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Numerical simulation of stress-shielding at the bone-implant interface under shear loading
No full textInternational audienceInserting a titanium implant in bone tissue may modify its physiological loading and therefore cause bone resorption, a phenomenon known as stress-shielding [1]. While monitoring and preventing stress-shielding is necessary to ensure the surgical success, it remains difficult to experimentally retrieve information on the properties of the interfacial tissues at the scale of 1-100 μm from the implant surface, where this phenomenon is localized. Numerical modelling represents a complementary tool to better understand phenomena related to the coupled bone-implant system due to the difficulty of measuring the stress distribution in vivo. The aim of this study is to investigate numerically the influence of various geometrical and material parameters on the local stress field around a bone-implant interface (BII) subject to shear loading
Valuation and discount rates under IFRS: Does a size premium exist on the French market?
No full textInternational audienceL’effet taille mesure l’écart qui peut être observé entre la rentabilité des petites capitalisations, ajustée du risque, et celle des grandes capitalisations. Identifié en 1981, il a fait depuis l’objet de nombreuses études, aux résultats contrastés. S’il est avéré, il devrait être intégré dans les modèles de valorisation actuarielle, notamment dans un contexte de normalisation IFRS. Les résultats obtenus dans notre étude portent sur 1 221 sociétés cotées sur le marché français et couvrent 29 années (de janvier 1990 à décembre 2018).Cette recherche met en évidence un effet taille plus complexe sur le marché français que dans la littérature. Ce dernier apparaît lorsqu’il est croisé avec une mesure comptable de la qualité des sociétés. Il constitue, à l’instar de cet effet qualité, un risque non diversifiable non capté par le bêta du MÉDAF. Ces effets taille et qualité s'apparentent à des primes de risque que les préparateurs des états financiers doivent prendre en compte dans l’estimation de la juste valeur au travers de calculs actuariels (l’effet cumulé de ces deux paramètres est compris entre 0,48 % et 2,97 % dans le cadre de notre étude)
Impact of HIV Infection on the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Drug Safety Profile: A Multicenter GETAID Study
No full text‘‘Est-ce que tu ferais ça à ta mère ?’’: Standardisation, délibérations et décisions médicales en réunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire de cancérologie
No full textInternational audienceDélibération et décision sont communément considérées comme des processus conjoints dans l’action rationnelle. En cancérologie, ce lien s’est traduit par l’institutionnalisation des réunions de concertation pluridisciplinaires (RCP) comme support collectif de la décision médicale. Pourtant, dans un contexte de forte standardisation des prises en charges, caractéristique de l’evidence-based medicine, dans quelle mesure peut-on considérer les RCP comme des lieux de débats à l’issue desquels des décisions sont prises ? En prenant appui sur des observations de RCP issues de différentes enquêtes ethnographiques, cet article montre que la conformité des décisions aux recommandations et leur collégialité peuvent varier fortement selon les contextes. La persistance d’une forme d’autonomie clinique des praticiens fait alors apparaître la délibération et la décision comme des processus polymorphes et distribués qui permettent aux RCP d’être investies de fonctions plurielles
Le parallélogramme au fil des cycles.: Des ressources pour les enseignants et les formateurs
No full textNational audienc
Les enjeux urbains de la reconversion des anciens hôpitaux
No full textDédale urbain. Pour un urbanisme critiqu
Public space and the metropolis. The changing governance of public spaces around the Grand Paris Express's new metro stations
No full textInternational audienceMegaprojects and their public spaces have often been criticized as sites of commodification and privatization. Withoutquestioning these trends, a growing body of research affirms the contingent nature of projects, requiring in-depth empiricalstudies. This paper focuses on the implementation of Grand Paris Express, a transport mega-project, from a public-spaceperspective. We draw on the case of La Courneuve Six-Routes station to analyze the growing complexity of public spacegovernance in Greater Paris. In so doing, we offer an additional contribution to the literature. The main driver of change in publicspace policies is interterritorial governance between local, metropolitan and national levels, not private actors. Moreover, thedesign principles and implementation processes do not provide for iconic, commodified and sanitized public spaces. However,in their current configuration, the politics of these public spaces remains ambivalent, because of the importance of real estatedevelopment in the network's future implementation
The French Covid-19 vaccination policy did not solve vaccination inequities: a nationwide study on 64.5 million people
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundTo encourage Covid-19 vaccination, France introduced during the Summer 2021 a ‘Sanitary Pass’, which morphed into a ‘Vaccine Pass’ in early 2022. While the sanitary pass led to an increase in Covid-19 vaccination rates, spatial heterogeneities in vaccination rates remained. To identify potential determinants of these heterogeneities and evaluate the French sanitary and vaccine passes’ efficacies in reducing them, we used a data-driven approach on exhaustive nationwide data, gathering 141 socio-economic, political and geographic indicators.MethodsWe considered the association between vaccination rates and each indicator at different time points: before the sanitary pass announcement (week 2021-W27), before the sanitary pass came into force (week 2021-W31) and 1 month after (week 2021-W35) and the equivalent dates for the vaccine pass (weeks 2021-W49, 2022-W03 and 2022-W07).ResultsThe indicators most associated with vaccination rates were the share of local income coming from unemployment benefits, overcrowded households rate, immigrants rate and vote for an ‘anti-establishment’ candidate at the 2017 Presidential election. These associations increase over time. Consequently, living in a district below the median of such indicator decreases the probability to be vaccinated by about 30% at the end of the studied period, and this probability gradually decreases by deciles of these indicators.ConclusionsOur analysis reveals that factors related to poverty, immigration and trust in the government are strong determinants of vaccination rate, and that vaccination inequities tended to increase after the introduction of the French sanitary and vaccination passes
Role of non-invasive methods in detecting liver impairment in familial Mediterranean fever adult patients with persistent hepatic cytolysis
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients may have hepatic cytolysis, although its origin is not formally elucidated. We aimed to evaluate liver involvement in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) using non-invasive methods. All adult FMF patients harboring two non-ambiguous mutations of the MEFV gene with hepatic cytolysis were identified in a French tertiary adult center for FMF. Liver impairment was explored with FibroMax (a non-invasive method to estimate hepatic steatosis, necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis) and liver ultrasound. Among 520 FMF adult patients, 43 had persistent hepatic cytolysis and 20 patients were included (11 women, median age at inclusion: 49.5 years). According to the FibroMax results, patients were classified as having steatosis, fibrosis, and possible or definite nonalcoholic steato-hepatitis in 10 (50%), 9 (45%) and 7 (35%) of cases, respectively. The score of steatosis did not seem associated with the usual metabolic risk factors. No significant association was found between the cumulated dose of colchicine and any of the scores included in FibroMax. In adult FMF patients with persistent hepatic cytolysis, steatosis is the first cause to consider even in the absence of usual metabolic risk factors, suggesting other mechanisms. Colchicine did not seem to be involved in this toxicity
Millennial-timescale quantitative estimates of climate dynamics in central Europe from earthworm calcite granules in loess deposits
No full textInternational audienceIce core and marine archives provide detailed quantitative records of last glacial climate changes, whereas comparable terrestrial records from the mid-latitudes remain scarce. Here we quantify warm season land-surface temperatures and precipitation over millennial timescales for central Europe for the period spanning 45,000-22,000 years before present that derive from two temporally overlapping loess-palaeosol-sequences, dated at high resolution by radiocarbon on earthworm calcite granules. Interstadial temperatures were 1-4 °C warmer than stadial climate, a temperature difference which is strongly attenuated compared to Greenland records. We show that climate in the Rhine Valley was significantly cooler during the warm season and overall drier with annual precipitation values reduced by up to 70% compared to the present day. We combine quantitative estimates with mesoscale wind and moisture transport modelling demonstrating that this region was dominated by westerlies and thereby inextricably linked to North Atlantic climate forcing, although ameliorated