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Moving Toward 100% Employee Ownership through ESOPs:Added Complexities in Add-on Transactions
No full textInfrastructural Hope::Anticipating 'Independent Roads' and Territorial Integrity in Southern Kyrgyzstan
No full textThis article explores the affective force of infrastructural intervention. It focuses on the construction, successful in one case, locally stalled in the other, of so-called ‘independent roads’ along Kyrgyzstan's porous land-border with Tajikistan. Chinese-built and funded through an array of international lending organisations, such roads are determinate interventions in the social life of a marginal border region. They are also the site of intense local anticipation: the object both of hope for a materially secure future and of anxieties of entrapment. The very alignments that enable a new road to come into being – the mobilising of elected representatives, the appeal to languages of abandonment and territorial loss – are themselves anticipatory and experimental moves. The category of ‘infrastructural hope’ is developed to explore this articulation of material politics with diffuse elite and vernacular desires for a territorially secure future. The article considers the implications of this entanglement for the anthropology of infrastructure and for the analysis of trans-boundary tension in Central Asia
Inference in the Presence of Redundant Moment Conditions and the Impact of Government Health Expenditure on Health Outcomes in England
No full textIn his 1999 paper with Breusch, Qian and Wyhowski in the Journal of Econometrics, Peter Schmidt introduced the concept of “redundant” moment conditions. Such conditions arise when estimation is based on moment conditions that are valid and can be divided into two sub-sets: one that identifies the parameters and another that provides no further information. Their framework highlights an important concept in the moment-based esti- mation literature namely, that not all valid moment conditions need be informative about the parameters of interest. In this paper, we demonstrate the empirical relevance of the concept in the context of the impact of government health expenditure on health outcomes in England. Using a simulation study calibrated to this data, we perform a comparative study of the finite performance of inference procedures based on Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) and info-metric (IM) estimators. The results indicate that the properties of GMM procedures deteriorate as the number of redundant moment conditions increases; in contrast the IM methods provide reliable point estimators but the performance of as- sociated inference techniques based on first order asymptotic theory, such as confidence intervals and overidentifying restriction tests, deteriorates as the number of redundant mo- ment conditions increases. However, for IM methods, it is shown that bootstrap procedures can provide reliable inferences; we illustrate such methods when analysing the impact of government health expenditure on health outcomes in England
Authenticity, Racism and the Body
No full textThe aim of this paper is to examine the role of authenticity within inter-ethnic relationships of young boys in Dublin City, Republic of Ireland. It will contend that being recognised as ‘authentic’ is bound within conceptions of whom can be said to legitimately embody nationally and locally authorised dispositions and identity markers. Drawing on a large qualitative dataset, this paper will argue that conceptions of whom can ‘legitimately’ consider themselves and be understood by others as belonging to Dublin and having ownership of this space is read on the body as a phenomenological racialised object. It will also argue that notions of whom can be considered an ‘authentic’ Irish boy serves to delegitimize the embodied dispositions of racialised minority groups. The construction of notions of ‘Irishness’ and it’s relationship to north inner city Dublin will be examined to argue that Dublin’s precarious belonging within the narrative of the Irish nation state emphases the need to claim authenticity in this locale. To conclude this paper will argue the exclusion of racialised groups on the ground of authenticity moralises marginalisation and disguises racism within micro encounters but also in local and national discourses of identity read through the body
