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A language-culture comparison to enrich our understanding of cultures
No full textInternational audienc
Effects of Early Motor Interventions on Gross Motor and Locomotor Development for Infants at-Risk of Motor Delay: A Systematic Review
No full textInternational audienceAim: To systematically examine the effect of early motor interventions on motor and locomotor development in infants <1 year of age with motor developmental disability or at risk of motor delay. Methods: Pertinent literature from January 2000 to September 2021 was identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Pedro and Web of Science databases. Selection criteria included interventions starting before 12 months corrected age. Methodological quality was assessed with AACPDM criteria, Mallen score and Cochrane risk of bias methodology. Evaluation procedure was performed using PRISMA protocol (PICO approach) and AMSTAR-2. This review was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42021286445). Results: Ten articles met the inclusion criteria; seven had moderate to strong methodological quality. The interventions included treadmill training (n = 3), crawling training (n = 1), "tummy time" (n = 1), physical therapy with neonatal developmental program (n = 1) or Bobath approach (n = 1), treadmill training combined with active leg movements (n = 2) or Bobath physiotherapy (n = 1). The three key characteristics of effective interventions that emerged from the review were: (1) the infants' disability or risk of delay was well-defined; (2) the protocol was standardized and easy to replicate; (3) infants were required to make active movements. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for additional high-quality studies on the effects of early motor interventions on the gross motor and locomotor development of infants with a range of disabilities or risks for delay. Suggestions for future research are outlined
Optical and microphysical characterization of atmospheric aerosol in the Central Mediterranean during simultaneous volcanic ash and desert dust transport events
No full textInternational audienceVolcanic plume aerosol following the paroxysmal event of Mount Etna (Italy) in February 21st - 26th, 2021 was detected in Naples area (Italy), together with transport of Saharan dust aerosol, combining lidar, sunphotometer and satellite observations with back-trajectories and dispersion models simulations. Lidar data allowed to clearly distinguish the two main aerosol components, to investigate the spectral dependence of the aerosol optical properties and to retrieve their microphysical properties, essential for a detailed aerosol characterization. A new Monte Carlo algorithm, capable of retrieving the particle size distribution from lidar measurements, was applied. Lidar results are in good agreement with columnar integrated sunphotometer data. This combination of novel lidar observations of the vertically-resolved aerosol microphysics, column observations and modelling allows for a more complete description of multi-layered aerosol conditions
SIR Epidemics With State-Dependent Costs and ICU Constraints: A Hamilton-Jacobi Verification Argument and Dual LP Algorithms
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this paper is twofold. On one hand, we strive to give a simpler proof of the optimality of greedy controls when the cost of interventions is control-affine and the dynamics follow a state-constrained controlled SIR model. This is achieved using the Hamilton-Jacobi characterization of the value function, via the verification argument and explicit trajectorybased computations. Aside from providing an alternative to the Pontryagin complex arguments in [5], this method allows one to consider more general classes of costs; in particular statedependent ones. On the other hand, the paper is completed by linear programming methods allowing to deal with possibly discontinuous costs. In particular, we propose a brief exposition of classes of linearized dynamic programming principles based on our previous work and ensuing dual linear programming algorithms. We emphasize the particularities of our state space and possible generations of forward scenarios using the description of reachable sets
L'organisation politico-administrative de la présidence française du Conseil de l'Union européenne
No full textInternational audienc
Patient-Ventilator Synchrony in Extremely Premature Neonates during Non-Invasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist or Synchronized Intermittent Positive Airway Pressure: A Randomized Crossover Pilot Trial
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Synchronization of non-invasive ventilation is challenging in extremely premature infants. We compared patient-ventilator synchrony between non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) using transdiaphragmatic (Edi) catheter and synchronized intermittent positive airway pressure (SiPAP) using an abdominal trigger. Methods: This study was a monocentric, randomized, crossover trial in premature infants born before 28 weeks of gestation, aged 3 days or more, and below 32 weeks postmenstrual age. NIV-NAVA and SiPAP were applied in a random order for 2 h with analysis of data from the second hour. The primary outcome was the asynchrony index. Results: Fourteen patients were included (median [IQR] gestational age at birth 25.6 (25.3–26.4) weeks, median [IQR] birth weight 755 [680–824] g, median [IQR] postnatal age 26.5 [19.8–33.8] days). The median (IQR) asynchrony index was significantly lower in NIV-NAVA versus SiPAP (49.9% [44.1–52.6] vs. 85.8% [74.2–90.9], p < 0.001). Ineffective efforts and auto-triggering were significantly less frequent in NIV-NAVA versus SiPAP (3.0% vs. 32.0% p < 0.001 and 10.0% vs. 26.6%, p = 0.004, respectively). Double triggering was significantly less frequent in SiPAP versus NIV-NAVA (0.0% vs. 9.0%, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed for premature cycling and late cycling. Peak Edi and swing Edi were significantly lower in NIV-NAVA as compared to SiPAP (7.7 [6.1–9.9] vs. 11.0 [6.7–14.5] μV, p = 0.006; 5.4 [4.2–7.6] vs. 7.6 [4.3–10.8] μV, p = 0.007, respectively). No significant difference was observed between NIV-NAVA and SiPAP for heart rate, respiratory rate, COMFORTneo scores, apnoea, desaturations, or bradycardias. Discussion/Conclusion: NIV-NAVA markedly improves patient-ventilator synchrony as compared to SiPAP in extremely premature infants
Les aéroports secondaires en France métropolitaine. Une approche territorialisée des trajectoires entre 1990 et 2016
No full textThe French airport landscape can be hierarchically divided into three groups of airports: the Parisian airports of Roissy-Charles de Gaulle and Orly, the regional airports with up to several million annual passengers serving the main French regional cities, and a set of airports with a wide variety of traffic serving mainly medium-sized cities. The thesis focuses on this last category of airports, which we describe as secondary in reference to their hierarchical position. Between the 1960s and the end of the 1980s, these airports enabled the implementation of a national land-use planning policy, of which public financial support for air services was one of the tools. They have traditionally played a role in linking medium-sized towns with Paris and regions with each other, in the name of opening up and economic development. However, a number of developments since then have put this role into perspective and questioned its recomposition. The first major development concerns the liberalisation of European air transport between 1987 and 1997, which resulted in the opening up of the market to competition and a ban on aid paid to carriers and airports. In order to allow airports to better adapt to this liberalised framework, the French State organised the decentralisation of 150 airports in 2004. The local authorities that volunteered became owners of the airport infrastructure and responsible for the airport development strategy. The State has encouraged them to renew airport strategies and move towards cooperation between airports. Furthermore, the secondary airports are located in medium-sized towns which have themselves evolved and represent varied situations from a demographic and socio-economic point of view. Some have benefited from improved access times to Paris thanks to the development of high-speed rail. Thus, to answer the question of the evolution of the traditional role of secondary airports, we mobilise a territorialised approach which seeks to analyse the way in which territorial and economic actors have appropriated this infrastructure between 1990 and 2016. We hypothesise that the mobilisation of these territorial factors makes it possible to explain the varied trajectories of secondary airports and to understand the evolution of the airport's role for its territory.Le paysage aéroportuaire français peut être hiérarchisé en trois groupes d’aéroports : les aéroports parisiens de Roissy-Charles de Gaulle et d’Orly, les aéroports régionaux enregistrant jusqu’à plusieurs millions de passagers annuels et desservant les principales métropoles régionales françaises, ainsi qu’un ensemble d’aéroports très variés du point de vue du trafic et desservant principalement des territoires de villes moyennes. La thèse s’intéresse à cette dernière catégorie d’aéroports que nous qualifions de secondaires en référence à leur position hiérarchique. Ces aéroports ont permis, entre les années 1960 et la fin des années 1980, la mise en œuvre d’une politique nationale d’aménagement du territoire dont l’aide financière publique à la desserte aérienne était l’un des outils. Ils ont traditionnellement assuré un rôle de mise en relation des villes moyennes avec Paris et des régions entre elles, au nom du désenclavement et du développement économique. Mais un certain nombre d’évolutions intervenues depuis relativisent ce rôle et interrogent sa recomposition. La première évolution majeure concerne la libéralisation du transport aérien européen entre 1987 et 1997 qui s’est traduite par une ouverture du marché à la concurrence et par une interdiction des aides versées aux transporteurs et aux aéroports. Afin de permettre aux aéroports de mieux s’adapter à ce cadre libéralisé, l’Etat français a organisé la décentralisation de 150 aéroports en 2004. Les collectivités territoriales qui se sont portées volontaires sont devenues propriétaires des infrastructures aéroportuaires et compétentes en matière de stratégie de développement de l’aéroport. L’Etat les a encouragées à renouveler les stratégies aéroportuaires et à tendre vers une coopération entre aéroports. Par ailleurs, les aéroports secondaires s’inscrivent dans des territoires de villes moyennes qui ont eux-mêmes évolué et représentent des situations variées du point de vue démographique et socio-économique. Certains ont bénéficié d’une amélioration des temps d’accès à Paris grâce au développement de la grande vitesse ferroviaire. Ainsi, pour répondre à la question de l’évolution du rôle traditionnel des aéroports secondaires, nous mobilisons une approche territorialisée qui s’attache à analyser la façon dont les acteurs territoriaux et économiques se sont appropriés cette infrastructure entre 1990 et 2016. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que la mobilisation de ces facteurs territoriaux permet d’expliquer les trajectoires variées des aéroports secondaires et de comprendre l’évolution du rôle de l’aéroport pour son territoire
Coronary Flow Assessment Using 3-Dimensional Ultrafast Ultrasound Localization Microscopy
No full textInternational audienceObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate 3-dimensional (3D) coronary ultrasound localization microscopy (CorULM) of the whole heart beyond the acoustic diffraction limit (1000 images/s).BackgroundDirect assessment of the coronary microcirculation has long been hampered by the limited spatial and temporal resolutions of cardiac imaging modalities.MethodsCorULM was performed in isolated beating rat hearts (N = 6) with ultrasound contrast agents (Sonovue, Bracco), using an ultrasonic matrix transducer connected to a high channel–count ultrafast electronics. We assessed the 3D coronary microvascular anatomy, flow velocity, and flow rate of beating hearts under normal conditions, during vasodilator adenosine infusion, and during coronary occlusion. The coronary vasculature was compared with micro-computed tomography performed on the fixed heart. In vivo transthoracic CorULM was eventually assessed on anaesthetized rats (N = 3).ResultsCorULM enables the 3D visualization of the coronary vasculature in beating hearts at a scale down to microvascular structures (<20 μm resolution). Absolute flow velocity estimates range from 10 mm/s in tiny arterioles up to more than 300 mm/s in large arteries. Fitting to a power law, the flow rate–radius relationship provides an exponent of 2.61 (r2 = 0.96; P < 0.001), which is consistent with theoretical predictions and experimental validations of scaling laws in vascular trees. A 2-fold increase of the microvascular coronary flow rate is found in response to adenosine, which is in good agreement with the overall perfusion flow rate measured in the aorta (control measurement) that increased from 8.80 ± 1.03 mL/min to 16.54 ± 2.35 mL/min (P < 0.001). The feasibility of CorULM was demonstrated in vivo for N = 3 rats.ConclusionCorULM provides unprecedented insights into the anatomy and function of coronary arteries at the microvasculature level in beating hearts. This new technology is highly translational and has the potential to become a major tool for the clinical investigation of the coronary microcirculation
An Arabidopsis mutant deficient in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinases ß1 and ß2 displays altered auxin-related responses in roots
No full textInternational audiencePhosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) are the first enzymes that commit phosphatidylinositol into the phosphoinositide pathway. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings deficient in PI4Kβ1 and β2 have several developmental defects including shorter roots and unfinished cytokinesis. The pi4kβ1β2 double mutant was insensitive to exogenous auxin concerning inhibition of root length and cell elongation; it also responded more slowly to gravistimulation. The pi4kß1ß2 root transcriptome displayed some similarities to a wild type plant response to auxin. Yet, not all the genes displayed such a constitutive auxin-like response. Besides, most assessed genes did not respond to exogenous auxin. This is consistent with data with the transcriptional reporter DR5-GUS. The content of bioactive auxin in the pi4kß1ß2 roots was similar to that in wild-type ones. Yet, an enhanced auxin-conjugating activity was detected and the auxin level reporter DII-VENUS did not respond to exogenous auxin in pi4kß1ß2 mutant. The mutant exhibited altered subcellular trafficking behavior including the trapping of PIN-FORMED 2 protein in rapidly moving vesicles. Bigger and less fragmented vacuoles were observed in pi4kß1ß2 roots when compared to the wild type. Furthermore, the actin filament web of the pi4kß1ß2 double mutant was less dense than in wild-type seedling roots, and less prone to rebuilding after treatment with latrunculin B. A mechanistic model is proposed in which an altered PI4K activity leads to actin filament disorganization, changes in vesicle trafficking, and altered auxin homeostasis and response resulting in a pleiotropic root phenotypes
