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The EHA Research Roadmap: Transfusion Medicine
No full textInternational audienceTransfusion medicine is a broad discipline, encompassing not just use of blood components, but many areas of donor recruitment and safeguarding, apheresis, and novel cellular therapies. This roadmap provides a framework for discussion of research priorities in transfusion medicine moving forward. Although one could highlight many future research areas of direct relevance to donor and patient care, important themes remain centered on minimizing risks to patients and donors, and for the development of stratified or personalized transfusion strategies. It is clear that wide-scale genetic typing of donors and patients can now be delivered at low-cost, and the introduction of these technologies heralds a new era for transfusion medicine, which has been grounded in serological tests
Tailor-made biochar systems: Interdisciplinary evaluations of ecosystem services and farmer livelihoods in tropical agro-ecosystems
No full textInternational audienceOrganic matter management is key to sustain ecosystem services provided by soils. However, it is rarely considered in a holistic view, considering local resources, agro-environmental effects and harmonization with farmers' needs. Organic inputs, like compost and biochar, could represent a sustainable solution to massive current challenges associated to the intensification of agriculture, in particular for tropical regions. Here we assess the potential of agricultural residues as a resource for farmer communities in southwestern India to reduce their dependency on external inputs and sustain ecosystem services. We propose a novel joint evaluation of farmers' aspirations together with agro-environmental effects of organic inputs on soils. Our soil quality evaluation showed that biochar alone or with compost did not improve unilaterally soils in the tropics (Anthroposol, Ferralsol and Vertisol). Many organic inputs led to an initial decrease in water-holding capacities of control soils (-27.3%: coconut shell biochar with compost on Anthroposol). Responses to organic matter inputs for carbon were strongest for Ferralsols (+33.4% with rice husk biochar), and mostly positive for Anthroposols and Vertisols (+12.5% to +13.8% respectively). Soil pH responses were surprisingly negative for Ferralsols and only positive if biochar was applied alone (between-5.6% to +1.9%). For Anthroposols and Vertisols, highest increases were achieved with rice husk biochar + vermicomposts (+7.2% and +5.2% respectively). Our socioeconomic evaluation showed that farmers with a stronger economical position showed greater interest towards technology like biochar (factor 1.3 to 1.6 higher for farmers cultivating Anthroposols and/or Vertisols compared to Ferralsols), while poorer farmers more skepticism, which may lead to an increased economical gap within rural communities if technologies are not implemented with long-term guidance. These results advocate for an interdisciplinary evaluation of agricultural technology prior to its implementation as a development tool in the field
Social co-production of urban regeneration in France: a framework for activist research with residents and facilitators
No full textInternational audienc
Systematic analysis of drug-associated myocarditis reported in the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database
No full textInternational audienceWhile multiple pharmacological drugs have been associated with myocarditis, temporal trends and overall mortality have not been reported. Here we report the spectrum and main features of 5108 reports of drug-induced myocarditis, in a worldwide pharmacovigilance analysis, comprising more than 21 million individual-case-safety reports from 1967 to 2020. Significant association between myocarditis and a suspected drug is assessed using disproportionality analyses, which use Bayesian information component estimates. Overall, we identify 62 drugs associated with myocarditis, 41 of which are categorized into 5 main pharmacological classes: antipsychotics (n = 3108 reports), salicylates (n = 340), antineoplastic-cytotoxics (n = 190), antineoplastic-immunotherapies (n = 538), and vaccines (n = 790). Thirty-eight (61.3%) drugs were not previously reported associated with myocarditis. Antipsychotic was the first (1979) and most reported class (n = 3018). In 2019, the two most reported classes were antipsychotics (54.7%) and immunotherapies (29.5%). Time-to-onset between treatment start and myocarditis is 15 [interquartile range: 10; 23] days. Subsequent mortality is 10.3% and differs between drug classes with immunotherapies the highest, 32.5% and salicylates the lowest, 2.6%. These elements highlight the diversity of presentations of myocarditis depending on drug class, and show the emerging role of antineoplastic drugs in the field of drug-induced myocarditis
OPALE: Operational assessment of landscape water eco-functionalities
No full textInternational audienc
Quantization and martingale couplings
No full textInternational audienceQuantization provides a very natural way to preserve the convex order when approximating two ordered probability measures by two finitely supported ones. Indeed, when the convex order dominating original probability measure is compactly supported, it is smaller than any of its dual quantizations while the dominated original measure is greater than any of its stationary (and therefore any of its optimal) quadratic primal quantization. Moreover, the quantization errors then correspond to martingale couplings between each original probability measure and its quantization. This permits to prove that any martingale coupling between the original probability measures can be approximated by a martingale coupling between their quantizations in Wassertein distance with a rate given by the quantization errors but also in the much finer adapted Wassertein distance. As a consequence, while the stability of (Weak) Martingale Optimal Transport problems with respect to the marginal distributions has only been established in dimension 1 so far, their value function computed numerically for the quantized marginals converges in any dimension to t
Urbanisme et changement: Injonction, rhétorique et nouvelles pratiques
No full textInternational audienceEst-il possible d’élaborer une théorie du changement en urbanisme ? Si les sciences humaines et sociales ont fait du changement une préoccupation déjà ancienne, sa théorisation reste un chantier ouvert en urbanisme. À l’heure d’une rhétorique enchantée sur l’innovation et de l’inflation des discours de renouveau, l’objectif est de questionner la dimension polysémique et idéologique du changement et d’apporter des éclairages aux défis théoriques et méthodologiques que pose l’étude du changement en urbanisme. Dans cette perspective, l’ouvrage assume une définition ouverte du changement et s’appuie sur des études de cas pour aborder le changement en pratiques. Il met en évidence le fait que les acteurs du changement ne sont pas toujours ceux qui s’en réclament, le caractère ouvert des instruments du changement, sa dynamique structurée par une dialectique irréductible entre rupture et continuité, entre innovations et permanences. L’ouvrage apporte ainsi une contribution singulière à la recherche sur le changement en urbanisme ; il intéressera aussi les étudiants des filières en urbanisme et aménagement autant que les professionnels de l’urbanisme confrontés à la conduite du changement
La petite ville assoupie et l'homme providentiel : récits du changement en Californie du Sud autour de Disneyland
No full textNational audienc
Intentional mistuning optimization of nonlinear mistuned bladed-disks
No full textInternational audienceOne major industrial challenge is to consider the detuning as a technological means to reduce the dynamical amplifications induced by mistuning. A full analysis of the detuning optimization of mistuned bladed-disks with finite displacements is carried out on a 12 bladed-disk finite element model. The paper is based on a computational methodology previously developed by the authors. We then have to be very careful with the construction of an adapted scalar quantity of interest for defining the detuning optimization problem. Direct computations allowing for all possible detuned configurations to be considered allow for obtaining a full data basis. A meticulous post-processing shows the existence of a few detuned configurations, that inhibits the mistuning amplification effects of the pure mistuned bladed-disk
Detecting Openings for Indoor/Outdoor Registration
No full textInternational audienceAbstract. Indoor/Outdoor modeling of buildings is an important issue in the field of building life cycle management. It is seen as a joint process where the two aspects collaborate to take advantage of their semantic and geometric complementary. This global approach will allow a more complete, correct, precise and coherent reconstruction of the buildings . The first issue of such modeling is thus to precisely register this data. The lack of overlap between indoor and outdoor data is the most encountered obstacle, more so when both data sets are acquired separately and using different types of sensors. As an opening in the façade is the unique common entity that can be seen from inside and outside, it can help the registration of indoor and outdoor point clouds. So it must be automatically, accurately and efficiently extracted. In this paper,we start by proposing a very efficient algorithm to detect openings with great precision in both indoor and outdoor scans. Afterwards, we integrate them in a registration framework. As an opening is defined by a rectangular shape composed of four segments, two horizontal and two vertical, we can write our registration problem as a minimization of a global robust distance between two segment sets and propose a robust approach to minimize this distance using the RANSAC paradigm