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Farmers’ safe behavior of using wastewater for irrigation : the case of Northeast Iran
No full textIn countries facing physical water shortages, the safe use of treated wastewater can increase agricultural yields. However, farmers’ willingness to reuse water in agriculture is very low. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence 217,215 Iranian farmers who use treated wastewater to adopt safe irrigation practices. This study, which developed the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by including risk perception (RP) and knowledge factors, is a groundbreaking endeavor in the field of the safe use of treated wastewater at the farm level in Iran and around the world. The final model analysis was conducted based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings reveal that attitudes, perceived behavioral control (PBC), RP, and knowledge significantly influence farmers’ behaviors regarding safe wastewater use, while subjective norms did not impact intentions. The subjective norm in this study includes the perceived social pressure by farmers (through family, friends, the farming community, and local authorities) to perform or not perform safe behavior in using treated wastewater for irrigation. Notably, PBC was the most important component in the original TPB model, because intention has a beneficial impact on behavior. In the extended model, knowledge and risk perception emerged as critical elements. Therefore, intervention policies should prioritize enhancing farmers’ knowledge, risk perception, and perceived behavioral control to promote safe treated wastewater usage. This study offers valuable insights for developing countries in agricultural practices
Characteristics, reporting, risk of bias and pragmatism in prehospital emergency care randomised trials from 2010 to 2024 : a protocol for a meta-epidemiological study
No full textIntroduction Prehospital emergency care (PEC) requires rapid evidence-based decisions to maximise the effectiveness of care and to improve clinical outcomes. There are multiple challenges related to clinical research performed in the PEC setting. The aim of our study is to systematically review and assess the characteristics, quality of reporting, risk of bias and pragmatism in recent PEC trials, thereby identifying potential gaps and strengths that can guide the design of future prehospital studies.
Methods and analysis We will systematically search databases MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL to identify all randomised controlled trials conducted in the field of PEC and published in English language between 2010 and 2024. No restrictions will be made to the participants, interventions and outcomes. Risk of bias will be evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. The level of pragmatism will be assessed using the Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 score. Exploratory data analysis will be used to investigate and summarise main patterns. Differences in characteristics between PEC fields, study designs, publication year and associations between pragmatism levels, risk of bias and quality of reporting will be the primary focus.
Ethics and dissemination There are no ethical concerns directly relevant to this review. This study has been previously registered with the Open Science Framework (osf.io/rzn9j). The manuscript will be submitted for publication to a relevant, peer-reviewed journal
Differential immune checkpoint expression in CD4+ and CD4− NKT cell populations during healthy pregnancy
No full textThis study investigated the expression of immune checkpoint molecules on CD4+ and CD4− NKT cell subpopulations throughout healthy pregnancy trimesters and in non-pregnant condition to understand their role in maternal–fetal immunotolerance. Using flow cytometry, we found that CD4− NKT cells significantly outnumbered CD4+ NKT cells in all investigated groups. In the case of the immune checkpoint molecules, PD-1 receptor expression was significantly lower in CD4− NKT cells compared to CD4+ counterpart cells only in non-pregnant women, while the PD-L1 ligand expression on CD4+ NKT cells significantly decreased in the third trimester. In contrast, LAG-3 and Galectin-3 expressions remained stable across all subsets and trimesters. For the TIGIT/CD226 axis, CD226 expression was significantly higher in CD4+ NKT cells in the third trimester and in non-pregnant women. The two ligands CD112 and CD155 were consistently lower on CD4− NKT cells across all groups. The activating receptor NKG2D was significantly higher on CD4− NKT cells in all examined cohorts. These findings suggest that CD4+ NKT cells tend towards a more tolerogenic phenotype, while CD4− NKT cells maintain a balanced cytotoxic potential with reduced immunoregulation function. The dynamic regulation of immune checkpoints on NKT cell subsets, particularly the downregulation of PD-L1 and CD226 in late pregnancy, highlights their fine-tuned role in balancing maternal–fetal immune tolerance with readiness for parturition
MLUH-E-161_1, Circus aeruginosus aeruginosus (Linnaeus, 1758), eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-161_1, Object: eggshell, Species: Circus aeruginosus aeruginosus (Linnaeus, 1758), Preservation: complete preservation, Locality_loc.: Brandenburg an der Havel, Locality today: Brandenburg an der Havel, Country: GermanyCollector_leg.: G. Benke, Date: 08/05/1919, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 176, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1919, Aquired from: G. Benke, ex Collection: ex. Coll. G. Benk
Global homogenisation of plant communities along mountain roads by non-native species despite mixed effects at smaller scales
No full textAim
Mountain ecosystems are experiencing increased invasion of non-native plants. These increases in non-native species put mountains at risk of biotic homogenisation and a reduction of biodiversity. Our study aims to test if non-native plant species are contributing to biotic homogenisation along roadways in mountain regions and how this changes along elevation gradients and across spatial scales.
Location
18 globally distributed mountain regions.
Time Period
2012–2023.
Major Taxa Studied
Vascular plants.
Methods
We used standardised vegetation surveys including species cover from 18 mountain regions worldwide to analyse whether the addition of non-native species to the native flora increased or decreased Bray–Curtis dissimilarity (i.e., beta-diversity) among roadside plant communities along elevation gradients ranging from 15 to 3919 m a.s.l. We tested this at the local, regional, continental and global scales using mixed-effects models and confirmed it using null models.
Results
In the New World, we mainly observed homogenisation across regions and scales, as beta-diversity was mostly lower with the addition of non-native species. This was particularly true for low elevations. In contrast, we predominantly found community differentiation in the Old World, specifically at smaller (i.e., local and regional) scales. At the global scale, communities became more similar through the addition of non-native species at all elevations.
Main Conclusions
Large-scale homogenisation might be interpreted as a signal that high-elevation plant communities along roadways may become more similar as non-native species continue to spread upwards. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms driving the observed patterns of both homogenisation and differentiation by non-native species, and explore the potential consequences of these patterns for ecosystem function and resilience
MLUH-E-81_2, Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758, eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-81_2, Object: eggshell, Species: Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758, Preservation: complete preservation, Locality_loc.: Tresenwald östlich von Leipzig, Locality today: Leipzig, Country: GermanyDate: 26/05/1912, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 192, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1938, Aquired from: W. Makatsch, ex Collection: ex. Coll. W. Makatsch, Additional Information: sign. 136
MLUH-E-178_1, Accipiter badius (Gmelin, JF, 1788), eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-178_1, Object: eggshell, Species: Accipiter badius (Gmelin, JF, 1788), Preservation: good preservation, Locality_loc.: Olymp, Locality today: Mount Olympus, Country: GreeceCollector_leg.: Dr. T. J. Krüper, Date: ?, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 159, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1928, Aquired from: Dr. Henrici, ex Collection: ex. Coll. Dr. Henrici; ex. Coll. Dr. T. J. Krüpe
Ausgepackt : Praktiken der Erzeugung und Vermeidung von Verpackungsabfällen
No full textDie Dissertation untersucht Lebensmittelverpackungsabfälle als soziales Phänomen. Mithilfe von Praxistheorien richtet sie den Blick auf ernährungsbezogene Praktiken, in denen Verpackungen verwendet und vermieden werden – und damit auf das Zusammenspiel von Stabilität und Wandel. Artikel I zeigt, wie Einwegverpackungen in häusliche Praktiken verwoben sind und wie ihre materielle Flexibilität ihre Nutzung sichert. Artikel II analysiert am Beispiel des verpackungsfreien Einkaufs, wie neue Praktiken Personen rekrutieren, und führt das Konzept der Verbindungspunkte ein. Artikel III rekonstruiert das Aufkommen des Verpackens in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts als Teil einer Konfiguration und zeigt, wie Praktiken es stabilisieren. Insgesamt wird deutlich, dass Verpackungsabfälle entstehen, weil Verpackungen für die Performanz und Konfiguration ernährungsbezogener Praktiken erforderlich sind – und dass ihre Vermeidung eine Transformation dieser erfordert
MLUH-E-8_1, Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771, eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-8_1, Object: eggshell, Species: Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771, Preservation: complete preservation, Locality_loc.: Freienhagen Brandenburg, Locality today: Germany, Country: GermanyCollector_leg.: Frl. H. Ickert, Date: 15/04/1919, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 189, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1919, Aquired from: Frl. H. Ickert, ex Collection: ex. Coll. Frl. H. Ickert, Additional Information: collected in Freihenhagen 10km northeast of Oranienbur
MLUH-E-99_1, Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758, eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-99_1, Object: eggshell, Species: Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758, Preservation: complete preservation, Locality_loc.: Halle an der Saale, Locality today: Halle(Saale), Country: GermanyDate: 13/05/1902, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 192, Identification by: M. Schönwette