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    A survey of hand washing as a prevention of diarrhea diseases among primary school pupils in Njoro sub- county, Nakuru Kenya.

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    The high incidence of diarrhoea disease and other communicable diseases among children due to poor personal hygiene and sanitation remains a concern on the public health agenda in most countries. To address the problem efficiently an understanding of knowledge, attitude and practice among target populations is needed to plan and design behavioural interventions. It is against this background that the present study was carried out to determine the level of knowledge and practice of handwashing among children in public and private schools in Njoro Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya. A cross-sectional survey research design of primary schools in Njoro sub-county was conducted. Cluster, stratified and random sampling techniques were used subsequently to get a sample of 30 schools, including both public and private, in all the five divisions in the sub-county. Purposive sample of 30 headteachers were interviewed while simple random sample of 360 pupils were issued with researcher administered questionnaires. School conditions and facilities were recorded using observation checklist. Data was analyzed with the aid of SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics, percentages, frequencies and means were used to summarize the findings. Inferential statistics, Chi-square, regression and correlation were used to check the relationships between variable at a 5% level of significance. The findings indicated that knowledge, attitudes as well as school conditions have high influences on handwashing practices among primary school going pupils. Majority of the pupils (91.4%) demonstrated knowledge on the importance of hygiene, however there was low observance of handwashing practice. It was established that majority of the pupils 229 (70.9%) were not washing their hands regularly after visiting the toilet. At least 59.3% of the pupils had at one time in their lives suffered from diarrhea. School conditions and facilities were noted to greatly influence handwashing practices among school children. Among the key recommendations, education stakeholders are supposed to provide adequate facilities and personnel to facilitate the handwashing practice. Campaigns need to be held frequently to sensitize the residents as well as the school going pupils on the importance of handwashing to create awareness as well ensuring their paradigm shift on their attitudes towards the practice. The findings are useful to all stakeholders such as Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Water and Sanitation programmes, Parent Teachers Associations (P.T.A.S.). This union will foster stronger linkages that will pave the way for collaboration between the Ministry of Health and school management in ensuring effective handwashing practices among the children

    Impact of the Adoption of Improved Practices on the Kenyan Financial Sector

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    Most organizations’ functions are based on particular ideology and action plan. Most of these ideas and actions are well thought and researched. The financial sector should not be different. Many organization that impact on the financial sector use well researched and developed practices. This study investigated the practices adopted by these organizations and how they impacted on their organization. This is to aid increased research on better financial methods and improve and encourage linkages between the financial sector and research based institutes and organization

    Challenges students face in academic achievement of the English subject in secondary schools in Thika town sub-county Kiambu county, Kenya

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    This study sought to find out the challenges students face in Academic achievement of the English subject in secondary schools in Thika Town Sub County, Kiambu County. The study found out some of the challenges students face in academic achievement of the English subject and this was viewed in four broad perspectives that is: in listening skills, speaking, writing and reading. When a student is not able to perform well in one skill, the other three skills are affected and hence he or she is not able to perform in the English subject. An English language learner may be having a problem in concentrating in class leading to him/ her, missing out important information, having a poor handwriting, limited vocabulary or even misspelling words these are some of the challenges that the study looked into and came up with appropriate solutions. The researcher used the Communicative Competence theory, in the research study in investigating how the English learning skills are essential to the academic achievement of the English subject. The data was analyzed using case study design and presented in tables and figures. The data was collected in November 2015, using questionnaires. The sample was selected randomly from the target population and consisted of two hundred students in five secondary schools. Various challenges were encountered during data collection for instance: there were limited documents for analysis in obtaining research information : limited documents for analysis in obtaining in research information, there was limited time while carrying out the research in the field and also some participants did not fully cooperate in answering the questionnaires. The study concluded that, the different challenges that learners encounter in the four English learning skills, highly affect their academic achievement. Finally, the researcher also recommended the possible solutions in order to improve the academic achievement of the students in the English subject. For instance: The Students ought to familiarize themselves with different vocabularies in order to be able to know any term that the teacher can say while dictating down words, the teacher should slow the rate of his/her speech and prolong vowels to model slow-easy speech also, the students should read progressively longer segments of reading material to build comprehension skills and finally, Students should practice writing and have them indicate which should be capitalized

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