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Which Actigraphy Dimensions Predict Longitudinal Outcomes in Bipolar Disorders?
No full textInternational audienceBipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by recurrent mood episodes. It is increasingly suggested that disturbances in sleep–wake cycles and/or circadian rhythms could represent valuable predictors of recurrence, but few studies have addressed this question. Euthymic individuals with BD (n = 69) undertook 3 weeks of actigraphy recording and were then followed up for a median duration of 3.5 years. Principal component analyses were used to identify core dimensions of sleep quantity/variability and circadian rhythmicity. Associations between clinical variables and actigraphy dimensions and time to first recurrence were explored using survival analyses, and then using area under the curve (AUC) analyses (early vs. late recurrence). Most participants (64%) experienced a recurrence during follow-up (median survival time: 18 months). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, an actigraphy dimension comprising amplitude and variability/stability of circadian rhythms was a significant predictor of time to recurrence (p = 0.009). The AUC for correct classification of early vs. late recurrence subgroups was only 0.64 for clinical predictors, but combining these variables with objectively measured intra-day variability improved the AUC to 0.82 (p = 0.04). Actigraphy estimates of circadian rhythms, particularly variability/stability and amplitude, may represent valid predictive markers of future BD recurrences and could be putative targets for future psychosocial interventions
Parasites gastro-intestinaux chez les primates non-humains dans les parcs zoologiques français
No full textInternational audienceGastrointestinal parasites are frequently encountered in captive non-human primates and infestation may have severe consequences on the animal’s health status. Most of these parasites are also transmissible to humans. Nevertheless, little is known about the prevalence and monitoring modalities of gastrointestinal parasitoses in non-human primates housed in zoological institutions and there are currently no guidelines available for their detection and identification. The objective of this study was to identify the main gastrointestinal parasites that may be observed in non-human primates in zoological institutions in France, as well as to develop a decision-making tree to ease their identification. Twenty-four zoological institutions were surveyed, most of which performed fecal examinations routinely on their non-human primates (91.7%). Most institutions used flotation enrichment protocols to detect gastrointestinal parasites (95.2%) and nematodes were the most frequently encountered parasites (73.0%). A total of 252 fecal samples corresponding to 68 different non-human primate species from these institutions were analyzed using sedimentation and flotation protocols. Protozoa (47.3%) were found to be more frequent than helminths (15.6%). Furthermore, old-world monkeys exhibited a higher parasite load (93.6%) than any other non-human primate species category. Compiled data from fecal examinations allowed the development of a decision-making tree and diagnostic atlas to facilitate parasite diagnosis in captive non-human primates
Does gender equality bargaining reduce child penalty? Evidence from France
No full textThis paper investigates the effects of firm-level gender equality bargaining on the motherhood penalty using French administrative data. To tackle the endogeneity issue, we exploit the 2010 reform that introduced financial penalties for firms with 50 employees or more not complying with their obligation of negotiating on gender equality. This change led to a strong acceleration of gender equality bargaining after 2010 but only for firms with 50 employees or more. As a consequence, women who had their first child in concerned firms after 2010 are more likely to be employed in firms covered by a text related to gender equality. Controlling for firms' size effect and time trends as well as a set of other individuals' and firms' characteristics, we identify the causal effect of gender equality bargaining on earnings impact of motherhood. Our estimates show that forcing firms to promote measures related to gender equality has reinforced the motherhood penalty. While the causal effect of this reform is close to zero just after the first child birth, it turns out to be significantly negative 5 years after. Our results suggest that some measures mentioned in GE texts, especially those favouring work-life balance, may act as an indirect discrimination towards mothers
Common genetic variation in alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control genome-wide association study
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a frequent consequence of alcohol-related liver disease, with variable incidence among heavy drinkers. We did a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify common genetic variants for alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: We conducted a two-stage case-control GWAS in a discovery cohort of 2107 unrelated European patients with alcohol-related liver disease aged 20–92 years recruited between Oct 22, 1993, and March 12, 2017. Cases were patients with alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by imaging or histology. Controls were patients with alcohol-related liver disease without hepatocellular carcinoma. We used an additive logistic regression model adjusted for the first ten principal components to assess genetic variants associated with alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma. We did another analysis with adjustment for age, sex, and liver fibrosis. New candidate associations (pandlt;1 × 10−6) and variants previously associated with alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated in a validation cohort of 1933 patients with alcohol-related liver disease aged 29–92 years recruited between July 21, 1995, and May 2, 2019. We did a meta-analysis of the two case–control cohorts. Findings: The discovery cohort included 775 cases and 1332 controls. Of 7 962 325 variants assessed, we identified WNT3A-WNT9A (rs708113; p=1·11 × 10−8) and found support for previously reported regions associated with alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma risk at TM6SF2 (rs58542926; p=6·02 × 10−10), PNPLA3 (rs738409; p=9·29 × 10−7), and HSD17B13 (rs72613567; p=2·49 × 10−4). The validation cohort included 874 cases and 1059 controls and three variants were replicated: WNT3A-WNT9A (rs708113; p=1·17 × 10−3), TM6SF2 (rs58542926; p=4·06 × 10−5), and PNPLA3 (rs738409; p=1·17 × 10−4). All three variants reached GWAS significance in the meta-analysis: WNT3A-WNT9A (odds ratio 0·73, 95% CI 0·66–0·81; p=3·93 × 10−10), TM6SF2 (1·77, 1·52–2·07; p=3·84×10−13), PNPLA3 (1·34, 1·22–1·47; p=7·30 × 10−10). Adjustment for clinical covariates yielded similar results. We observed an additive effect of at-risk alleles on alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma. WNT3A-WNT9A rs708113 was not associated with liver fibrosis. Interpretation: WNT3A-WNT9A is a susceptibility locus for alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting an early role of the Wnt–β-catenin pathway in alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma carcinogenesis
Vaccination and COVID-19 Dynamics in Dialysis Patients
No full textInternational audienceBackground and objectives Dialysis patients have a high mortality risk after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and an altered immunologic response to vaccines, but vaccine clinical effectiveness remains unknown in this population. Design, setting, participants, & measurements Using Bayesian multivariable spatiotemporal models, we estimated the association between vaccine exposure and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) severe infections (with hospital admission) in dialysis patients from simultaneous incidence in the general population. For dialysis patients, cases were reported within the French end-stage kidney disease REIN registry from March 11, 2020, to April 29, 2021, and vaccine exposure (first dose) was reported in weekly national surveys since January 2021. Cases in the general population were obtained from the national exhaustive inpatient surveillance system (SI-VIC database), and vaccination coverage (first dose) was obtained from the national surveillance system (VAC-SI database). Results During the first wave, incidence in dialysis patients was approximately proportional to the general population. However, we showed a lower relative incidence for dialysis patients during the second wave (compared with that observed in nondialysis patients), suggesting an effect of prevention measures. Moreover, from the beginning of the vaccination rollout, incidence in dialysis patients was lower compared with predictions based on the first and second waves. Adding vaccination coverages in dialysis and nondialysis patients as predictors allowed the reported cases to be fit correctly (3685 predicted cases, 95% confidence interval, 3552 to 3816, versus 3620 reported). Incidence rate ratios were 0.37 (95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.71) for vaccine exposure in dialysis patients and 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 0.61) per 10% higher in vaccination coverage in the same-age general population, meaning that vaccine exposure in dialysis patients and the general population was independently associated with lower hospitalization rate of dialysis patients. Conclusions Our findings suggest that vaccination may yield a protective effect against severe forms of COVID-19 in dialysis patients, despite altered immunologic vaccine responses
Efficient Construction of Reversible Transducers from Regular Transducer Expressions
No full textInternational audienceThe class of regular transformations has several equivalent characterizations such as functional MSO transductions, deterministic two-way transducers, streaming string transducers, as well as regular transducer expressions (RTE). For algorithmic applications, it is very common and useful to transform a specification, here, an RTE, to a machine, here, a transducer. In this paper, we give an efficient construction of a two-way reversible transducer (2RFT) equivalent to a given RTE. 2RFTs are a well behaved class of transducers which are deterministic and co-deterministic (hence allows evaluation in linear time w.r.t. the input word), and where composition has only polynomial complexity. We show that, for full RTE, the constructed 2RFT has size doubly exponential in the size of the expression, while, if the RTE does not use Hadamard product or chained-star, the constructed 2RFT has size exponential in the size of the RTE
Loosely-coupled organizations facing crises. The case of five French higher education institutions during the Covid 19 crisis
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Recalage de données hétérogènes pour la modélisation urbaine
No full textThis thesis is part of the Building Indoor/Outdoor Modeling (BIOM) project that aims at automatic, simultaneous indoor and outdoor modelling of buildings from heterogeneous data. The heterogeneity is both in data type (image and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)) and acquisition platform: terrestrial indoor/outdoor or aerial acquisition. The first issue of such modeling is thus to precisely register this data. The work carried out has confirmed that the environment and the type of data drive the choice of the registration algorithm. Our contribution consists in exploring the fundamental properties of the data and the acquisition platforms in order to propose potential solutions for all the registration problems encountered by the project. As in abuilding environment, most objects are composed of geometric primitives (planarpolygons, straight lines, openings), we chose to introduce registration algorithmsbased on these primitives. The basic idea of these algorithms consists in the definition of a global energy between the extracted primitives from the data-sets to register and the proposal of a robust method for optimizing this energy based on the RANSAC paradigm. Our contribution ranging from the proposal of robust methods to extract the selected primitives to the integration of these primitives in an efficient registration framework. Our solutions have exceeded the limitations of existing algorithms and have proven their effectiveness in solving the challenging problems encountered by the project such as the indoor/outdoor registration, image/LiDAR registration, and aerial/terrestrialregistration.Cette thèse fait partie du projet Modelisation Intérieur/Extérieur de Bâtiments (BIOM) qui vise à la modélisation automatique et simultanée de l’intérieur et de l’extérieur de bâtiments à partir de données hétérogènes. L'hétérogénéité est à la fois dans le type de données (image et Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)) et la plate-forme d'acquisition: acquisition terrestre intérieure/extérieure ou aérienne. Le premier enjeu d'une telle modélisation est donc de recaler précisément ces données. Les travaux menés ont confirmé que l'environnement et le type de données conditionnent le choix de l'algorithme de recalage. Notre contribution consiste à exploiter les propriétés fondamentales des données et des plateformes d'acquisition afin de proposer des solutions potentielles à tous les problèmes de recalage rencontrés par le projet. Comme dans un environnement de bâtiments la plupart des objets sont composés de primitives géométriques (polygones planaires, lignes droites, ouvertures), nous avons choisi d'introduire des algorithmes de recalage reposant sur ces primitives. L'idée de base de ces algorithmes consiste en la définition d'une énergie globale entre les primitives extraites à partir des jeux de données à recaler et la proposition d'une méthode robuste pour optimiser cette énergie basée sur le paradigme RANSAC. Notre contribution va de la proposition de méthodes robustes pour extraire les primitives sélectionnées à l'intégration de ces primitives dans un cadre de recalage efficace. Nos solutions ont dépassé les limites des algorithmes existants et ont prouvé leur efficacité pour résoudre les problèmes rencontrés par le projet, tels que le recalage intérieur/extérieur, le recalage d'image/LiDAR et le recalage aérien/terrestre
