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Des campements de rue à Paris entre 2015 et 2020 : invisibilisation et marginalisation des exilé.e.s
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Efficacy and safety of treatments in cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: A French observational retrospective study
No full textInternational audienceCutaneous polyarteritis nodosa is a form of medium-sized vessel vasculitis. Despite a disabling and prolonged course, data on treatment efficacy and safety remain scarce.Retrospective study
<p>Guidelines from the cancer committee of the French Association of Urology (CC-AFU) for adequate intravesical instillations of Mitomycin C, Epirubicin, and BCG for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer</p>
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction. - Intravesical instillations of mitomycin C, epirubicin and BCG are considered as the standard treatment for most patients diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. These guidelines aim to optimize the adjuvant intravesical treatment in order to increase the efficacy and lower the morbidity associated with its administration.& nbsp;Methods. - We conducted a daily practice survey, an online search of available national regulation recommendations and of published guidelines. A bibliography search in French and English using Medline (R) and Embase (R) with the keywords ``BCG ``; ``mitomycin C ``; ``epirubicin ``; ``bladder ``; ``complication ``; ``toxicity ``; ``adverse reaction ``; ``prevention `` and ``treatment `` was performed November 2021.& nbsp;Results. - Patient information should be given by the attending physician before the first intravesical instillation. A medical exam to look for specific contraindications is also mandatory to select adequate candidates. Intravesical instillations should be delivered in health-care centers where urologic endoscopic procedures are routinely performed. Attending urologist or specialized nurse should check for negative pretreatment urine test. Intravesical instillation can only be delivered after bladder catheter has been inserted in the bladder without any injury of the lower urinary tract. The pharmaceutical agent should be kept in the bladder for two hours. Finally, voiding within the 6 hours following intravesical instillations should be done in the sitting position and the patient should drink at least 2 liters of water per day for 2 days.& nbsp;Conclusion. - The delivery of intravesical instillations of mitomycin C, epirubicin and BCG should follow a standardized procedure for better efficacy and lower morbidity. (C) 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved
Comportements managériaux. Une approche organisationnelle. 11 études de cas commentées et corrigées.
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Faire sens de l'absurde dans une bureaucratie kafkaïenne: manager l'innovation dans une grande entreprise brésilienne
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Ruptures et variations. Une discussion autour de méthodes d’analyse du changement en urbanisme
No full textInternational audienceLe chapitre prend place dans la partie de l’ouvrage consacrée aux méthodes d’analyse du changement en urbanisme. Il fait dialoguer les figures de la rupture et de la variation et s’appuie entre autres sur les différents usages et traductions du paradigme de la transaction sociale en urbanisme pour proposer une matrice analytique à partir de laquelle élaborer des méthodes d’enquêtes et de production de données
Mitonuclear discordance and patterns of reproductive isolation in a complex of simultaneously hermaphroditic species, the <i>Allolobophora chlorotica</i> case study
No full textInternational audienceHistorical events of population fragmentation, expansion and admixture over geological time may result in complex patterns of reproductive isolation and may explain why, for some taxa, the study of mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear (nu) genetic data results in discordant evolutionary patterns. Complex patterns of taxonomic diversity were recently revealed in earthworms for which distribution is largely the result of paleogeographical events. Here, we investigated reproductive isolation patterns in a complex of cryptic species of earthworms in which discordant patterns between mt and nu genetic lineages were previously revealed, the Allolobophora chlorotica aggregate. Using four nu microsatellite markers and a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mt gene we carried out a parentage analysis to investigate the mating patterns (i) between individuals belonging to two divergent mt lineages that cannot be distinguished with nu markers and (ii) between individuals belonging to lineages that are differentiated both at the mt and nu levels. Among the 157 field collected individuals, 66 adults were used in cross-breeding experiments to form 22 trios based on their assignment to a mt lineage, and 453 obtained juveniles were genotyped. We showed that adults that mated with both their potential mates in the trio produced significantly more juveniles. In crosses between lineages that diverged exclusively at the mt level, a sex-specific pattern of reproduction characteristic to each lineage was observed, suggesting a possible conflict of interest concerning the use of male/female function between mating partners. In crosses between lineages that diverged both at the mt and nu level, a high production of cocoons was counterbalanced by a low hatching rate, suggesting a post-zygotic reproductive isolation. Different degrees of reproductive isolation, from differential sex allocation to post-zygotic isolation, were thus revealed. Lineages appear to be at different stages in the speciation process, which likely explain the observed opposite patterns of mito-nuclear congruence
Do morphological traits of ground-dwelling ants respond to land use changes in a neotropical landscape?
No full textInternational audienceAnalyzing the impacts of agricultural activities on biodiversity requires a full knowledge of the ecology of the studied species. Using a trait-based approach may improve our ability to understand land use impacts on less well-studied species in order to establish general trends that will facilitate the prediction of these impacts. In this study, we applied a trait-based approach to understand the impact of land use change on ant communities in the Colombian Llanos region. Five common land uses were considered (annual crops, rubber plantations, oil palm plantations, improved pastures and semi-natural savannas) to test whether some morphological traits respond to soil properties and land uses. An RLQ analysis shows a significant common structure between species distribution, environmental factors, and morphological ant traits. This indicates that morphological traits could be used to predict the response of ant communities in different land uses since they respond to environmental characteristics as vegetation complexity, composition and management. Based on the selected morphological ant traits,three groups of land uses were differentiated: grazing-based systems, agroforestry plantations and annual crops. Agroforestry plantations, especially rubber plantations tend to host larger and specialized ant species, while grazing-based systems (i.e. improved pastures) mainly host small and generalist ants, and annual crops host more pigmented ants. These findings suggest that certain morphological traits can reflect the ability of ant species to settle down and survive in a given land use system. Our study shows that improving knowledge about trait-environment associations could be a useful way to better understand how ecological filtering shape neotropical ant communities and how they respond to landscape transformation and land use changes
Injectivity of Lipschitz operators
No full textAny Lipschitz map between metric spaces can be ``linearised'' in such a way that it becomes a bounded linear operator between the Lipschitz-free spaces over and . The purpose of this note is to explore the connections between the injectivity of and the injectivity of . While it is obvious that if is injective then so is , the converse is less clear. Indeed, we pin down some cases where this implication does not hold but we also prove that, for some classes of metric spaces , any injective Lipschitz map (for any ) admits an injective linearisation. Along our way, we study how Lipschitz maps carry the support of elements in free spaces and also we provide stronger conditions on which ensure that is injective
Broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies tether viral particles at the surface of infected cells
No full textInternational audienceBroadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) are promising molecules for therapeutic or prophylactic interventions. Beyond neutralization, bNAbs exert Fc-dependent functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and activation of the complement. Here, we show that a subset of bNAbs targeting the CD4 binding site and the V1/V2 or V3 loops inhibit viral release from infected cells. We combined immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunogold staining to reveal that some bNAbs form large aggregates of virions at the surface of infected cells. This activity correlates with the capacity of bNAbs to bind to Env at the cell surface and to neutralize cell-free viral particles. We further show that antibody bivalency is required for viral retention, and that aggregated virions are neutralized. We have thus identified an additional antiviral activity of bNAbs, which block HIV-1 release by tethering viral particles at the surface of infected cells