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Job Creation Policies Can Raise Local Employment Rates, Especially for Distressed Communities
Get PDFThe Road to Economic Recovery Runs Through Affordable Higher Education: Preview of Research on the Workforce Outcomes of Community-Based Promise Programs
No full textAre Participants Good Evaluators?
Get PDFManagers of workforce training programs are often unable to afford costly, full-fledged experimental or nonexperimental evaluations to determine their programs’ impacts. Therefore, many rely on the survey responses of program participants to gauge program impacts.
Smith, Whalley, and Wilcox present the first attempt to assess such measures despite their already widespread use in program evaluations. They develop a multidisciplinary framework for addressing the issue and apply it to three case studies: the National Job Training Partnership Act Study, the U.S. National Supported Work Demonstration, and the Connecticut Jobs First Program.
Each of these studies were subjected to experimental evaluations that included a survey-based participant evaluation measure. The authors apply econometric methods specifically developed to obtain estimates of program impacts among individuals in the studies and then compare these estimates with survey-based participant evaluation measures to obtain an assessment of the surveys’ efficacy.
The authors also discuss how their findings fit into the broader literatures in economics, psychology, and survey research.https://research.upjohn.org/up_press/1285/thumbnail.jp
Parenthood and the Gender Earnings Gap in the United States
No full textThe existence of a “child penalty” in labor-market income has been documented in a range of advanced economies, yet little is known about the mechanisms that create this sharp and persistent divergence in the earnings of mothers and fathers. This project will explore these mechanisms using a novel dataset linking administrative data on workers and their employers to detailed information on the date of birth of their children. We will provide new evidence on the role played by job-to-job transitions, sorting into different firm types, changes in professional and social networks, and firm behavior. These results will have implications for our understanding of gender differences in the labor market and the expected effects of policies designed to close the gender gap
Are Sufficient Statistics Necessary? Nonparametric Measurement of Deadweight Loss from Unemployment Insurance
No full textThe Dynamics of Referral Hiring and Racial Inequality: Evidence from Brazil
Get PDFWe study how referral hiring contributes to racial inequality in firm-level labor demand over the firm’s life cycle using data from Brazil. We consider a search model where referral networks are segregated, firms are more informed about the match quality of referred candidates, and some referrals are made by nonreferred employees. Consistent with the model, we find that firms are more likely to hire candidates and less likely to dismiss employees of the same race as the founder, but these differences diminish as firms’ cumulative hires increase. Referral hiring helps to explain racial differences in dismissals, seniority, and employer size
When Labor Enforcement and Immigration Enforcement Collide: Deterring Worker Complaints Worsens Workplace Safety
Get PDFRegulatory agencies overseeing the labor market often rely on worker complaints to direct their enforcement. However, if workers face differential barriers to complain, this system could result in ineffective targeting and create disparities in working conditions. To investigate these implications, we examine how the onset of Secure Communities—a localized immigration enforcement program—affected occupational safety and health. Counties’ participation in Secure Communities substantially reduced complaints to government safety regulators, but increased injuries, at workplaces with Hispanic workers. We show that these effects are most consistent with employers reducing safety inputs in response to workers’ decreased willingness to complain