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Investigating the importance of critical infrastructures' interdependencies during recovery; lessons from Hurricane Irma in Saint-Martin's island
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TRI-SCORE: a new risk score for in-hospital mortality prediction after isolated tricuspid valve surgery
No full textInternational audienceAIMS : Isolated tricuspid valve surgery (ITVS) is considered to be a high-risk procedure, but in-hospital mortality is markedly variable. This study sought to develop a dedicated risk score model to predict the outcome of patients after ITVS for severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). METHODS AND RESULTS : All consecutive adult patients who underwent ITVS for severe non-congenital TR at 12 French centres between 2007 and 2017 were included. We identified 466 patients (60 ± 16 years, 49% female, functional TR in 49%). In-hospital mortality rate was 10%. We derived and internally validated a scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapping with 1000 re-samples. The final risk score ranged from 0 to 12 points and included eight parameters: age ≥70 years, New York Heart Association Class III-IV, right-sided heart failure signs, daily dose of furosemide ≥125 mg, glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min, elevated bilirubin, left ventricular ejection fraction <60%, and moderate/severe right ventricular dysfunction. Tricuspid regurgitation mechanism was not an independent predictor of outcome. Observed and predicted in-hospital mortality rates increased from 0% to 60% and from 1% to 65%, respectively, as the score increased from 0 up to ≥9 points. Apparent and bias-corrected areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.81 and 0.75, respectively, much higher than the logistic EuroSCORE (0.67) or EuroSCORE II (0.63). CONCLUSION : We propose TRI-SCORE as a dedicated risk score model based on eight easy to ascertain parameters to inform patients and physicians regarding the risk of ITVS and guide the clinical decision-making process of patients with severe TR, especially as transcatheter therapies are emerging (www.tri-score.com)
Scenario modelling of carbon mineralization in 3D soil architecture at the microscale: Toward an accessibility coefficient of organic matter for bacteria
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Dynamics of lineages in adaptation to a gradual environmental change
No full textInternational audienceWe investigate a simple quantitative genetics model subjet to a gradual environmental change from the viewpoint of the phylogenies of the living individuals. We aim to understand better how the past traits of their ancestors are shaped by the adaptation to the varying environment. The individuals are characterized by a one-dimensional trait. The dynamics-births and deaths-depend on a time-changing mortality rate that shifts the optimal trait to the right at constant speed. The population size is regulated by a nonlinear non-local logistic competition term. The macroscopic behaviour can be described by a PDE that admits a unique positive stationary solution. In the stationary regime, the population can persist, but with a lag in the trait distribution due to the environmental change. For the microscopic (individual-based) stochastic process, the evolution of the lineages can be traced back using the historical process, that is, a measure-valued process on the set of continuous real functions of time. Assuming stationarity of the trait distribution, we describe the limiting distribution, in large populations, of the path of an individual drawn at random at a given time T. Freezing the non-linearity due to competition allows the use of a many-to-one identity together with Feynman-Kac's formula. This path, in reversed time, remains close to a simple Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. It shows how the lagged bulk of the present population stems from ancestors once optimal in trait but still in the tail of the trait distribution in which they lived
Bilan des assemblées générales 2022 : say on climate et partage de la valeur
No full textInternational audienceEnjeux climatiques et say on climate, rémunérations et partage de la valeur, tels sont les thèmes qui ont marqué les assemblées générales de 202
Enseigner et apprendre l’orthographe à l’heure du numérique. Présentation du colloque
No full textInternational audienceTeaching and learning orthography in the digital era. Presentation of the conference . The international conference “Teaching and Learning Orthography in the Digital Era” organized on October 25, and 26, 2021 had the ambition to contribute to the discussion between researchers and teachers and researchers from an interdisciplinary perspective. It also aimed to work on solving spelling teaching problems and to evaluate innovative practices, with or without the use of learning technologies. The proceedings are, like the conference itself, structured around four axes: (1) Students’ activity and learning processes, (2) The effects of tools and teaching practices, (3) Teachers’ skills, ideas, and training, and (4) Orthography and society.Le colloque international « Enseigner et apprendre l’orthographe à l’heure du numérique » organisé les 25 et 26 octobre 2021, avait l’ambition de participer au dialogue entre chercheurs dans une perspective interdisciplinaire mais aussi au dialogue entre enseignants et chercheurs, pour œuvrer à la résolution de problèmes d’enseignement de l’orthographe, à l’évaluation de dispositifs innovants, avec ou sans le recours à des technologies d’apprentissage. Les actes qui suivent, à l’image du déroulement du colloque, sont structurés autour de quatre axes : (1) activité de l’élève et processus d’apprentissage, (2) les effets des dispositifs et des pratiques, (3) les savoirs, les représentations, la formation des enseignants, (4) orthographe et société
Chemically architectured alloys: How interphase width influences the strengthening
No full textInternational audienceChemically architectured alloys are a new concept of microstructure in which two phases are separated by a 3D network of fluctuations of composition, which is called interphase, and which induces a strengthening. Chemically architectured alloys were processed by spark plasma sintering of a mixture of pure Ni and CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy with varying conditions. They were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscattered diffraction, microhardness and compression tests. It was shown that the width of the interphase can be decreased by decreasing the sintering temperature and increasing the applied pressure. The strengthening effect of the interphase increases when its width decreases and its volume fraction increases. The microstructure of the chemically architectured alloys can be finely controlled by the processing parameters which will permit to maximize the strengthening. Chemical architecturation is thus an efficient and tunable strengthening mechanism
Structure, Dynamics, and Impact of Replication Stress–Induced Structural Variants in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Oncogene activation leads to replication stress and promotes genomic instability. Here we combine optical mapping and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to explore in depth the nature of structural variants (SV) induced by replication stress in cyclin-activated hepatocellular carcinomas (CCN-HCC). In addition to classical tandem duplications, CCN-HCC displayed frequent intra-chromosomal and interchromosomal templated insertion cycles (TIC), likely resulting from template switching events. Template switching preferentially involves active topologically associated domains that are proximal to one another within the 3D genome. Template sizes depend on the type of cyclin activation and are coordinated within each TIC. Replication stress induced continuous accumulation of SVs during CCN-HCC progression, fostering the acquisition of new driver alterations and large-scale copy-number changes at TIC borders. Together, this analysis sheds light on the mechanisms, dynamics, and consequences of SV accumulation in tumors with oncogene-induced replication stress. Significance: Optical mapping and whole-genome sequencing integration unravels a unique signature of replication stress–induced structural variants that drive genomic evolution and the acquisition of driver events in CCN-HCC