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ChatGPT in Education:An Effect in Search of a Cause
No full textBackground: As researchers rush to investigate the potential of AI tools like ChatGPT to enhance learning, well- documentedpitfalls threaten the validity of this emerging research. Issues of media comparison research, where the confounding of instruc-tional methods and technological affordances is unrecognised, may render effects uninterpretable.Objectives: Using a recent meta-analysis by Deng et al. (Computers & Education, 227, 105224) as an example, we revisit keyinsights from the media/methods debate to highlight recurring conceptual challenges in ChatGPT efficacy studies.Methods: This conceptual article contrasts nascent ChatGPT research with the more established literature on IntelligentTutoring Systems to identify three non-negotiable considerations for interpretable effects: (1) descriptions of the precise natureof the experimental treatment and (2) the activities of the control group, as well as (3) outcome measures as valid indicators oflearning. To provide some initial evidence, we audited a subset of primary experiments included in Deng et al.'s meta-analysis,demonstrating that only a small minority of studies satisfied all three non-negotiable considerations.Results and Conclusions: Loosely defined treatments, mismatched or opaque controls, and outcome measures with unclearlinks to durable learning obscure causal claims of this emerging literature. Observed gains cannot, at this time, be confidentlyattributed to ChatGPT, and meta-analytics effect sizes may over- or understate its benefits. Progress, we argue, will require rig-orous designs, transparent reporting, and a critical stance toward “fast science.
Nonstandard power grid frequency statistics across continents
Get PDFPower-grid frequency reflects the balance between electricity supply and demand in a power system. Measuring the frequency and its variations allows monitoring of the power balance in the system and, thus, frequency grid stability. Gaining insight into the characteristics of frequency variations and defining precise evaluation metrics for these variations enable better assessment of the performance of forecasts and synthetic models of the power-grid frequency. Previous work on the power grid frequency analysis was limited to a few geographical regions and did not quantify the observed effects. In the present contribution, we analyze and quantify the statistical and stochastic properties of self-recorded power-grid frequency data from various synchronous areas in Asia, Australia, and Europe at a sampling resolution of one second. Revealing non-standard statistics of both empirical and synthetic frequency data, we effectively constrain the space of possible (stochastic) power-grid frequency models and share a range of analysis tools to benchmark any model or characterize empirical data. Furthermore, we emphasize the need to analyze data from a large range of synchronous areas to obtain generally applicable models
Wettelijke vertegenwoordiging van wilsonbekwamen en hun politieke rechten:Beschouwingen over het kiesrecht van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking. Artikel 29 Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities (VN-verdrag inzake de rechten van personen met een handicap (CRPD), nader bezien
Get PDFOptimizing Formative Assessment with Learning Analytics
No full textFormative assessment is a key element of effective education. Recently, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the potential of learning analytics to support formative assessment. However, this evidence is sparse, and concerns have been raised about the connection between learning analytics results and formative assessment models. When learning analytics results do not align well with formative assessment models, teachers may be hesitant to place trust in, interpret, and act upon the insights provided by learning analytics for formative assessment. In this study, we address this concern by adopting a well-established formative assessment model and conducting a systematic review to explore how learning analytics can support formative assessment. A total of 93 relevant articles, published between 2011 and 2023 and retrieved from Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ACM, were analyzed using a coding scheme grounded in a formative assessment model. Drawing on the model of formative assessment, we report how learning analytics can support formative assessment by connecting the three key actors, teachers, students as peers, and students as self-assessors with the three critical stages of the process: (a) where the learner is going, (b) where the learner is now, and (c) how the learner is getting there. This study extends our understanding of the alignment between learning analytics results and theoretical concepts and further contributes to the advancement of the application of learning analytics for formative assessment
How instrumental and emotional co-worker support coevolve through time with psychological safety
No full textThe aim of this study is to investigate how two types of co-worker support and psychological safety evolve over time in relation to each other. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory we hypothesize reciprocal relationships between instrumental and emotional co-worker support and also between both types of co-worker support and psychological safety. We set up a three-wave longitudinal design within 727 employees of a large financial organization, and adopt a latent change score approach (LCS) to investigate within-person change-related reciprocal relations. Our results revealed that specifically emotional co-worker support is associated with an increase in psychological safety over the next month. Instrumental support surprisingly was associated with a subsequent decrease in psychological safety. Psychological safety was not associated with a subsequent change in experienced support. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that high emotional support was associated with a subsequent decrease in experienced instrumental support. This longitudinal study revealed several unexpected significant findings, which indicates that the longitudinal relationships between social support and psychological safety are complex. While this study adds to the understanding of how supportive behaviour of co-workers can actually be helpful in fostering psychological safety, it also offers several intriguing avenues for future research
De rat-mens-chimeer als representatie van angst voor verval
No full textWaar mensen leven, leven ratten. De mens heeft de rat verschillende eigenschappen toegedicht: meestal zijn die negatief (het zouden ziekteverspreiders en kannibalen zijn), maar soms ook positief (slimme dieren die zich goed weten aan te passen om te overleven). Vanwege de aanwezigheid van de rat in het leefgebied van de mens en de sterke connotaties die mensen bij het dier hebben, komt het dier veelvuldig voor in allerlei cultuuruitingen. Naast verhalen waarin ratten als dier een rol spelen, zijn er ook andere vertellingen, met name fabels en verhalen voor kinderen, waarin meer antropomorfe ratten voorkomen. Tot slot zijn er verhalen te vinden waarin de rat hybride vormen aanneemt.In dit artikel onderzoeken we specifiek de rat-mens-chimeer in westerse cultuuruitingen. Vertrekkend vanuit de monster theory bestuderen we allereerst het personage Brown Jenkin(s), dat in 1933 in de weird fiction opduikt en later terugkeert in de postmoderne new weird-stroming. Daarnaast bestuderen we de geëvolueerde ratmensen (rensen) in De verwoesting van Hyperion van Hugo Raes (1978). De voornaamste angst die de door ons onderzochte rat-mens-chimeren vertegenwoordigen, is het verlies van de gevestigde menselijke orde, die als hoge cultuur wordt beschouwd
GHAMS 11 maart 2025, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2025:616, JA 2025/59 m.nt. N. Lavrijssen Beroepsfout advocaat. Kansschade.
No full textIn dit arrest ging het om een advocaat die een beroepsfout heeft gemaakt door de verjaring van een vordering tot schadevergoeding niet te stuiten. Voor de begroting van de schade past de rechter het leerstuk van de kansschade toe
Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Digital Forensics: Case Study and General Recommendations
No full textIeder Kind Alle Kansen: Interprofessioneel Samenwerken in de Pedagogisch-Educatieve Sector
No full textMet dit rondetafelgesprek wordt een vierjarig onderzoek naar interprofessionele samenwerking in de pedagogisch-educatieve sector afgetrapt. Zowel de manier waarop (aanstaande) professionals ondersteund kunnen worden bij het interprofessioneel samenwerken als de manier waarop zij op hun beurt kinderen kunnen ondersteunen met een inclusief aanbod worden onderzocht