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Faire participer les patients âgés à leur parcours de soin, est-ce toujours possible ? Une lecture par les représentations des soignants.
No full textInternational audienc
Soutenir la scolarité des enfants suivis en milieu ouvert
No full textEn 2019, en France, 312 700 mineurs étaient suivis par l'Aide sociale à l'enfance, dont environ la moitié (49,2 %) via une mesure de milieu ouvert [1]. Si la scolarité peut faire partie des éléments pris en compte dans l'accompagnement, elle n'est pas centrale. Pour autant, les difficultés scolaires de ces enfants sont fréquentes. Comment les travailleurs sociaux appréhendent-ils la scolarité de l'enfant et les difficultés qu'elle peut poser ? Comment travaillent-ils ce sujet avec les parents et les enseignants
Poème pour une petite fille à l'autre bout du monde
No full textInternational audiencePropos sur l’altérité, chant d’amour et de sincérité, le poème pour une petite fille à l’autre bout du monde se veut une invite dans la sphère intime du poète. C’est la figuration du réel paternel porté à son plus haut point. Un père, une petite fille se donnent rendez-vous quelque part, à l’autre bout d’une rue, d’une gare, pour parler d’amitié, de la vie et leurs regrets, pour faire le bilan de tous leurs actes manqués et se donner des raisons de s’aimer, malgré la distance, le désarroi et la folie qui peuvent naître de l’absence...Poème pour une petite fille à l’autre bout du monde et autres textes fait œuvre d’anthologie en réunissant trois livres autour d’un seul et même jeu thématique : l’imagerie du soi dans le regard de l’autre
Héritages en fragments. Mémoires ferroviaires et agricoles dans la transformation de Stacioni i Trenit à Tirana (Albanie)
No full textInternational audienceThe article discusses the process of heritage development in Albania. The issue is first placed in the country’s historical path, then in the city and in the Stacioni i Trenit district, which housed the central station, destroyed in 2013, and agricultural facilities, dismantled after the political change in 1990. This complex now takes the form of a twenty-five hectare wasteland, characterized by a variety of informal uses, the unfinished reprivatization of land, and a major urban transformation project. We will explore how the agricultural and railway legacies of Stacioni i Trenit are practiced, identified and used by the different actors in this context, and to what extent the heritageization process becomes a revealer of social and spatial dynamics on a larger scale in Tirana and Albania today. Datas presented in the text is the result of a multidisciplinary research associating urban planning, architecture, sociology and anthropology since 2018.L’article aborde le processus de patrimonialisation en Albanie. La question est d’abord replacée dans le cheminement historique du pays, puis de la ville et enfin du quartier Stacioni i Trenit, qui accueillait la gare centrale, détruite en 2013, et des installations agricoles, démantelées après le changement politique de 1990. Cet ensemble prend aujourd’hui la forme d’une friche de vingt-cinq hectares caractérisée par une variété d’usages informels, la reprivatisation inachevée du foncier et un projet de transformation urbaine. Nous explorerons comment les héritages agricoles et ferroviaires de Stacioni i Trenit sont pratiqués, identifiés et utilisés par les différents acteurs dans ce contexte, et dans quelle mesure le processus de patrimonialisation devient un révélateur de dynamiques sociales et spatiales plus larges à l’échelle de Tirana et de l’Albanie d’aujourd’hui. Les données présentées dans le texte procèdent d’une recherche pluridisciplinaire associant urbanisme, architecture, sociologie et anthropologie depuis 2018
Evidence of sexual transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacterales: a cross-sectional and prospective study
No full textInternational audienceBackground Extended-spectrum β-lactamase\textendash producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) represent a major threat to public health. Little is known on their potential for sexual transmission. Methods We recruited individuals at a sexually transmitted infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outpatient clinic in Paris, France, in whom we evaluated the prevalence of ESBL-E intestinal carriage and, among those testing positive, the proportion with clearance 6 months thereafter. We compared carriage prevalence between groups using logistic regression adjusted for age, geographic origin, travel outside Europe, and antibiotic use in the past 6 months. Results A total of 2157 individuals participated, of whom 226 (10.5%) were ESBL-E carriers. The proportions of ESBL-E carriers varied across sexual groups and were as follows: HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) and who were on preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), 16.3% (41 of 251); HIV-negative MSM not on PrEP, 9.7% (47 of 487); HIV-positive MSM, 12.2% (61 of 500); HIV-negative men who have sex exclusively with women, 10.0% (44 of 439); and HIV-negative women who have sex with men, 6.9% (n\hspace0.25em=\hspace0.25em33 of 480). After adjustment, ESBL-E prevalence was significantly higher in HIV-negative MSM on PrEP (P\hspace0.25em<\hspace0.25em.001) and HIV-positive MSM (P\hspace0.25em=\hspace0.25em.01) than in women who have sex with men. A higher number of sexual partners in the past 6 months was associated with ESBL-E carriage after adjustment (P\hspace0.25em=\hspace0.25em.004). Escherichia coli sequence type 14 and blaSHV-12\textendash producing ESBL-E were observed only in MSM. Of 102 individuals with ESBL-E returning for testing, 26 (25%) had carriage at 6 months. Conclusion ESBL-E carriage is more frequent in MSM undergoing PrEP or living with HIV and with increasing number of sexual partners. More research is warranted to understand the consequences of ESBL-E carriage in these populations and how transmission can be reduced
Modelling Absorption Spectra of Furimamide-Nanoluciferase System
No full textInternational audienceBioluminescence is a biological phenomenon of light production by living species with many applications[1], notably for the detection of cancer cells[2]. The present study deals with a ligand-protein bioluminescent system (furimazine-Nanoluciferase) derived from a shrimp called Oplophorus gracilirostri with a very high luminescence intensity[3]. A better understanding of this system will provide insights to tailor new devices with emission of a photon with a red color, and thus a light signal more easily detectable inside the human body. Simulations of the emission and absorption spectra are relevant tools to comply this goal[4]. We focus here on the absorption spectra of the light emitter system furimamide-Nanoluciferase. In order to take into account the protein environment and the system flexibility, we carry out classical molecular dynamics (MM) with AMBER software. Furimamide is a flexible molecule: standard force fields such as GAFF[5] (General Amber Force Field) are unable to reproduce correctly potential energy along torsion angles when compared to in vacuo DFT computations. Thus, we perform a multidimensional fit using 1D and 2D potential energy surface scans with several torsion angles of the molecule in order to parameterize a new force field. Then, we compute electronic transitions at a QM/MM level of theory on a set of 100 snapshots extracted from MM trajectory. As a perspective, we plan to use the same methodology to simulate emission spectra
Potential energetic return on investment positively correlated with overall soil microbial activity
No full textInternational audienceMicrobial communities are a critical component of the soil carbon (C) cycle as they are responsible for the decomposition of both organic inputs from plants and of soil organic C. However, there is still no consensus about how to explicitly represent their role in terrestrial C cycling. The objective of the study was to determine how the molecular and energetic properties of readily available organic matter affect the metabolic activity of the resident microbial communities in soils. This was achieved by cross-amending six soils, taken from woodland and grassland sites along an urban pressure gradient, with organic matter extracted from the same six soils and measuring heat dissipated due to the increase in microbial metabolic activity. The energetic properties of the organic matter were used to estimate a potential energetic return on investment (ROI) that microbial communities could obtain from the transformation of the organic matter. Specifically, the ROI was calculated as the ratio between the total net energy available (ΔE) and the weighted average standard state Gibbs energies of oxidation half reactions of organic C (ΔG • Cox). ΔE was measured as the heat of combustion using bomb calorimetry. ΔG • Cox was estimated using the average nominal oxidation state of C (NOSC) of the molecular species in the organic matter. The overall metabolic activity of microbial communities was positively related to the potential energetic return on investment but no significant relationship was found with the molecular diversity of organic matter. The temporal differences in metabolism across soils indicate that bacterial communities do not exploit the potential energetic return on investment in the same way: the suburban grassland communities responded more rapidly and the suburban woodland communities more slowly to the organic matter additions than the other communities. The urban gradient did not affect the properties of the molecular or energetic properties of the organic matter nor the response of the microbial communities to the organic matter additions. However, the organic matter from the grassland soils caused soils to dissipate 36.4% more heat than organic matter from the woodland soils. The metabolic response was also more rapid after the addition of grassland organic matter: the time taken for half the heat to be dissipated was 6.4 h after the addition of grassland organic matter and 6.1 h after the addition of woodland organic matter. Overall, our results suggest that microbial communities preferentially use organic matter with a high potential energetic return on investment, i.e. organic molecules that do not require high cost associated with catalysis whilst yielding a high net energetic benefit
SPICE‐Met : profiling and imaging energy metabolism at the single‐cell level using a fluorescent reporter mouse
No full textInternational audienceThe regulation of cellular energy metabolism is central to most physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, most current methods have limited ability to functionally probe metabolic pathways in individual cells. Here, we describe SPICE-Met (Single-cell Profiling and Imaging of Cell Energy Metabolism), a method for profiling energy metabolism in single cells using flow cytometry or imaging. We generated a transgenic mouse expressing PercevalHR, a fluorescent reporter for cellular ATP:ADP ratio. Modulation of PercevalHR fluorescence with metabolic inhibitors was used to infer the dependence of energy metabolism on oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in defined cell populations identified by flow cytometry. We applied SPICE-Met to analyze T-cell memory development during vaccination. Finally, we used SPICE-Met in combination with real-time imaging to dissect the heterogeneity and plasticity of energy metabolism in single macrophages ex vivo and identify three distinct metabolic patterns. Functional probing of energy metabolism with single-cell resolution should greatly facilitate the study of immunometabolism at a steady state, during disease pathogenesis or in response to therapy
A data-driven identification method based on neural networks for solving statistical inverse problems in computational mechanics
No full textInternational audiencehis work presents a data-driven machine learning framework for the solution of statistical inverse problems in multiscale computational solid mechanics. The proposed identification method is based on the design of an artificial neural network [Haykin, 1994, Demuth et al., 2014] in order to learn the nonlinear mapping between the hyperparameters of a prior stochastic model of the random compliance field [Soize, 2006] and dedicated quantities of interest of an ad hoc multiscale computational model. An initial database containing input and target data is first generated using the multiscale computational model. A processed database is then constructed by conditioning the input data with respect to the target data using classical kernel smoothing techniques in nonparametric statistics [Bowman and Azzalini, 1997] in order to derive an efficient trained neural network for identification purposes. Multilayer feedforward neural networks are then trained from each of the two databases and optimized by considering different network configurations in order to construct a fine-tuned surrogate model of the nonlinear relationship between the hyperparameters (network outputs) and the quantities of interest (network inputs). The performances of the trained neural networks are evaluated in terms of mean squared error, linear regression fit and probability distribution between network outputs and targets for both databases. The (best) trained neural network can then directly be used to identify the output hyperparameters given input observed quantities of interest with no call to the computational model. The efficiency of the neural network-based identification method is illustrated through two numerical examples developed within the framework of 2D plane stress linear elasticity. The proposed method is first validated on synthetic data obtained through numerical simulations and then applied to real experimental data obtained through mechanical tests monitored by digital image correlation on a real heterogeneous biological material (beef cortical bone)
