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Invasion timing affects multiple scales, metrics, and facets of biodiversity outcomes in ecological restoration experiments
No full textThe need to develop optimal restoration protocols for degraded grasslands has led to experimental research aimed at determining how different restoration treatments influence outcomes for biodiversity. The magnitude and direction of diversity responses to restoration treatments may depend on the spatial scale at which diversity is measured (local, regional), the metric of diversity used (Hill numbers), and the facet of diversity (taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic) considered. We conducted a long-term factorial experiment in a degraded grassland in Missouri, USA, in which we experimentally applied a regionally appropriate biodiverse seed mixture, added soil nutrients to restore soil fertility, and varied the timing in which the invasive plant Lespedeza cuneata entered the community. We used a unified framework of Hill numbers to evaluate how treatments influenced diversity, considering different spatial scales, metrics, and facets (taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional). We find that the timing in which the invasive L. cuneata entered the community had large effects on diversity, while nutrient addition had more limited effects. This was driven by the high dominance of the focal invasive when allowed to invade early in the growing season, suppressing diversity. The positive effects of late invasion increased in magnitude with spatial grain and were higher for taxonomic than phylogenetic and functional facets of diversity. This was largely due to the dominance of the focal invasive, negatively affecting diversity within specific plant families or functional phenotypes across treatments. Under early invasion, nutrients had a negative effect, particularly at local scales, inflating beta diversity in this treatment and resulting in negative to no effect of late invasion on many aspects of beta diversity. Our results demonstrate the importance of looking at a multitude of different measures of diversity to understand the relative effects of ecological restoration treatments combined with invasion timing. Efforts to keep noxious plant invaders out of a system early in restoration approaches better allow desirable, native plants to establish and can have long-term benefits for multiple aspects of diversity
MLUH-E-291_1, Buteo lagopus lagopus (Pontoppidan, 1763), eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-291_1, Object: eggshell, Species: Buteo lagopus lagopus (Pontoppidan, 1763), Preservation: complete preservation, Locality_loc.: Lappland, Locality today: Russia/Finland/Sweden/Norway, Country: Russia/Finland/Sweden/NorwayCollection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 167, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1892, Aquired from: W. Schlüter, ex Collection: ex. Coll. W. Schlüte
MLUH-E-174_3, Accipiter gentilis gentilis (Linnaeus, 1758), eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-174_3, Object: eggshell, Species: Accipiter gentilis gentilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Preservation: complete preservation, Locality_loc.: Burgtonnaer Holz bei Gotha, Locality today: Burgtonna, Country: GermanyCollector_leg.: O. Martin, Date: 20/04/1912, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 157, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1912, Aquired from: O. Martin, ex Collection: ex. Coll. O. Marti
MLUH-E-195_1, Buteo spec., eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-195_1, Object: eggshell, Species: Buteo spec., Preservation: severe damageCollection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 144, Identification by: J. Dahlk
Highly branched sulfated glycopolymers as mucin mimetics
No full textMucins are highly complex glycoproteins that form protective and lubricating barriers around epithelial surfaces, e.g., in the respiratory tract, to protect against pathogens. The isolation and purification of natural mucins without compromising their structure and thus their properties remain challenging. Glycopolymers as mucin mimetics have shown great potential in biomedical research, for example, in mucosal barrier enhancement and respiratory disease treatment, or in improving surface lubrication and adhesion properties. Here, we introduce double-brushed mucin mimetic glycopolymers, replicating for the first time a structural design that more closely imitates key architectural features of natural mucins. By combining solid-phase synthesis of sequence-defined glycooligomers and their attachment onto polyactive ester scaffolds, we enable access to a library of linear, brushed, and double-brushed glycopolymers with controlled variations of structural parameters, such as overall chain length, number, and length of branches, as well as number of carbohydrates and degree of sulfation. By using light and neutron scattering as well as atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule force spectroscopy and imaging, we can demonstrate that the double-brushed architecture is responsible for successfully mimicking critical mucin properties, such as their adhesion to hydrophilic surfaces and an extended conformation, properties that are not achieved with single-brushed or linear analogues. Thus, our findings show that double-brushed sulfated glycopolymers effectively replicate key characteristics of natural mucins, advancing their potential as mucin models, as well as for use in biomedical applications
MLUH-E-32_2, Falco subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758, eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-32_2, Object: eggshell, Species: Falco subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758, Preservation: complete preservation, Locality_loc.: Harburg, Locality today: Harburg, Country: GermanyCollection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 190, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1939, Aquired from: J. F. G. Umlauff, ex Collection: ex. Coll. J. F. G. Umlauf
Protein intake and cardiovascular diseases : an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline on protein intake of the German Nutrition Society
No full textPurpose
This umbrella review aimed to investigate the evidence for an association of dietary intake of total protein as well as animal and plant protein with the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and total cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Methods
PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Database were systematically searched for systematic reviews (SRs) of prospective studies with or without meta-analysis (MA) published between January 2012 and April 2024. Methodological quality, outcome-specific certainty of evidence, and overall certainty of evidence were assessed using established tools and predefined criteria.
Results
Ten SRs were considered eligible for the umbrella review; all were based on prospective cohort studies, and six conducted a MA. Dietary intakes of total, animal and plant protein were not associated with the risk of CHD or stroke. For CHD, the overall certainty of evidence for the absence of an association was “probable” for total, animal and plant protein. For stroke and total CVD, the overall certainty of evidence was rated as “possible” for the absence of an association with the intake of total protein and plant protein and insufficient for animal protein intake.
Conclusion
Given that most SRs on dietary protein intake did not indicate an association, it seems that protein intake plays no major role in the development of CVD. This investigation was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42018082395
Chemistry in Transition: Kultur- und sozialwissenschaftliche Beiträge zu einer nachhaltigen Chemie in einer sozial-ökologisch transformierten Gesellschaft
No full textFür die ökologische Wende der gegenwärtigen Gesellschaft bildet die Transformation zu einer nachhaltigen chemischen Industrie eine der zentralen Voraussetzungen. Denn die materiellen Grundlagen dieser Gesellschaft sind zum größten Teil von der chemischen Industrie hervorgebracht. Diese Situation stellt eine große Herausforderung dar, könnte aber auch eine Chance bieten, die gesellschaftliche Stellung der Chemie neu zu definieren, indem sie sich glaubwürdig mit den gesellschaftlichen Veränderungsprozessen verknüpft, die unter der Überschrift Just transition zusammengefasst werden. Wertewandel in Industrie und Gesellschaft scheinen notwendig zu sein, um mit gängigen Rationalitäten, Ansprüchen und Verhaltensmustern in der materiellen Kultur der Gegenwart zu brechen und neue dauerhaft zu begründen. Eine konstruktiv kritische sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Begleitung kann dazu beitragen, diese „weichen“ Aspekte der Transformation zu erfassen und zu adressieren. Die zu begleitenden Transformationsprozesse umfassen dabei sowohl die in den Produktionsnetzwerken der chemischen Industrie vorherrschenden Handlungsmuster, Organisationsformen und Zielvorgaben als auch die gesellschaftlichen Umgänge mit „der Chemie“ und ihren Produkten.Das Just Transition Center ist ein Projekt der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg und beschäftigt sich mit Übermorgen-Fragen für einen gerechten, nachhaltigen und klimaneutralen Übergang in der Strukturwandelregion Mitteldeutsches Revier. Dafür arbeiten 17 interdisziplinäre Forschungsteams und vier Revierscouts eng mit den Akteuren in der Fokusregion südliches Sachsen-Anhalt zusammen und entwickeln Lösungen und Strategien für die Transformationsgesellschaft
Artificial intelligence-assisted biparametric MRI for detecting prostate cancer : a comparative multireader multicase accuracy study
No full textObjectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of AI-assisted biparametric MRI (AI-bpMRI) in detecting prostate cancer (PCa) as a possible replacement for multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) depending on readers’ experience. Methods: This fully crossed, multireader multicase, single-centre, consecutive study retrospectively included men with suspected PCa. Three radiologists with different levels of experience independently scored each participant’s biparametric (bp) MRI, mpMRI, and AI-bpMRI according to the PI-RADS V2.1 classification. The AI-assisted image processing was based on a sequential deep learning network. Histopathological findings were used as a reference. The study evaluated the mean areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) using the jackknife method for covariance. AUCs were tested for non-inferiority of AI-bpMRI to mpMRI (non-inferiority margin: −0.05). Results: A total of 105 men (mean age 66 ± 7 years) were evaluated. AI-bpMRI was non-inferior to mpMRI in detecting both Gleason score (GS) ≥ 3 + 4 PCa (AUC difference: 0.03 [95% CI: −0.03, 0.08], p = 0.37) and GS ≥ 3 + 3 PCa (AUC difference: 0.04 [95% CI: −0.01, 0.09], p = 0.14) and was superior to bpMRI in detecting GS ≥ 3 + 3 PCa (AUC difference: 0.07 [95% CI: 0.02, 0.12], p = 0.004). The benefit of AI-bpMRI was greatest for the readers with low or medium experience (AUC difference in detecting GS ≥ 3 + 4 compared to mpMRI: 0.06 [95% CI: −0.03, 0.14], p = 0.19 and 0.06 [95% CI: −0.03, 0.14], p = 0.19, respectively). Conclusions: This study indicates that AI-bpMRI detects PCa with a diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of mpMRI
MLUH-E-226_2, Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758), eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-226_2, Object: eggshell, Species: Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758), Preservation: complete preservation, Locality_loc.: Neuroda/Thüringen, Locality today: Neuroda, Country: GermanyCollector_leg.: M. Schönwetter, Date: 15/05/1909, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 166, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1909, Aquired from: Max Schönwette