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Influence of sea level rise on the chemical composition of decomposing root and leaf materials in salt marsh soils
No full textInternational audienc
Œuvre de collaboration et procédure civile
No full textInternational audienceObservations sous Cour d'appel de Paris, 28 janvier 2022, no 20/09968 : qualification de la décision : important
Pre- and Postnatal Dietary Exposure to a Pesticide Cocktail Disrupts Ovarian Functions in 8-Week-Old Female Mice
No full textInternational audienceFemale infertility has a multifactorial origin, and exposure to contaminants, including pesticides, with endocrine-disrupting properties is considered to be involved in this reproductive disorder, especially when it occurs during early life. Pesticides are present in various facets of the environment, and consumers are exposed to a combination of multiple pesticide residues through food intake. The consequences of such exposure with respect to female fertility are not well known. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of pre- and postnatal dietary exposure to a pesticide mixture on folliculogenesis, a crucial process in female reproduction. Mice were exposed to the acceptable daily intake levels of six pesticides in a mixture (boscalid, captan, chlorpyrifos, thiacloprid, thiophanate and ziram) from foetal development until 8 weeks old. Female offspring presented with decreased body weight at weaning, which was maintained at 8 weeks old. This was accompanied by an abnormal ovarian ultrastructure, a drastic decrease in the number of corpora lutea and progesterone levels and an increase in ovary cell proliferation. In conclusion, this study shows that this pesticide mixture that can be commonly found in fruits in Europe, causing endocrine disruption in female mice with pre- and postnatal exposure by disturbing folliculogenesis, mainly in the luteinisation process
Magnesium- and intermetallic alloys-based hydrides for energy storage: modelling, synthesis and properties
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Hydrides based on magnesium and intermetallic compounds provide a viable solution to the challenge of energy storage from renewable sources, thanks to their ability to absorb and desorb hydrogen in a reversible way with a proper tuning of pressure and temperature conditions. Therefore, they are expected to play an important role in the clean energy transition and in the deployment of hydrogen as an efficient energy vector. This review, by experts of Task 40 ‘Energy Storage and Conversion based on Hydrogen’ of the Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Programme of the International Energy Agency, reports on the latest activities of the working group ‘Magnesium- and Intermetallic alloys-based Hydrides for Energy Storage’. The following topics are covered by the review: multiscale modelling of hydrides and hydrogen sorption mechanisms; synthesis and processing techniques; catalysts for hydrogen sorption in Mg; Mg-based nanostructures and new compounds; hydrides based on intermetallic TiFe alloys, high entropy alloys, Laves phases, and Pd-containing alloys. Finally, an outlook is presented on current worldwide investments and future research directions for hydrogen-based energy storage
Metallic and complex hydride-based electrochemical storage of energy
No full textInternational audienceThe development of efficient storage systems is one of the keys to the success of the energy transition. There are many ways to store energy, but among them, electrochemical storage is particularly valuable because it can store electrons produced by renewable energies with a very good efficiency. However, the solutions currently available on the market remain unsuitable in terms of storage capacity, recharging kinetics, durability, and cost. Technological breakthroughs are therefore expected to meet the growing need for energy storage. Within the framework of the Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Program-H 2 TCP Task-40, IEA's expert researchers have developed innovative materials based on hydrides (metallic or complex) offering new solutions in the field of solid electrolytes and anodes for alkaline and ionic batteries. This review presents the state of the art of research in this field, from the most fundamental aspects to the applications in battery prototypes
Intermetallic alloys as hydrogen getters
No full textInternational audienceMetal hydrides were discovered in the fifties and since then have been widely studied and developed, mainly for energy applications (batteries, hydrogen storage, compression.). In addition to these uses, other properties are considered such as sensors, actuators, or scavengers. This paper proposes a review of intermetallic-based materials for hydrogen gettering. The different chemistries (Zr- or Ti-based compounds) are described in terms of alloying elements and gettering properties. Various aspects, including the activation process, surface coating and resistance to impurities, are also discussed. Finally, new processes and other possible applications are discussed for these materials
Modélisation des transformations chimiques: mise en regard d’un programme et de pratiques enseignantes
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Les réseaux insulaires à l’épreuve de la résilience, le cas de Saint-Martin face l’ouragan Irma
No full textLes réseaux d’infrastructure critique de l’île de Saint-Martin face au passage de l’ouragan Irma : un retour d’expérience
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Tn-phyto: essential genomes of nine bacterial phytopathogens
No full textInternational audienceStudies on phytopathogenic bacteria have so far been performed on laboratory strains. The aim of our project is to identify virulence factors of phytopathogenic bacteria isolated from the environment as well as those allowing their survival in water. For this purpose, we use Tn-seq, an innovative mutagenesis technique coupled with high throughput sequencing chosen to rapidly identify, on a large panel of strains, genes necessary for growth in a given condition, the plant or water. This study is carried out on strains of Dickeya, Pectobacterium and Pseudomonas syringae, all of which are capable of growing on a wide range of hosts as well as in water, thus allowing the most complete identification of genes of interest. Another axis of this ANR is the development of a complete bioinformatics pipeline, allowing to process data obtained under multiple conditions and for strains of different species. The results obtained will help us to predict the virulence of strains and/or to develop antibacterial strategies. Overall, this project will pave the way for studies of other environmental pathogens by proposing an original conceptual and technological framework that is extremely promisin