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Citoyenneté, Identité, Altérité.: Perspectives nationales et internationales
No full textInternational audienceCitoyenneté, identité, altérité étudie les différentes façons dont ces trois principes sont envisagés et pris en compte dans le cadre scolaire, notamment l’histoire, la géographie et les sciences sociales. Considérées ensemble, la citoyenneté, l’identité et l’altérité font émerger des questions sensibles au sein de la société contemporaine où l’école est généralement envisagée comme la pierre angulaire de leur construction.Ainsi, les modèles de citoyenneté sont divers, entre adhésion à la nation, à des principes démocratiques et républicains, à la question européenne, ou encore à des principes d’ouverture interculturels et d’engagement dans la société. La première partie traite de la citoyenneté d’adhésion, implicitement présente dans de nombreux curricula, en regroupant les analyses de plusieurs programmes et manuels scolaires provenant d’organisations politiques diverses. La seconde examine des formes encore émergentes de citoyenneté inclusive, où chacun se trouve alors en situation de devenir citoyen, quelle que soit l’échelle de cette citoyenneté
Appropriation des outils théoriques développés dans la recherche par des enseignants français lors de la formation continue
No full textInternational audienceReflective analysis is an activity that is widely emphasised in the learning processes of trainee teachers in France. It remains important throughout a teacher's career in order to favour their creative potential. It corresponds to competence 14 of the reference frame of competences for teaching and education professions in France (MEN, 2013).JIGSAW (Aronson, 2002) is a technique that allows teachers to encourage relationships between students in order to solve complex tasks in some cases. The use of JIGSAW requires the teacher to decompose the final task performed by the students. It is therefore interesting to train teachers in the use of theoretical tools that facilitate reflective analysis in order to enable them to break down a complex task more easily to more accessible intermediate tasks. Diagrams used in the theoretical framework of extended Mathematical Working Space (Moutet, 2021) make it possible to understand the articulation, for a given task, between mathematics, physics and chemistry.A hybrid distance learning sequence for teachers is analysed in this article. The aim was to provide theoretical content on modelling (Blum & Leiss, 2005) and to enable the use of algorithms to be associated with modelling tasks (Lagrange, 2021). This training course introduced students to JIGSAW and to tools for reflective analysis of school tasks in order to help them design JIGSAW-type sequences.Only 30% of the trainees proposed a JIGSAW sequence skeleton during the asynchronous phase. The health context and the 100% distance-learning format may partially explain this finding. Similarly, 65% of the trainees followed the second part of the training in synchronous distance learning, partly because of technical problems with the video-conferencing platform used.This article aims to answer the following research question: How can theoretical tools originally designed for the research support teachers' reflective analysis? The theoretical framework used is that of the extended MWS (Moutet, 2021).The first results show that the implementation of reflective analysis tools initially developed for research is relatively difficult for teachers, but it appears that they are able to appropriate and carry out correct analyses with these tools, which is encouraging
Hydrogen Storage Properties of a New Ti-V-Cr-Zr-Nb High Entropy Alloy
No full textInternational audienceWe are reporting the synthesis, the physicochemical, and the hydrogen sorption properties of a novel bcc high entropy alloy Ti0.30V0.25Cr0.10Zr0.10Nb0.25. At room temperature, the alloy rapidly absorbs hydrogen reaching a capacity of 2.0 H/M (3.0 wt.%) and forming a dihydride with fcc structure, as confirmed by both synchrotron X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction. The absorption Pressure–Composition Isotherms corroborated with synchrotron X-ray diffraction prove that the reaction with hydrogen occurs within two steps, i.e., bcc alloy → bcc monohydride → fcc dihydride. The thermodynamic parameters calculated for the second step transformation evidence the formation of a stable dihydride with ΔHabs = −75 kJ/molH2. The phase transition during hydrogen/deuterium desorption was investigated by in situ synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction confirming a reversible reaction with hydrogen. Furthermore, the cycling properties show a decrease of the capacity over the first cycles followed by a stabilization at 2.44 wt.%, whereas the absorption kinetics improve after the first cycle reaching full capacity after only 30 s at room temperatur
A 3D Segments Based Algorithm for Heterogeneous Data Registration
No full textInternational audienceAbstract. Combining image and LiDAR draws increasing interest in surface reconstruction, city and building modeling for constructing 3D virtual reality models because of their complementary nature. However, to gain from this complementarity, these data sources must be precisely registered. In this paper, we propose a new primitive based registration algorithm that takes 3D segments as features. The objective of the proposed algorithm is to register heterogeneous data. The heterogeneity is both in data type (image and LiDAR) and acquisition platform (terrestrial and aerial). Our algorithm starts by extracting 3D segments from LiDAR and image data with state of the art algorithms. Then it clusters the 3D segments of each data according to their directions. The obtained clusters are associated to find possible rotations, then 3D segments from associated clusters are matched in order to find the translation and scale factor minimizing a distance criteria between the two sets of 3D segments. Two optimizers (simulated annealing and RANSAC) are tested to minimize this distance criterion, first on synthetic data, then on real data. The experiments carried out demonstrate the robustness and speed of RANSAC compared to simulated annealing
Approaching concepts of linear algebra with discrete mathematics: a situation from ongoing mathematical research for freshmen
No full textHave you ever considered presenting concepts of linear algebra with objects and problems from discrete mathematics? This article provides such a situation. An epistemological analysis "à la Lakatos" of this situation is developed: it underscores how the discrete situation allows a mathematical experience for freshmen and contains interesting and even challenging material for all levels, including teachers, lecturers and research mathematicians. Productions of freshmen from scientific and non-scientific courses who face the situation are also analyzed through their defining processes
La mesure et le mesurage en biologie -- Étude de travaux dirigés et pratiques en Licence
No full textInternational audienc
Dans quelle mesure le coaching « empathique » permet-il de surmonter certaines impasses et dérives du coaching « réflexif »?
No full textInternational audienceDeux questions ont motivé notre recherche. Comment dépasser les limites liées au caractère introspectif du coaching ? Notre recherche-action a recouru une forme innovante de coaching qui accorde une place particulière à l’empathie du coaché, à son lien à autrui et au collectif. Pour cela, nous nous sommes notamment appuyés sur les avancés des sciences cognitives en mobilisant la théorie de la spatialisation de l’empathie Berthoz (2004). Cette théorie avance que l’empathie est une opération spatiale, de décentrement. Nous relatons quatre séances de coaching durant lesquelles nous avons expérimenté l’empathie par décentrement. Ces coachings ont eu lieu dans une entreprise de Travaux Spéciaux, en pleine croissance, dans le cadre de dispositifs d’intégration des nouveaux arrivants. L’intégration de conducteurs de travaux et de commerciaux, tous jeunes ingénieurs sans expérience dans les Travaux Spéciaux est un enjeu considérable pour cette entreprise, en plein développement. Nous avons sélectionné des coachings présentant un éventail de situations organisationnelles. Nous partageons dans cet article les enseignements majeurs de ces expérimentations mais aussi les limites de cette typologie de coaching
3D-Printing to Plan Complex Transcatheter Paravalvular Leaks Closure
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Percutaneous closure of paravalvular leak (PVL) has emerged as an alternative to surgical management in selected cases. Achieving complete PVL occlusion, while respecting prosthesis function remains challenging. A multimodal imaging analysis of PVL morphology before and during the procedure is mandatory to select an appropriate device. We aim to explore the additional value of 3D printing in predicting device related adverse events including mechanical valve leaflet blockade, risk of device embolization and residual shunting.Methods: From the FFPP registries (NCT05089136 and NCT05117359), we included 11 transcatheter PVL closure procedures from three centers for which 3D printed models were produced. Cardiac CT was used for segmentation for 3D printed models (3D-heartmodeling, Caissargues, France). Technology used a laser to fuse very fine powders (TPU Thermoplastic polyurethane) into a final part-laser sintering technology (SLS) with an adapted elasticity. A simulation on 3D printed model was performed using a set of occluders.Results: PVLs were located around aortic prostheses in six cases, mitral prostheses in four cases and tricuspid ring in one case. The device chosen during the simulation on the 3D printed model matched the one implanted in eight cases. In the three other cases, a similar device type was chosen during the procedures but with a different size. A risk of prosthesis leaflet blockade was identified on 3D printed models in four cases. During the procedure, the occluder was removed before release in one case. In another case the device was successfully repositioned and released. In two patients, leaflet impingement was observed post-operatively and surgical device removal had to be performed.Conclusion: In a case-series of complex transcatheter PVL closure procedures, hands-on simulation testing on 3D printed models proved its usefulness to plan and facilitate these challenging procedures
Une revue de l'analyse multifractale univariée et multivariée illustrée par l'analyse des données physiologiques de marathoniens
No full textWe review the central results concerning wavelet methods in multifractal analysis, which consists in analysis of the pointwise singularities of a signal, and we describe its recent extension to multivariate multifractal analysis, which deals with the joint analysis of several signals; we focus on the mathematical questions that this new techniques motivate. We illustrate these methods by an application to data recorded on marathon runners.Nous passons en revue les résultats centraux concernant les méthodes d'ondelettes dans l'analyse multifractale, qui consiste à analyser les singularités ponctuelles d'un signal, et nous décrivons sa récente extension à l'analyse multifractale multivariée, qui traite de l'analyse conjointe de plusieurs signaux ; nous nous concentrons sur les questions mathématiques que ces nouvelles techniques motivent. Nous illustrons ces méthodes par une application aux données enregistrées sur des marathoniens