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HRM:Theory meets reality: How to manage your human capital in public and private organizations
No full textIn today’s fast-changing world of new technologies and shifting market conditions, HR can be a key partner in helping organizations stay competitive. To support organizations in achieving their goals, it’s important to understand the different aspects of HR. This handbook helps students and HR professionals gain a clear understanding of the HR cycle and related topics. It covers the basic frameworks and latest research on areas such as recruitment and selection, performance management, employee development, sustainable HRM, leadership, well-being, and the future challenges and opportunities in HRM.Since there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to HRM, we also explore how the type of organization, whether public or private, affects how HR is implemented. Specifically, we look at the unique characteristics of both sectors and how these influence an organization's HR approach. The handbook includes real-life examples from both public and private organizations, insights from academic and professional experts, and exercises to help reinforce understanding and application of the concepts
Identifying success factors for integrated coastal zone management:Development of a regional coastal plan in Morocco
No full textIntegrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is a policy framework that aims to achieve sustainable development in the context of limited space and resources of (densely populated) coastal areas, by balancing environmental protection, societal needs, and economic development. In this paper, we first reflect on key components influencing the success of ICZM. Second, we compare our understanding to the process of preparation of a coastal plan for the Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region in Morocco. Finally, we extend and generalize our conclusions to ICZM as a relevant policy framework, by identifying factors that influence the context-specific interpretation of ICZM in Morocco. We argue that ICZM depends on the integration, implementation, coordination between science and policy, and appropriate governance. In the Moroccan case, a variety of institutions first need to agree on the governance structure and priorities, as a base for a clear direction for the regional ICZM. This calls for a change of stakeholder engagement for certain steering institutions and leadership by ‘wilaya’. The coastal plan preparation process showed a lack of balance between stakeholder participation and institutional coordination, and increased bureaucratization which covers accountability for decision-making. Although coastal governance is supported by the national government, it is still unknown to what extent it is supported at the regional level which oversees the ICZM. We conclude that besides leadership, political support, and institutional commitment, broader stakeholder engagement is crucial for the decisions that shape the future of the coastal zone, which indicates that governance is the most important success factor for ICZM.</p
Tree cover homogenization in semi-open ecosystems worldwide and implications for ecosystem stability and conservation
No full textSemi-open ecosystems, such as savannas and open woodlands, are biodiversity hotspots due largely to their heterogeneous tree cover (TC), which supports diverse habitats. However, increasing woody encroachment is altering TC heterogeneity, with unclear consequences for ecosystem stability. Using global satellite-based TC estimates (2000–2020), we reveal widespread TC homogenization (24.1%) in semi-open ecosystems, predominantly in temperate and boreal bioclimates undergoing substantial warming. Contrary to the assumption that vegetation heterogeneity promotes ecosystem stability, we find that TC homogenization has mixed correlations with ecosystem functional stability. Notably, positive relations dominate in water-abundant areas with increasing TC, while negative correlations prevail in water-constrained regions with stable or decreasing TC. Protected areas exhibit lower homogenization and greater stability than surrounding landscapes, underscoring their conservation value. Our findings highlight the need for nuanced land management strategies that balance biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, and ecosystem stability under global reforestation and restoration initiatives.</p
ChatGPT Helps Students Feign ADHD:An Analogue Study on AI-Assisted Coaching
No full textThis preregistered study aimed to assess whether AI-generated coaching helps students to successfully feign attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood. First, based on questions generated by 22 students, we conducted an extensive ChatGPT query to develop a concise AI-generated information sheet designed to coach students in feigning ADHD during a clinical assessment. Second, we evaluated the effect of this coaching in an experimental analogue study in which 110 university students were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) a control group (n = 42), (2) an ADHD symptom–coached simulation group (n = 35), and (3) an AI-coached simulation group (n = 33). All participants underwent a clinical neuropsychological assessment that included measures of ADHD symptoms, functional impairments, selective attention, and working memory. Our preregistered data analysis revealed that the AI-coached simulation group consistently moderated their symptom overreporting and cognitive underperformance compared to the symptom-coached group in small to medium size, resulting in lower detection sensitivity. We conclude that publicly accessible AI tools, such as current versions of chatbots, can provide clear and effective strategies for feigning ADHD during clinical neuropsychological assessments, posing a significant threat to the validity assessments. We recommend that researchers and clinicians exercise caution when sharing assessment materials, example items, and scoring methodologies.</p
