University of Zielona Góra
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Medical Communication
No full textThis chapter reviews research concerning linguistics and language use in medical communication. It begins with the relationship between the patient and the healthcare professional, showing how this relationship, which sits at the heart of all communication with patients, is conceptualized in models for consulting. From this starting point, the chapter explores dimensions of the doctor-patient relationship, such as trust, empathy, caring, and teamwork, and shows how these qualities provide impetus for a range of studies investigating dimensions of language use and communication in healthcare settings. Drawing on conceptual and empirical work, the chapter then focuses on constituents of patient-centred approaches in healthcare delivery as identified in research, from the level of individual words, actions, and exchanges in consultations to patient and health professional experiences and ideological and policy-driven discourses, including healthcare professional well-being and maintaining relationships with patients online. In a reflexive relationship, while medical and healthcare communication research continues to employ novel uses of linguistic research, these same applications of linguistics further our understanding of how healthcare is delivered to and taken up by patients, as well as how doctors and healthcare professionals maintain and develop their patient-centred approaches. Linguistics is, thus, ever and increasingly relevant in healthcare.<br/
Graphite in Gas-Cooled Reactors
No full textWhen graphite is used in a nuclear reactor, it will undergo dimensional and material properties changes due to the fast neutron irradiation and changes in temperature. These changes are further complicated in air and CO2-cooled reactors due to the effect of radiolytic oxidation. This chapter draws upon the unique experiences in the UK of CO2-cooled reactors and the behavior of graphite within such reactor environments. Examples of the observed changes in UK graphite grades as well as the current understanding of the mechanisms behind the changes are presented
Morality, Free Movement and Judicial Restraint at the European Court of Justice
No full textDimitrios Doukas Lord Steyn has famously noted that ‘the law and morality are inextricably interwoven; to a large extent the law is simply formulated and declared morality’. This interaction between law and morality may be particularly evident in the field of the EU internal market insofar as moral considerations may either inform the interpretation of the free movement provisions of the Treaty — on goods (Article 34 ff TFEU) , persons (Articles 45 and 49 ff TFEU) , services (Article 56 ff TFEU) or capital (Articles 63 and 65 TFEU) — and/or relevant secondary EU law, or serve as public interest grounds for justifying restrictions. In stark contrast to that statement, EU law on free movement is not by definition a simple formulation and declaration of morality, and can be readily distinguished as positive law from the concepts of moral or natural law that constitute the permanent underlying basis of all law,..
Volcanism in the Azores: a marine geophysical perspective
No full textIn contrast to oceanic islands produced by mantle melting anomalies or “hotspots” lying in mid-plate settings, the central and eastern Azores islands are distributed on the Nubia-Eurasia tectonic plate boundary and experience frequent tectonic earthquakes. As they lie in an extensional to trans-tensional tectonic environment, volcanism is organised into submarine and subaerial ridges oriented perpendicular or oblique to the direction of plate separation. Much of the marine geophysical work undertaken to study these features and the submarine flanks of the islands has involved seabed mapping with sonars of various kinds, beginning with the GLORIA long-range sidescan sonar deployed in the late 1970s and continuing more recently with the deeply towed sidescan sonar TOBI and multibeam bathymetric sonars in dedicated expeditions and ship transits. These datasets give us a view of the topographic structure of the ridges and of the morphologies of the volcanic and tectonic features comprising them. Sonars also have been used to investigate the incidence of large- and small-scale landsliding around the islands, as well as the morphologies of lava flows originating from land and entering the sea. The overall picture emerging is one of landslides, cones, terraces and ridges analogous to those of Hawaii, Canaries and other oceanic island groups but with notable differences. For example, large-scale landslides appear to be rarer in the Azores and submarine cones tend to be steep-sided and pointed, not flat-topped or cratered as they are in some parts of the Hawaiian Islands. Faults are also more common in the Azores tectonic environment