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A red button does it all : a red button nudges students to close their knowledge gaps in an intelligent tutoring system
No full textBackground
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) often adaptively provide students with additional learning materials to close knowledge gaps automatically recognized by the system. In addition, students may be nudged with notification badges to close their knowledge gaps.
Aim
This study evaluated the effectiveness of implementing a notification badge (small red button) reminding students to close their knowledge gaps. We also investigated the association between closing knowledge gaps and performance while controlling for other relevant factors (e.g., usage behavior, system features, and teachers’ assignment types).
Sample
We considered 105,081 students (in 6,668 classes working on ∼25 million problems) who used an ITS for learning mathematics.
Methods
We employed hierarchical linear regression analysis to evaluate whether students were more likely to close their knowledge gaps in a period in which notification badges were implemented in the ITS, as compared to a period without notification badges. Moreover, we used psychological network analysis and hierarchical linear regression analysis to evaluate whether closing knowledge gaps was associated with students’ performance relative to other relevant factors.
Results
Students closed 28 % of their knowledge gaps when the red button notification badge nudged them, but only 5 % when there was no red button. Closing knowledge gaps predicted better student performance and was a more important predictor than students' usage behavior, other system features, and teachers’ assignment types.
Conclusions
Our study highlights the relevance of nudges within ITS for closing knowledge gaps and shows that closing knowledge gaps is linked to students’ performance
Cognitive flexibility in aging : the impact of age range and task difficulty on local switch costs in task switching
No full textIntroduction: Previous studies provided inconclusive results regarding the
effects of aging on the ability to flexibly switch between task rules (local switch
cost). The goal of the present study was to investigate the influence of age on
the local switch costs at two levels of difficulty (easy task switching: two task
rules vs. difficult task switching: four task rules).
Methods: The local switch costs, i.e., reaction time and error differences
between trials with a task switch and task repetition relative to the previous trial,
were compared in a group of young adults (19 to 33 years) and three groups of
older adults (64–72; 73–80; 82–97 years).
Results: The analysis of the switch costs showed significantly higher switch costs
of the three groups of older adults compared to the younger adults and the
effect was more pronounced in the difficult task switching than in the easy task
switching. At the same time, there were no clear differences in the local switch
costs between the three groups of older adults.
Discussion: The results showed that even after the age-related slowdown was
taken into account, age differences in local switch costs will emerge when the
age range of older adults is extended and task difficulty is sufficiently high. These
findings contribute to our understanding of how and when age differences in
cognitive flexibility emerge and suggest that complex multitasking environments
may disproportionately challenge older adults
MLUH-E-139_1, Pandion haliaetus haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758), eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-139_1, Object: eggshell, Species: Pandion haliaetus haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758), Preservation: complete preservation, Locality_loc.: Wolgadelta, Locality today: Russia/Kazakhstan, Country: Russia/KazakhstanDate: ?, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 178, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1903, Aquired from: W. Schlüter, ex Collection: ex. Coll. W. Schlüte
Validation of the state self-compassion scale in a German sample and its relations to psychological well-being and mental health
No full textObjectives
This study aimed to translate and validate the State Self-Compassion Scale in its long (SSCS-L, 18 items) and short form (SSCS-S, 6 items) for German-speaking samples and to investigate its associations with psychological well-being and mental health.
Method
An online sample (n = 1,436) completed the translated SSCS-L and other psychological state and trait measures. Factor structures were examined using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM). Associations between subscales of SSCS-L and other constructs were investigated using partial correlational network models.
Results
A 6-factor ESEM based on 16 items showed the best fit for the SSCS-L; a global self-compassion factor—and thus using a total score—was not supported. Subscales self-kindness and self-judgment showed acceptable to good internal consistency, all others only marginally acceptable or fair internal consistency. With the SSCS-S, a 2-factor ESEM fits best, representing positive compassionate and negative non-compassionate self-responding. The network model showed positive unique links between positive subscales of SSCS-L and predictors and indicators of well-being; and negative unique links between negative subscales and these indicators. Negative subscales of SSCS-L were positively related to mental distress, while positive subscales showed inverse associations.
Conclusions
We present the 16-item SSCS-L and 6-item SSCS-S as useful tools for assessing state self-compassion as a multidimensional construct in research and interventions. We recommend using the SSCS-L with its six and the SSCS-S with its two subscales, and advise researchers to check factor structure and reliability in their samples due to potential variability across contexts
MLUH-E-50_1 , Falco eleonorae Géné, 1839, eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-50_1 , Object: eggshell, Species: Falco eleonorae Géné, 1839, Preservation: medium damage, Locality_loc.: Cykladen, Locality today: Cyclades, Country: GreeceCollector_leg.: Dr. T. J. Krüper, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 191, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, ex Collection: ex. Coll. Dr. T. J. Krüper, Additional Information: Damaged with repai
De novo annotation reveals transcriptomic complexity across the hexaploid wheat pan-genome
No full textWheat is the most widely cultivated crop in the world, with over 215 million hectares grown annually. The 10+ Wheat Genomes Project recently sequenced and assembled to chromosome-level the genomes of nine wheat cultivars, uncovering genetic diversity and selection within the pan-genome of wheat. Here, we provide a wheat pan-transcriptome with de novo annotation and differential expression analysis for these wheat cultivars across multiple tissues. Using the de novo annotations we identify cultivar-specific genes and define the core and dispensable genomes. Expression analysis across cultivars and tissues reveals conservation in expression between a large core set of homeologous genes, in addition to widespread changes in subgenome homeolog expression bias between cultivars and cultivar-specific expression profiles. We utilise both the newly constructed gene-based wheat pan-genome and pan-transcriptome, demonstrating variation in the prolamin superfamily and immune-reactive proteins across cultivars
MLUH-E-135_1, Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758), eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-135_1, Object: eggshell, Species: Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758), Preservation: complete preservation, Locality_loc.: Broomehill; W. Australia, Locality today: Broomehill, Country: AustraliaCollector_leg.: T. Carter, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 178, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1935, Aquired from: W. F. H. Rosenberg, ex Collection: ex. Coll. W. F. H. Rosenberg; ex. Coll. T. Carte
Comparison of different reducing agents for the synthesis of mayenite electride C12A7:2e− and a new photometric method to determine its electron density
Get PDFDiscovered in 2003 the mayenite electride (Ca12Al14O33–x(2e–)x) is the first electride being stable under ambient conditions. Different reaction conditions are known to result in samples with strongly deviating electron contents x. Various methods for determining x have been applied but have individual disadvantages. Therefore, a new alternative approach based on the reduction of dichromate and its photometric quantification is introduced and evaluated in this paper. For this, mayenite oxide was synthesised via classical solid-state synthesis and afterwards reduced by heating pellets embedded in the respective reducing agents under dynamic vacuum. Using carbon, titanium and zirconium as oxygen getters, different degrees of reduction were achieved. The electron densities of the obtained electrides were determined using iodometric titration, conductivity measurements and the new dichromate based photometry. Our results show that the latter method is feasible, robust and leads to well-reproducible, reliable values
Micellar solvent accessibility of esterified polyoxyethylene chains as crucial element of polysorbate oxidation : A density functional theory, molecular dynamics simulation and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry investigation
Get PDFGiven that the amphiphilicity of polysorbates represents a key factor in the protection of proteins from particle formation, the loss of this property through degradative processes is a significant concern. Therefore, the present study sought to identify the factors that contribute to the oxidative cleavage of the polysorbate (PS) molecule and to ascertain the preferred sites of degradation. In order to gain insight into the radical susceptibility of the individual polysorbate segments and their accessibility to water, conceptual density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. The behavior of monoesters and diesters was examined in both monomer form and within the context of micelles. The theoretical results were corroborated by experimental findings, wherein polysorbate 20 was subjected to 50 ppb Fe2+ and 100,000 lx·h of visible light, and subsequently stored at 25 °C/60% r.h. or 40 °C/75% r.h. for a period of 3 months. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that unesterified polyoxyethylene(POE) chains within a polysorbate 20 molecule exhibited the greatest water accessibility, indicating their heightened susceptibility to oxidation. Nevertheless, the oxidative cleavage of esterified polyoxyethylene chains of a polysorbate 20 molecule is highly detrimental to the protective effect on protein particle formation. This occurs presumably at the oxyethylene (OE) units in the vicinity of the sorbitan ring, leaving a nonamphiphilic molecule in the worst case. Consequently, the critical degradation sites were identified, resulting in the formation of degradation products that indicate a loss of amphiphilicity in PS
APOBEC3C-meziated NF-κB activation enhances clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression
Get PDFRenowned as the predominant form of kidney cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) exhibits susceptibility to immunotherapies due to its specific expression profile as well as notable immune cell infiltration. Despite this, effectively treating metastatic ccRCC remains a significant challenge, necessitating a more profound comprehension of the underlying molecular mechanisms governing its progression. Here, we unveil that the enhanced expression of the RNA-binding protein DNA dC → dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3C (APOBEC3C; also known as A3C) in ccRCC tissue and ccRCC-derived cell lines serves as a catalyst for tumor growth by amplifying nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity. By employing RNA-sequencing and cell-based assays in ccRCC-derived cell lines, we determined that A3C is a stress-responsive factor and crucial for cell survival. Furthermore, we identified that A3C binds and potentially stabilizes messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding positive regulators of the NF-κB pathway. Upon A3C depletion, essential subunits of the NF-κB family are abnormally restrained in the cytoplasm, leading to deregulation of NF-κB target genes. Our study illuminates the pivotal role of A3C in promoting ccRCC tumor development, positioning it as a prospective target for future therapeutic strategies