Upjohn Research
Not a member yet
3819 research outputs found
Sort by
Home Ownership in City Core Neighborhoods
Get PDFThis analysis employs a traditional methodology to reproduce American Community Survey (ACS) data as those data would be if neighborhoods within the city of Kalamazoo were recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau. By aggregating publicly available ACS information from recognized census geographies, rates of home ownership and home values within three city neighborhoods are estimated. Home ownership rates by race are approximated. Rates of homeownership in the Eastside neighborhood are similar to those across Kalamazoo County and the state of Michigan. While all three neighborhoods have lower average values of owned homes relative to their county and state neighbors, home values in the Edison neighborhood are higher on average than those in the other analyzed neighborhoods. Although home ownership rates and home values show signs of being lower in the Northside neighborhood relative to the other analyzed neighborhoods, these differences could not be confirmed statistically
Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessments (RESEA) in Maryland—Plan for Annual Assessments with Incremental Improvements
Get PDFNew Employer Payroll Taxes and Entrepreneurship
No full textThe goal of this project is to evaluate the impact of payroll taxes on new employers and small businesses, and the extent to which this contributes to declining business dynamism and state tax competition. Using state variation in Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax schedules and administrative data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we plan to estimate how UI new employer taxes in the year of entry affect (a) entry/location decisions, (b) selection into entry, and (c) survival/outcomes conditional on entry. Our main research design leverages cross-sectional variation in UI taxes by state and industry to assess whether higher tax rates discourage firm entry and growth. We also plan to leverage variation in the timing and expected magnitude of tax changes as a firm graduates from new employer status to their state’s experience rating system, in order to study whether changes in a firm’s UI tax exposure affects its survival and growth
Estimating the Effects of the ADA Amendments Act on the Hiring and Termination of Individuals with Disabilities, Using New Disability Categorizations
Get PDFDisability discrimination laws are often used to potentially increase employment for individuals with disabilities. However, legal theory and empirical economics research do not provide conclusive answers as to how expansions in disability discrimination laws affect economic outcomes, namely hiring rates, for individuals with disabilities. We estimate the effect of the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) on employment transitions: hirings and terminations for individuals with disabilities relative to those without disabilities. To calculate employment transitions, we use data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). We also use the SIPP to develop additional measures and categorizations of disability based on whether the conditions are physical or mental, and whether they are salient to an employer at the hiring stage. We find that the ADAAA is generally associated with positive employment effects: increases or no effects on hiring rates, and decreases or no effects on termination rates. Our strongest and most robust results are that we find increases in hiring for those with nonsalient physical conditions and decreased terminations for those with salient physical conditions. Our results suggest that the effects of the ADAAA vary by disability type—especially by disability saliency—and are stronger for the groups most targeted by broader coverage of the ADAAA
The Micro and Macro of Labor Market Policies
Get PDFThis dissertation documents new evidence on the effects of labor market institutions and provides new tools to assess the impact of labor policies. Many labor market regulations remain controversial, and we lack evidence connecting the impact of these regulations on firms and workers and their aggregate effects. The dissertation evaluates the effects of labor market reforms at the microeconomic level (on workers and firms) and at the aggregate level (on overall employment, welfare, and the unemployment rate). It also accounts for spillovers, general equilibrium effects and heterogeneity to connect the micro and macro impacts. Relying on administrative data on workers and firms and reduced-form evaluation methods, I provide evidence on the effects of labor market policies on targeted individuals and firms, but also on the indirect effects. Second, to quantify the aggregate impact accounting for both direct and indirect effects, I build and estimate structural models, allowing for general equilibrium effects on the labor market. Chapter 1 studies an increase in the level of employment protection in Portugal and Chapter 2 considers the introduction of a minimum working time in France
An Introduction to the Bartik Benefit-Cost Model of Business Incentives
Get PDFThis short report provides an introduction to a new model of the benefits and costs of business incentives to promote state economic development. This model provides potential users—anyone interested in evaluating an incentive project or incentive program in their state—with a model that can be used for practical evaluation purposes, such as deciding whether or not a project should be undertaken, whether or not to expand or terminate a current incentive program, or how an incentive program could be improved by reforms to have higher net benefits. What is most distinctive about the model is that it focuses on how incentives potentially affect the real after-tax incomes per capita of state residents. Effects on per capita incomes are calculated for different income types and different income groups. Positive effects, such as increasing earnings per capita, are included, as well as potential negative effects, because growth may increase local costs, and because paying for incentives may have negative economic effects. This introduction is backed up by a lengthier report (Bartik 2023), which gives further model details
Not Just for Kids: Child and Dependent Care Credit Benefits for Adult Care
Get PDFAs the U.S. population ages, family caregivers face substantial out-of-pocket costs and financial risks while providing the majority of long-term care. The Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC), a tax credit based on income and care spending, subsidizes caregiving expenses but has low participation among adult caregivers. This paper evaluates the CDCC’s current structure, documenting its limited impact on reducing caregiving costs and examining reforms to increase its utility for adult caregivers. Simulations of proposed changes—higher benefits, refundability, and relaxed eligibility requirements—demonstrate potential to expand access and enhance support for family caregivers within the existing policy framework