Upjohn Research
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Does Expanding Medicaid Eligibility for Children Reduce Racial Disparities in Later-Life Labor Market Outcomes?
No full textThis project will assess whether public health insurance expansions for children reduce racial disparities in later-life labor market outcomes. My analysis will leverage a 1990 federal policy that increased Medicaid eligibility for children born after September 30, 1983. This resulted in a large discontinuity in cumulative years of eligibility of children born after the date cutoff. As a result of this policy, Black children experienced a much larger increase in insurance coverage than children of other races. Using nationally representative longitudinal survey data and a regression discontinuity design that compares outcomes of people born just before versus just after the cutoff, I will examine the effect of the policy on later-life labor market outcomes for Black and non-Black individuals. The results of this study will shed light on the long-term economic returns to public investments in children through policies such as Medicaid expansion
Skills, Majors, and Jobs: Does Higher Education Respond?
Get PDFHow does postsecondary human capital investment respond to changes in labor market skill demand? We quantify the magnitude and nature of this response in the U.S. 4-year sector. To do so, we develop a new measure of institution-major-specific labor demand, and corresponding shift-share instrument, that combines job ads with alumni locations. We find that postsecondary human capital investments meaningfully respond. We estimate elasticities for degrees and credits centered around 1.3, generally increasing with time horizon. We provide evidence that both student demand and institutional supply-side constraints matter. Our findings illuminate the nature of educational production in higher education
Effects of School-Based Mental Health Services on Youth Outcomes
No full textSchool-based mental health services (SBMH) may increase students’ access to care, which could yield benefits for mental health status and human capital-related outcomes. This paper uses a difference-in-differences design with 19 years of survey and administrative data to estimate the impacts of SBMH on a range of K-12 student outcomes. SBMH increases average outpatient mental health service use and reduces self-reported suicide attempts. There is weaker evidence that SBMH reduces suspensions and juvenile justice involvement, and no evidence that SBMH affects average attendance, standardized test scores, or self-reported substance use
Big Pushes, Little Hollywoods? Local Economic Development Effects of Film Tax Credit Lotteries
No full textIn this project, I propose to study the effects of location-based tax incentives in the motion picture industry on the geography of economic activity and resulting local labor market outcomes in subsidized and competing regions. Exploiting the California Film Commission’s (CFC) motion picture tax credit lotteries that randomly assigned $800 million in credits to approximately 650 of 2000 film applicants from 2009 to 2015 across several distinct allocation rounds, the program design is ideal for econometric evaluation. Rarely are such randomized trials available to study labor market outcomes in the economic development literature
The Long-Run Impacts of Public Industrial Investment on Local Development and Economic Mobility: Evidence from World War II
Get PDFThis paper studies the long-run effects of government-led construction of manufacturing plants on the regions where they were built and on individuals from those regions. Specifically, we examine publicly financed plants built in dispersed locations outside of major urban centers for security reasons during the United States’ industrial mobilization for World War II. Wartime plant construction had large and persistent impacts on local development, characterized by an expansion of relatively high-wage manufacturing employment throughout the postwar era. These benefits were shared by incumbent residents; we find men born before WWII in counties where plants were built earned $1,200 (in 2020 dollars) or 2.5 percent more per year in adulthood relative to those born in counterfactual comparison regions, with larger benefits accruing to children of lower-income parents. The balance of evidence suggests that these individuals benefited primarily from the local expansion of higher-wage jobs to which they had access as adults, rather than because of developmental effects from exposure to better environments during childhood