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Remote-sensing of aerosol atmospheric rivers over the southwest Indian Ocean in September 2017: origins, evolution and impacts
No full textInternational audienceIn the southern hemisphere, the dry season from June to October coincides with the occurrence of significant fires especially located along the tropical belt in Africa and South America. This fire activity is an important source of aerosols in the tropical troposphere and results in smoke plumes transported across long distances toward area generally aerosol-free. The atmospheric composition over the Indian Ocean is often influenced by biomass burning plumes shaped by the synoptic atmospheric circulation with high pressure over southern Africa and the movement of westerly waves that may embedded cut-off lows. The propagation over the Indian Ocean is then dependent on the position of the Mascarene High. The meandering shape of the plumes is then associated with an aerosol atmospheric river (AAR). Such a phenomenon has been sampled by spaceborne lidars and spectro-radiometers, and even observed above La Réunion (21.1°S, 55.3°E) during September 2017 by a ground-based lidar and a sun-photometer. The Li1200, an operational lidar in the frame of the Atmospheric Physics Reunion Observatory (OPAR), recorded the passage of an AAR during two nights. These measurements allow us to derive both the vertical structures of the plume and some vertically resolved aerosol optical properties. This information was used to constrain Lagrangian modelling tools to identify the pathways and origins of the biomass burning plume. These results have been corroborated by the spaceborne observations of CALIOP and CATS, and the passive sensor MODIS. Reanalysis of ECMWF with atmospheric composition outputs from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) supports the understanding of the synoptic conditions leading to the formation of this aerosol plume configuration. We will present our scientific approach and discuss the environmental impact of these AARs in the southwest Indian Ocean
Caractérisation de l'architecture d'un tuf calcaire interglaciaire par tomographie de resistivité électrique (ERT) : l'exemple des formations pléistocènes de Caours et de Resson (France)
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Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly: Proceedings of the European Society of Cardiology-Cardiovascular Round Table
No full textThis article was generated from discussions during a virtual Cardiovascular Round Table (CRT) workshop organized in May 2021 by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).International audienceThe growing elderly population worldwide represents a major challenge for caregivers, healthcare providers, and society. Older patients have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease, high rates of CV risk factors, and multiple age-related comorbidities. Although prevention and management strategies have been shown to be effective in older people they continue to be under-used, and under-studied. In addition to hard endpoints, frailty, cognitive impairments, and patients’ re-assessment of important outcomes (e.g., quality of life versus longevity) are important aspects for older patients and emphasize the need to include a substantial proportion of older patients in CV clinical trials. To complement the often skewed age distribution in clinical trials, greater emphasis should be placed on real-world studies to assess longer-term outcomes, especially safety and quality of life outcomes. In the complex environment of the older patient, a multidisciplinary care team approach with the involvement of the individual patient in decision-making process can help optimize prevention and management strategies. This paper aims to demonstrate the growing burden of ageing in real life and illustrates the need to continue primary prevention to address cardiovascular risk factors. It summarizes factors to consider when choosing pharmacological and interventional treatments in the elderly, and the need to consider quality of life and patient priorities when making decisions
Automatic RANSAC by Likelihood Maximization
No full textInternational audienceIn computer vision, and particularly in 3D reconstruction from images, it is customary to be faced with regression problems contaminated by outlying data. The standard and efficient method to deal with them is the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. The procedure is simple and versatile, drawing random minimal samples from the data to estimate parameterized candidate models and ranking them based on the amount of compatible data. Such evaluation involves some threshold that separates inliers from outliers. In presence of unknown level of noise, as is usual in practice, it is desirable to remove the dependency on this fixed threshold and to estimate it as an additional unknown. Among the numerous variants of RANSAC, few, that we call "automatic", propose this approach, which involves changing the maximization criterion of consensus, as it is naturally increasing with the varying threshold. An algorithm of Zach and Cohen (ICCV 2015) uses the likelihood statistics. We present the details and the implementation of their method along with quantitative and qualitative tests on standard stereovision tasks: estimation of homography, fundamental and essential matrix. Source Code The ANSI C++ 03 implementation of the code that we provide is the one which has been peer reviewed and accepted by IPOL. The source code, the code documentation, and the online demo are accessible at the IPOL web part of this article 1. Compilation and usage instructions are included in the README.txt file of the archive
Key findings on bipolar disorders from the longitudinal FondaMental Advanced Center of Expertise-Bipolar Disorder (FACE-BD) cohort
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The FACE-BD cohort is an observational cohort of individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) who benefited from a systematic evaluation with evidence-based treatment recommendations and who were followed-up every year for 3 years in France. The objectives were to describe the lifetime course of BD, associated psychiatric and somatic comorbidities, and cognition profile. This cohort aims to identify clinical/biological signatures of outcomes, trajectories of functioning and transition between clinical stages. This article summarizes 10 years of findings of the FACE-BD cohort.Method & results: We included 4422 individuals, all having a baseline assessment, among which 61.2% had at least one follow-up visit at either one, two or three years. A subsample of 1200 individuals had at least one biological sample (serum, plasma, DNA). Assessments include family history of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric diagnosis, current mood symptoms, functioning, hospitalizations, suicidal attempts, physical health, routine blood tests, treatment history, psychological dimensions, medico-economic data and a cognitive assessment. Studies from this cohort illustrate that individuals with BD display multiple coexistent psychiatric associated conditions including sleep disturbances, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders and suicide attempts as well as a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. During follow-up, we observed a 55% reduction of the number of days of hospitalization and a significant improvement in functioning.Conclusions: The FACE-BD cohort provides a strong research infrastructure for clinical research in BD and has a unique position among international cohorts because of its comprehensive clinical assessment and sustainable funding from the French Ministry of Health
Production process networks: a trophic analysis
No full textIn this article, production process databases originating from environmental sciences, more specifically from Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), are considered as bipartite directed random networks. To model the observed directed hierarchical connection patterns, we turn to recent developement concerning trophic coherence. Extending the scope to include bipartite networks, we compare several LCI networks to networks from other fields, and show empirically that they have high coherence and belong to the loopless regime, or close to its boundary
Developments in Geoarchaeological Research, Methodologies and Applications in Harbour Maritime Archaeology
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Amount, composition and sources of macrolitter from a highly frequented roadway
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CONSIDER SUBURBAN STREAMS AS HYBRIDS: METHODOLOGICAL REFLEXION FROM THE PARISTREAMS PROJECT
No full textInternational audienceSuburban streams often considered as our least restorable ecosystems but in fact constitutean important part of the hydrographic network in megalopolis and crucial environmental infrastructuresfor future urban development. Numerous studies have highlighted the dramatichydrogeomorphological and ecological alterations due to the hydrological consequences of urbansprawl. Most often research focuses on the consequences of urban development but has notintegrated ordinary practices and long-term river system management that have significantly reshapedexisting rivers. Thus, we propose an interdisciplinary approach integrating the biophysical and socialissues and different temporal and spatial scales in the Paris urban area. The PARISTREAMs projectconsiders suburban streams as hybrids, i.e. as fragments of the socionature and proposes a holisticapproach to develop a socio-ecological knowledge. The integration of palaeoenvironmental andhistorical research place the current restoration projects on a trajectory of the fluvial systems that isessential to understand the role of legacies (sediment, infrastructures, representations), that varywithin an urban area, and to open the discussion on base line operation in a context of climate andmetropolitan changes. Hydrogeomorphological (channel geometry), biological (macroinvertebrates,fish, riparian vegetation) studies and research on social practices and associated representations arerequired together, to determine the contemporary dynamics because the banks of these streams aresubject to private ownership and to active management practices. The final objective is to propose anew hybrid methodology to have a holistic knowledge of suburban streams and to promotesocioecological restoration according to their biophysical and social realities and the development of arenewed and shared river culture
A dog model for centronuclear myopathy (CNM) carrying the most common DNM2 mutation
No full textInternational audienceMutations in DNM2 cause autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (ADCNM), a rare disease characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and structural anomalies of the myofibres including nuclear centralization and mitochondrial mispositioning. Following the clinical report of a Border Collie male with exercise intolerance and histopathological hallmarks of CNM on the muscle biopsy, we identified the c.1393C>T (R465W) mutation in DNM2, corresponding to the most common ADCNM mutation in humans. In order to establish a large animal model for longitudinal and preclinical studies on the muscle disorder, we collected sperm samples from the Border Collie male and generated a dog cohort for subsequent clinical, genetic, and histological investigations. Four of the five offspring carried the DNM2 mutation and showed muscle atrophy and a mildly impaired gait. Morphological examinations of transverse muscle sections revealed CNM-typical fibres with centralized nuclei and remodelling of the mitochondrial network. Overall, the DNM2-CNM dog represents a faithful animal model for the human disorder, allows the investigation of ADCNM disease progression, and constitutes a valuable complementary tool to validate innovative therapies established in mice