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Sensitivity of the Genuine Symptoms Scale of the Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) to Psychopathology:Enhancing the Informational Value of a Symptom Validity Test for Symptom Overreporting
No full textThe Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) is primarily utilized to identify symptom overreporting. To make this purpose less apparent, the SRSI includes a blend of 50 genuine symptoms and 50 unlikely symptoms (i.e., pseudosymptoms) presented in a mixed format. Studies have shown that the pseudosymptoms scale is effective in detecting symptom overreporting, but the genuine symptom items of the SRSI have typically been regarded as filler content. Our study aimed to determine whether these genuine symptom items could yield clinically meaningful information once overreporting, underreporting, and inattentive/random responding have been screened out, recognizing the limitations imposed by a restricted set of screening indices. We analyzed SRSI genuine symptoms scores in a screened sample of 100 psychotherapy patients and 81 job applicants. Psychotherapy patients endorsed significantly more genuine symptoms than job applicants, and a receiver operating characteristics analysis of the genuine symptoms main scale yielded an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI [.89, .97]), indicating strong discrimination. Subscale AUCs were generally below .90, suggesting that the SRSI genuine symptoms main scale, rather than its subscales, may serve as a useful tool for identifying cases that may require clinical attention. Additionally, we found a strong correlation (r = .78, p < .001) between the SRSI genuine symptoms main scale and the higher-order Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction (EID) scale of the MMPI-2-RF, further highlighting the clinical value of the genuine symptoms main scale
Spatial disparities, convergence and economic development:a global and local orientation
No full textLeveraging mangroves to advance climate action in Africa:Zooming in on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
No full textMangroves are vital for climate change adaptation and mitigation due to their efficient carbon sequestration and coastal protection roles providing often untapped opportunities for countries to enhance their national climate commitments (including the so-called Nationally Determined Contributions) under the Paris Agreement adopted at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) COP21 in 2015. In Africa, several countries possess mangroves and have signed the Paris Agreement, however, the level of integration of mangrove actions into the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) has not been adequately explored. Using a systematic review methodology, 33 African countries possessing mangroves were selected and their NDCs were reviewed, scored, and ranked to assess their level of integration of mangrove ecosystems into their NDCs. Countries like Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sudan demonstrate commendable progress and leadership in integrating mangroves within their NDCs. However, gaps in budgetary commitments, spatial planning, and temporal specificity for mangrove actions among a majority of the countries hinder broader mangrove inclusion. The study also revealed a disconnect between research outputs and policy frameworks, where countries with increased mangrove research output in Africa failed to integrate mangrove actions into their NDCs. To increase African countries' resilience to climate risks and contributions to global climate goals, there is a need to increase effective collaboration between mangrove researchers, local communities, and policymakers in mangrove-possessing countries. This will bolster public education on mangroves and their inclusion of mangrove actions in their NDCs, ultimately enhancing the implementation of mangrove actions on the ground.</p
Mistrust cognitive schemas and COVID-19 rumination tendencies as antecedents of depression and anxiety in teachers
No full textThe Impact of Self-Directed, Other-Directed, and Dual Moral Transgressions on Emotional, Cognitive, and Clinical Outcomes in Emerging Adults
No full textOBJECTIVE: Stressful events can cause individuals to act contrary to their moral standards, resulting in moral transgressions. Two types of moral transgressions are commonly distinguished: actively committing moral transgressions or failing to prevent harm to others (self-directed transgressions) and being exposed to the moral transgressions of others (other-directed transgressions). Evidence suggests that self-directed and other-directed moral transgressions lead to different psychological outcomes. However, this evidence is inconclusive, primarily based on clinical populations, and lacks a developmental perspective, including a focus on emerging adults.METHOD: In this study, young adults recalled a memory of a morally distressing event, encompassing self-directed, other-directed, or dual transgressions. We compared the three groups reporting these transgressions in terms of emotions (fear, shame, guilt, and anger), negative cognitions (about self-blame, the self, and the world), and clinical outcomes (posttraumatic stress [PTS] and depression). Additionally, we explored the variables fear, negative cognitions about self-blame, the self, and the world as potential mediators between exposure to self-directed, other-directed, or dual transgressions and PTS.RESULTS: It was shown that exposure to dual transgressions results in elevated emotional and cognitive burden compared to self- or other-directed transgressions alone. Mediation analyses revealed that, compared to self-directed and other-directed transgressions, participants reporting dual transgressions exhibited more negative self- and world cognitions, which were associated with increased PTS.CONCLUSION: This study concludes that it is useful-both in research and clinical care-to distinguish between self-directed, other-directed, and dual transgressions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p
Sensitivity of the Genuine Symptoms Scale of the Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) to Psychopathology:Enhancing the Informational Value of a Symptom Validity Test for Symptom Overreporting
No full textThe Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) is primarily utilized to identify symptom overreporting. To make this purpose less apparent, the SRSI includes a blend of 50 genuine symptoms and 50 unlikely symptoms (i.e., pseudosymptoms) presented in a mixed format. Studies have shown that the pseudosymptoms scale is effective in detecting symptom overreporting, but the genuine symptom items of the SRSI have typically been regarded as filler content. Our study aimed to determine whether these genuine symptom items could yield clinically meaningful information once overreporting, underreporting, and inattentive/random responding have been screened out, recognizing the limitations imposed by a restricted set of screening indices. We analyzed SRSI genuine symptoms scores in a screened sample of 100 psychotherapy patients and 81 job applicants. Psychotherapy patients endorsed significantly more genuine symptoms than job applicants, and a receiver operating characteristics analysis of the genuine symptoms main scale yielded an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI [.89, .97]), indicating strong discrimination. Subscale AUCs were generally below .90, suggesting that the SRSI genuine symptoms main scale, rather than its subscales, may serve as a useful tool for identifying cases that may require clinical attention. Additionally, we found a strong correlation (r = .78, p < .001) between the SRSI genuine symptoms main scale and the higher-order Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction (EID) scale of the MMPI-2-RF, further highlighting the clinical value of the genuine symptoms main scale
Mistrust cognitive schemas and COVID-19 rumination tendencies as antecedents of depression and anxiety in teachers
No full textEnvironmental factors affecting the presence of coliform bacteria in water and oysters (Crassostrea cucullata Born, 1778) in Negombo lagoon, Sri Lanka
No full textThe recent increase in sewage pollution in the Negombo Lagoon, Sri Lanka, has led to a growing interest in understanding its impact on the local aquatic ecosystem. Physicochemical and general microbiological parameters of the lagoon water (n = 84) were measured at seven sites with contrasted levels of fecal and organic pollution, and their correlation with the presence of total coliform bacteria (TC) was examined. A linear mixed-effect model revealed that heterotrophic bacterial concentrations and electrical conductivity significantly correlated with TC concentrations. Additionally, six individuals of Crassostrea cucullata oysters were sampled from five sites (n = 30) to assess their TC levels and compare their variation across sites. Significant differences in TC levels in oysters were observed across the study sites, with oysters from site S7 located in the Northern part of the lagoon being the most contaminated ones. Fecal indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli, were found to be present across all the studied sites except S5. Additionally, oysters from five sites tested positive for E. coli contamination. The smallest oysters were found at the site most contaminated by microbial load (S2), which may suggest that oysters had decreased filtering activity at the site in response to pollution. Overall, this is the first comprehensive study to provide comparative quantitative data on fecal contamination of oysters in the Negombo Lagoon and its surrounding water.</p
Intern salderen:een geschikt instrument of voltooid verleden tijd?
No full textRecent heeft de Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State een drietal belangwekkende uitspraken gedaan. De uitspraken Rendac, Amercentrale en Overduin werpen een nieuw licht op de (on)mogelijkheden om op basis van intern salderen activiteiten toe te staan die stikstof veroorzaken met mogelijke significante gevolgen op de Nederlandse Natura 2000-gebieden. Dat is relevant voor de rechtspraktijk aangezien als gevolg van de stikstofproblematiek de mogelijkheden om natuurvergunningen te verlenen beperkt zijn en intern salderen door bevoegde gezagen en initiatiefnemers werd beschouwd als een geschikt instrument om de vastgelopen vergunningverlening vlot te trekken