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Chatbots in education:A systematic review of objectives, underlying technology and theory, evaluation criteria, and impacts
No full textThere is a growing body of literature on the development and use of chatbots in education. However, insights into the objectives, underlying technologies, theories, and criteria for developing and evaluating chatbots in education are lacking. This study presents a systematic review of 71 papers, identified through a thorough search in Web of Science and Scopus in October 2023, to understand, compare, and create a comprehensive overview of these elements. Papers were selected through a step-by-step procedure based on the guidelines of the PRISMA framework. The main results indicate that most chatbots in education are teaching-oriented and have increasingly been developed using chatbot builder platforms. However, many of these chatbots are integrated into educational settings without a solid theoretical foundation. Despite this, they are primarily evaluated based on perceptual factors and, in most cases, prove effective for their intended objectives. This review also identified a few limitations of the included studies, such as heterogeneity, publication bias, and focus on short-term impact. Overall, this review enhances our understanding of chatbots in education and provides valuable insight and guidance for educators, practitioners, and researchers.</p
An Alternative Theory of Stable Revision for Nondeterministic Approximation Fixpoint Theory and the Relationships
No full textApproximation fixpoint theory (AFT) is a robust and popular mathematical framework that characterizes many nonmonotonic semantics, where the construction of stable fixpoints, called stable revision, plays a central role. Nondeterministic AFT is a recent development that redefines AFT for a nondeterministic setting to capture disjunctive semantics. This theory departs from traditional AFT by introducing distinct definitions, thus raising the question of whether deterministic AFT can be adopted directly to define nondeterministic stable revision. This work proposes such an alternate theory and creates a new way to study disjunctive semantics in terms of normal (non-disjunctive) knowledge bases. To demonstrate the viability of our framework, we show how to capture stable and partial stable models for disjunctive logic programs. We then study the relationships between this alternative theory and the state-of-the-art nondeterministic AFT.</p
Exposure to green space is associated with higher skin microbiota species richness in children
No full textSkin is the exterior interface of the human body with the environment and harbors millions of microorganisms crucial for skin health. Associations between early-life green space exposure and the skin microbiome of children remain unstudied. Skin swabs were collected from 402 children (4-12 years old) enrolled in the ENVIR ONAGE birth cohort. Skin alpha diversity indices and the relative abundance at family and species levels were determined using 16S rRNA gene HiFi amplicon sequencing. Total green, high-growing green, and low-growing green were estimated in several radii around their current residential and school address based on high-resolution land cover data. Multiple linear regression models between green-space indices and skin microbiome alpha diversity indices were adjusted for sex, age, frequency of soap use, maternal education, season of skin swab collection, sequencing batch, and storage duration of the skin swab. As interaction terms between green-space indices and season were borderline statistically significant, we also ran the linear regression models stratified by season. Last, we performed a differential relative abundance analysis, accounting for the covariables above. Total green and high-growing green in multiple radii (from 100 to 500 m) were positively associated with observed richness (regression coefficients ranging from 10.06 to 15.31 [ P-value ranging from 0.03 to 0.12] per interquartile range increase in green). The associations were only statistically significant when skin swabs were collected in the warm season. The relative abundance of the bacterial families Xanthomonadaceae, Intrasporangiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Caulobacteraceae was statistically significantly positively associated with total and high-growing green within 300 m. Our findings suggest an influential role of early-life green space exposure on skin microbiome composition. Additional research is needed to investigate whether the observed positive relationship between green space and skin bacterial richness has implications for human health. </p
Infrastructure reconstruction planning in post-conflict areas - a multidimensional resilience assessment for Iraq
No full textThe role of knowledge-rich curricula in promoting deep thinking and complex skill acquisition
Get PDFEffects of contact with a dog on prefrontal brain activation in patients in a minimally conscious state:A controlled crossover trial
No full textThe Brief Sexual Attitude Scale:Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Version
No full textThis cross-sectional study examined the psychometric properties of the Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale (BSAS) in Dutch heterosexual (N = 1129) and non-heterosexual (N = 200) samples. The study confirmed the previously reported factor structure and assessed the scale's reliability and construct validity. To evaluate construct validity, participants also completed the Sexual Opinion Survey, Sexual Disgust Questionnaire, International Index of Erectile Functioning or Female Sexual Function Index, Sexual Distress Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Confirmatory Factor Analyses supported a 17-item model with satisfactory fit indices. The four subscales-birth control, communion, and instrumentality (3 items each), and permissiveness (8 items)-were confirmed. Factorial invariance across gender (male vs. female) and sexual orientation (heterosexual vs. non-heterosexual) was established. The BSAS demonstrated adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability over a four-week interval. Construct validity was supported by strong evidence for convergent validity with related measures of sexual opinions and sexual disgust, as well as for discriminant validity with respect to conceptually distinct constructs, including sexual functioning, sexual distress, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. While replication is needed, the BSAS appears suitable for use in research. Further investigation is recommended to determine its appropriateness in clinical contexts.</p
Envisioning the Future of AI in Urodynamics:Exploratory Interviews With Experts
No full textBackgroundUrodynamics monitors various parameters while the urinary bladder fills and empties, to diagnose functional or anatomic disorders of the lower urinary tract. It is an invasive and complex test with technical challenges, and it needs rigorous quality assessment and training of clinicians to avoid misdiagnosis. Applying AI to urodynamic pattern recognition and noisy data signals seems promising.AimTo understand desirable and appropriate applications, this study aims to explore the envisioned future of AI in urodynamics according to experts in AI and/or urodynamics.MethodTen semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore expectations, trust and possibilities of AI in urodynamics. Content analysis with an inductive approach was performed on all data.ResultsThe analysis resulted in seven overarching themes: difficulties with urodynamics, quality of urodynamics, AI will be supportive, development and training of AI systems, desirable outcomes, challenges, and envisioning the future of AI in urodynamics.Discussion and ConclusionIn the vision of experts, urodynamics practices will change with the introduction of AI. In the beginning, clinicians will probably desire to check AI-made outcomes of UDS tests to gain trust the system. After experiencing the value of these systems, clinicians might let the system independently provide suggested UDS analyses, and they will use more of their time to spend on their patients
