentially with the number of users and constellation size. Therefore, the low complexity MU-MIMO detector is an important research topic. Another issue in a cellular communication system is the co-channel interference caused by the simultaneous transmission of signals by the other users, including inter-cell interference and intra-cell interference. To overcome the interference problem, this thesis adopts the interference rejection combining (IRC) receiver in the beam domain. The IRC receiver can effectively suppress the inter-cell and intra-cell interference. According to the sparse property of beam domain channel response, using user grouping and beam selection can effectively reduce the complexity of the receiver design. However, when using joint MU-MIMO detection with beam selection, the receiver performance degrades significantly due to the mismatch of estimated channel and estimated covariance matrix. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to over beam space to reduce the complexity of the IRC receiver and to avoid the mismatch by single user detection. Simulation results show that single user detection performs the same as the multi-user detection.Key Words: interference rejection combining (IRC) receiver, selective channel estimation, covariance matrix estimation, single-user detection
國小音樂教科書之性別音樂符號學分析—新音樂學觀點;Analysis of Semiotics in the Music Textbooks of Elementary School: With the View of New Musicology
[[abstract]]本研究採取內容分析法、樂曲分析與音畫分析法,以Susan McClary的研究新音樂學理論為基礎,將歌曲分為「終止式」、「和弦」、「調性」、「音樂起拍」、「旋律走向」等五大類目進行分析探究,研究對象為康軒版藝術與人文教科書共計八冊,符合研究條件的樂曲總共155首。本研究從教科書裡的歌曲、歌詞的意涵與插圖的呈現來進行性別分析,並且從女性主義的角度來分析與母親意象相關的歌曲音樂,最後透過音畫教學來解讀學童對於教材的反應,以瞭解音樂的潛在課程面向。研究結果顯示,第一,在音樂符號學方面,教科書中三年級的音樂風格是以陽性音樂為主,陽性音樂隨著年級的增長有逐年遞減的趨勢,直到六年級時陰性音樂超越陽性音樂的比例,成為以陰性音樂為主的狀況,整體而言各年級陽性音樂與陰性音樂的比例平衡。教科書中陽性音樂具有快樂唱跳風格、正向加油勵志風格、女性養育風格、描寫男性的音樂風格;陰性音樂則具有悲傷離別風格、感性浪漫溫馨風格、家庭慈祥母親風格、民族音樂風格以及描寫女性音樂的風格。第二,教科書中歌曲、歌詞與插圖具有角色性別化與職業性別化的現象。第三,描述母親意象的音樂同質性太高,都具有女性陰柔氣質的音樂特色還再製傳統母親角色的養育期待。第四,研究者實施音畫教學給予學生補充屬於陽性音樂風格的母親音樂,結果顯示陽性的音樂風格使學童在繪畫描述母親意象時呈現較多元面向的描述。
Content analysis method, music analysis method and listening map analysis method were used in this thesis based on Susan McClary’s study of new musicology. Songs were divided into five categories: “cadence”, “triad”, “key signature”, “staring beat” and “melody” to analyze and explore. The study object is the Kang Hsuan Ed. of Art and Humanities textbooks (8 volumes). A total of 155 songs are eligible for the study. In this study, the gender analysis was tried to conduct through the songs in the textbooks, the meaning of the lyrics and the presentation of the illustrations. And then, the songs associated with mother’s image were analyzed from the view point of feminism. Finally, the teaching and listening map of the music were used to explore the response of students to understand the potential of music for the curriculum.The songs can be divided into music of masculinity and music of femininity. The statistical result shows that most songs in the textbooks are masculinity music from the 3rd grade. But, the proportion of masculinity decreases with the grade. The proportion of femininity exceeds the proportion of masculinity music until the 6th grade. In the textbooks, the style of happy singing, the style of positive refueling inspirational, the style of female parenting, and the description of male were presented in the masculinity music. In addition, the style of sad parting, the style of emotional romantic warm, the style of family kind mother, the style of national music and the description of female were presented in the femininity. The role of gender and the professional sex phenomenon were appeared in the lyrics and the illustrations of textbooks. The music homogeneity is too high to describe the mother’s image including a feminine temperament of the music characteristics and of a traditional mother role of the parental expectations.The author used the teaching and listening map of masculinity music with mother’s music for the supplement on some students. The results showed that more information for description of the mother’s image was given by the masculinity music style
從兒童權利公約論我國家事事件中兒少表達並被考量的權利;The Study on Rights of Child to Express and to be Heard in Taiwan's Law and Implementation under Convention on the Rights of the Child
[[abstract]]聯合國大會自1989年11月20日通過兒童權利公約,1990年9月2日生效,兒童權利公約確認了兒童作為權利的主體,以及兒童最佳利益原則。我國在民國103年11月20日的世界兒童日施行兒童權利公約施行法,確立了兒童權利公約在我國法律的效力。本文旨在探討兒童權利公約第12條兒童表達意見並被考量的權利,在兒童權利公約當中的意涵,以及在我國法律面及實務面的實踐現況,並且以紐西蘭為師,挑選五則與兒童表達意見並被考量權利相關的裁判實例以為借鏡。本文研究結論發現兒童權利公約第12條的內容為第4條兒童最佳利益的表徵,透過兒童的視野去表達自己的最佳利益,並且依照兒童不同的發展階段予以適當衡量。神經心理學的實證研究發現道德推理能力要到14-15歲才發展得較完整,此階段被認為是較適合獲得決定權的年齡。我國法律面以民法第1055之1條及家事事件法第108條較能反應此權利的保障。實務面由社工訪視報告、家事調查官以及裁判書三個面向來探討,家事調查官在友善兒童的會談技巧、兒童表達意見的機會、排除受到成人影響的表意內容等指標都能反應兒童權利公約第12條的內涵。裁判實務的部分,從所蒐集到的裁判書內容較難歸納出實務上一致的見解。研究建議從專業訓練、強制性親職教育、離婚過程兒童的支持性方案、有忠誠議題兒童的保護等立法及制度的面向予以調整。
The study is attempting to comprehend the rights of child to express and to be heard, the article 12 of Convention on the Rights of the Child. Taiwan’s President announced Implementation Act of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on June 2014, as the legal validity. In order to view the implementation of child’s express rights in Taiwan’s law after practicing of Implementation Act of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Although the article 108 of Family Act do ensure the rights of child to express and child friendly environment provide, the conclusion of Taiwan’s law design is lacking of the concept of weighing child’s view properly, especially evaluating by child’s different developmental stages. The recommendations are enforcing professional training, such as development psychology and consultative skills to child, protecting child with parent’s alienation, child’s supporting treatment, after all to revise the article 1055-1 of Civil La
二代健保補充保費扣費義務人相關法律問題之探討;
[[abstract]]全民健康保險制度之改革,仿效稅法之扣繳制度,創設扣費義務人代國家履行補充保費之徵收義務,但因扣取標的之不同、法律訂定之差異,縱使其扣取義務人為相同之人,亦在扣取義務上形成了不同之議題。 扣費制度關係人之法律關係不同於稅法之扣繳制度,扣取補充保費之目的與功能亦有別,其所得標的亦異於稅法,扣取補充保費之義務與程序之複雜程度,造成了扣費義務人於履行扣費義務時之諸多問題。因扣費義務人與投保單位在相關法律問題上之差異,需重新釐清界定扣費義務人之法律地位。但其與扣繳義務人一般,無法在現行行政法上以法律課予私人完成行政任務之任一類型定位。扣費(繳)義務人在法律地位上乃依法律規定獨立履行公法上義務而被納用之私人,即為負義務之私人,但在法律效果上則為行政助手,又或可將扣費(繳)義務人視為在以法律課予私人完成行政任務類型中之嶄新類型。 在扣費義務人應為何人擔任之爭議,認為應以比例原則權衡,較符合憲法上之期待。且對其計算、扣取、繳納、申報與通知等義務,應符合法律明確性原則,扣費辦法、扣費手冊之法律授權亦有待加強,而申報義務無法律授權,無申報亦無處罰,則對補充保費之徵收造成非常不利之影響。依責任債務原則,漏扣取之保費應可由健保署向繳費義務人徵收。未履行扣費義務之處罰樣態,不贊成以未扣之保費金額為處罰基準,且一律按固定倍數處罰,未許機關得參酌具體違章狀況,依情節輕重裁量罰鍰之數額。扣費義務人之協力義務,應須符合法律保留及法治國原則、法律明確性原則及比例原則。 綜理上述之問題後,於最末章提出若干建言,並提出修法建議,以期能對全民健康保險法這個攸關全民健康福祉之制度,為一更周延與健全之立法建議
受刑人假釋救濟制度之研究;A Study on the Parole Relief System of Inmates
[[abstract]]本論文共區分六章,第一章闡明研究機動、目的、範圍及方法等項,第二章簡介我國假釋決定要件之沿革與現況及運作方式及實質要件「悛悔實據」認定之困境,藉此瞭解假釋決定制度的概觀,並釐清受刑人享有權益,始得接續探討其相對應之救濟方式,第三章針對大法官會議解釋前,假釋制度所產生之問題進行分析,如假釋定性不明、假釋否准決定違反正當法律程序及其救濟程序不明等,第四章針對釋字第681號及第691號進行評析,並概述大法官解釋解決之假釋問題,第五章經大法官解釋後,實務操作上衍生之問題,且針現行實務困境,預擬相關解決方案,第六章綜合上開各章所得論理,提出本文之結論,另釋字第681號後,立法院對於刑法第77條第1項僅提出一次法律修正案,且僅決議交由司法及法制委員會審查,即不復見相關修正案,爰於本文提出修法建議。
This paper is divided into six chapters, the first chapter to clarify the research maneuver, purpose, scope and methods.The second chapter introduces the evolution and status quo of the parole determinants,the difficulties in determining the mode of operation and essential elements of the parole,and the difficulties in the determination of the parole,according to which the first chapter expounds the study of maneuver,purpose,scope and method. This chapter provides an overview of the parole decision system and clarifies the rights and interests of the inmates.The third chapter explains the interpretation of the parole decision.The author analyzes the problems arising from the parole system,such as the ambiguous nature of the parole,the parole decision on the violation of due process of law and the uncertainty of the relief procedure.Chapter 4 deals with the interpretation of Interpretation No. 681 and No. 691, and outlines the probation of parole explained and resolved by the Judge. Chapter 5, after interpretation by the Judge, is a matter of practical operation related solutions.The sixth chapter on the opening of the chapters on the theory,put forward the conclusions of this article,another release word No.681.The Legislative Yuan made only one amendment to law 77 (1) of the Penal Code,and only the resolution was referred to the Judicial and Legal Committee for review,that is,the relevant amendments were not repeated
從職業自由論消防暫代人員之執業權;
[[abstract]]論文摘要論文題目:從職業自由論消防暫代人員之執業權校所別:國立中正大學法律學研究所研究生:陳清風指導教授:李仁淼 博士關鍵詞:職業自由、工作權、專門職業及技術人員、過渡條款論文摘要: 我國憲法中並無職業自由或職業選擇自由保障之明文,大法官向來都是以憲法第15條論述。自司法院釋字第404號之後工作範圍有擴及至職業自由。本研究主要核心問題在於如何界定消防專技人員及暫代人員的執業權。由修改消防法第7條、過渡條款落日爭議以及消防設備人員草案之延宕三大爭點,分別在各章介紹分成四個面向討論其妥適性。首先由消防市場人力分析首途,論證過渡條款落日之合理性,討論延宕二十年的過渡條款不落日的正當性。其次,由證照制度形成原因、種類及性質及國內依憲法第86條第2款專門職業及技術人員考試檢視消防暫代人員執業權在法律上的保障。第三,則由考試權公平原則就專技證照制度討論,在特定行業一經立法界定為專門職業領域時,即限制人民非經考試不能從事該項專門職業,指出人民之工作權與社會的福祉有密切關係時,為增進公共利益之必要,對於人民從事工作的方法及應具備資格得以法律為適當之限制。最後,從歷年來司法院解釋整理有關憲法上限制工作權秩序原則,找出國內對工作權(執業權)普遍的觀點。結論,則提出本研究之結論及參考意見。希望能提供已延宕二十年消防設備人員法草案一些建議
論公法上返還請求權之形成與實現-以授益行政處分廢棄為中心;
[[abstract]]中文摘要請求權向來為私法領域權利行使之重心,為權利義務主體相互間,基於法律關係,一方當事人得向他方當事人主張特定給付之權利;其中欠缺法律上原因而發生財產變動,致一方得利,他方失利,依民法第179條規定:「無法律上之原因而受利益,致他人受損害者,應返還其利益」形成權利損害一方得請求他方為返還不當得利之請求權。於公法領域中亦有相似以法律規範為基礎之請求權,實務上有授益性給付經行政處分核定後發給,嗣後經行政機關發現受益人有溢領或錯誤發給,亦有受益人受領給付後未履行行政處分負擔條款等因行政處分廢棄形成公法上不當得利情形;基於依法行政原則,原處分機關應職權衡量作成撤銷或廢止行政處分,惟於處分未經合法廢棄前,受處分人之受領利益,仍因行政處分之存續力而繼續存在,因此,於行政處分廢棄之決定作成前,依法行政原則與信賴保護原則仍處於彼此衝突之競爭關係,並存在公益與私益裁量之複雜難解問題;又基於法安定原則,行政處分之廢棄權限不應久存而不殆,依行政程序法121條、124條分別訂有行政處分撤銷、廢止權除斥期間之規定,惟該除斥期間於實務上產生相當爭議,如知悉主體為何?知有撤銷原因之起算時點如何認定,係事實知悉或係行政機關確實知曉有撤銷原因?…等爭論議題。另原處分撤銷後成為返還請求權基礎的公法上之債,相關利益受領人應返還範圍為何?返還請求權究應以何種行政行為形式選擇,實務上有採用德國法見解以反面理論認為行政機關得以行政處分形式給予授益性給付,對於不合法之給付自然得以相同形式以書面下命受益人返還之見解,於司法審判上則有審級間不同之司法見解,另行政實務上亦有援用民法上扺銷用以實現公法上返還請求權之情形,學界亦有不同見解,雖行政院提案行政程序法第127條修正案以法律明定行政機關得以書面核定返還範圍,業經民國105年12月11日立法院第8屆第8會期第13次會議通過,於同年、月30日施行,惟該等議題於實務與學界均有相當討論與爭議須進一步解釋與修法
人民參與刑事審判與審議式民主關係之研究;A Study on the Relationship between the Jury Trial and the Deliberative Democracy
[[abstract]]本文所論述的重點在於如何建構一套帶有審議式民主特色的刑事審判程序。審議式的討論是一個用以解決問題的較為理性且完善之方法,而刑事審判程序所要追求的最終目地——發現真實、保障人權——所需要的也正是一套能夠得出滿意決策的體系架構。文中將藉由論述審議式民主對於制定決策的幫助,並介紹人民參與刑事審判程序中較富有審議色彩的美國陪審團制度,來試圖建構一套適行於台灣的刑事審判程序,以達到促進人民與司法之交流以及減少人民對於司法的不信任的效果
美國JOBS法案對台灣眾籌發展研究之建議;The USA JOBS Act for the Suggestions of Crowdfunding Development of in Taiwan
[[abstract]]2007年至2008年美國金融大海嘯受大量美國境內次級貸款的大量違約和法拍屋的急遽增加而席埢全球,小型企業或新創產業更難從傳統的商業金融銀行貸款、創投基金、保留盈餘獲得資金,或從富有的天使投資者得到支持。由於科技快速地發展、網際網路的普遍使用和互聯網技術的應用,群眾募資因應時勢需求而應聲而起。群眾募資是一種透過互聯網的新興融資方式並藉由大量的一般民眾資助小額捐款籌集資金方法可幫助新興企業家解決資金問題也成為現在全世界最熱門的集資方式。本文先介紹美國聯邦最高法院SEC v. J. W. Howey案例背景並對美國證券的投資契約清楚定義。接者介紹美國1933年證券法豁免註冊資格和Regulation D小額豁免證券資格並進一步比較美國JOBS法案(Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act)、財團法人中華民國證券櫃檯買賣中心創櫃板和證券商股權群眾募資平台對群眾募資管理、責任和資訊揭露法制規範。最後,比較分析美國Kickstarter和台灣flyingV群眾募資平台實例的差別。
The Great Recession is triggered by the U.S. subprime mortgage and foreclosures crisis, so small busniesses or emerging growth companies become more difficult raising money from traditional finance market such as financebank lending, venture capital, retained earnings or angel investors. Due to technological advancements, rapid development and popularization of the Internet, crowdfunding becomes a new popular financing paradigm. Crowdfunding, which help emerging growth companies solve capital problems and become the most popular way to raising money, obtain small amount of money from a large number of investors through the Internet. At first, this paper will briefly introduce the background of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) v. Howey Co. case in Supreme Court of the United States in 1946, and clearly define Investment Contract in the United States 1933 Securities Act. Next, introduce both exemption registration requirements from the United States 1933 Securities Act and Regulation D. Moreover, this paper will focus and discuss managements, liabilities and Information Disclosure of crowdfunding regulations among Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act)、Go Incubation Board of Taipei Exchange and Security Firms Equity Crowdfunding in Taiwan. Finally, we will study and compare crowdfunding platform between Kickstarter in the USA and flyingV in Taiwan