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Opinie: Fijn die Europese kampioenen in big tech, maar pas op dat ook zij er niet met de buit vandoor gaan
No full textBig tech is ook voor de Verenigde Staten en China zelf zeer schadelijk. Kopieer niet het destructieve gigantisme-model van deze landen, maar zet in op alternatieven die resoneren met Europese democratie en rechtsstatelijkheid
Data Governance Capabilities Model:Empirical Validation for Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use in Three Case Studies of Large Organisations
No full textA Data Governance Capabilities (DGC) model for measuring the status quo of Data Governance (DG) in anorganisation has been validated in practice. After DG experts gained experience with the operationalised DGCmodel, we evaluated its perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) in case studies of threelarge organisations in the Netherlands. PU and PEOU are evaluated positively, but a moderator andknowledgeable participants remain necessary to make a meaningful contribution
Prerequisites for Cost-Effective Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring:Early Health Economic Analysis
No full textBACKGROUND: Home blood pressure telemonitoring (HBPT) has been proposed to enhance adherence and optimize health care delivery, yet its prerequisites for cost-effective implementation remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to quantify the potential cost-effectiveness of HBPT and identify prerequisites for cost-effective implementation of HBPT in comparison to standard hypertension management, using an early health economic analysis from a societal perspective.METHODS: A decision-analytic Markov model with a lifetime horizon (30 years) and a willingness-to-pay threshold of €20,000 (€1=US $1.09) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of HBPT compared to standard of care (SOC). The HBPT intervention was based on an existing HBPT program applied by the Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The model incorporated 12 health states: 7 blood pressure states, 1 cardiovascular (CV) event, 1 recurrent CV event, 1 postrecurrent CV event, 1 all-cause death, and 1 CV disease-related death. A hypothetical cohort of 1000 patients (average age 65.3 years) was modeled, and results were reported in costs, QALYs, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The model assumed 3 in-person outpatient department (OPD) consultations in the SOC group and 1.5 in the HBPT group. Extensive sensitivity analyses were performed to identify important variables for the cost-effective implementation of HBPT.RESULTS: Following the base-case analysis, HBPT was not cost-effective with an ICER of €20,386 per QALY. Sensitivity analyses indicated that reducing the number of in-person OPD consultations resulted in a more favorable ICER. Specifically, reducing the number of in-person OPD consultations to 1.48 annually resulted in an ICER below the willingness-to-pay threshold. Reducing the in-person OPD consultations to an average of 1.18 per year would make HBPT cost-saving. Scenario analyses revealed that extending the duration of HBPT's clinical effect to 2 or 3 years substantially improved the ICER. Additionally, targeting HBPT toward patients aged 64 years or below further improved the ICER.CONCLUSIONS: HBPT could result in cost-effective or cost-saving outcomes with only minor reductions in in-person OPD consultations. These findings highlight the potential of HBPT to transform hypertension management by replacing traditional hypertension management with more efficient care using remote patient monitoring.</p
Plastic pellet spills and leakages during maritime transportation:a transdisciplinary approach to understand the complex causal pathways
No full textPlastic pellets form the second largest source of microplastics in the marine environment and are found around the world. The origin of plastic pellet pollution is often linked to land-based industrial sites and transportation. However, recent spills resulting from accidents with ships have highlighted the significance of maritime shipping as a source of plastic pellet pollution. In addition, plastic pellets may be released from ships into the ocean as a result of operational leakages during maritime transportation. Although the need to address plastic pellet pollution from ships has been globally recognized, the scale and causal pathways behind this source have not been comprehensively documented and knowledge and data remain fragmented across resources and stakeholders. In order to advance the understanding of the causal pathways of plastic pellet spills and leakages during maritime transportation, this paper applied a transdisciplinary approach using mixed methods. These included expert and stakeholder consultations, systematic review of literature and industry data, and ultimately, the integration of all data in the form of cause-consequence diagrams. Causal pathways of plastic pellet spills and leakages during maritime transportation were found to be of four types of events, namely leaking containers, container damage, container lost overboard and loss of the vessel. Both the causes and consequences of these events were described, as such providing a basis for the identification of a comprehensive set of interventions. Mandatory requirements for the transport of plastic pellets should build upon a comprehensive set of interventions, addressing prevention as well as spill response.</p
The role of knowledge-rich curricula in promoting deep thinking and complex skill acquisition
Get PDFThe Brief Sexual Attitude Scale:Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Version
No full textThis cross-sectional study examined the psychometric properties of the Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale (BSAS) in Dutch heterosexual (N = 1129) and non-heterosexual (N = 200) samples. The study confirmed the previously reported factor structure and assessed the scale's reliability and construct validity. To evaluate construct validity, participants also completed the Sexual Opinion Survey, Sexual Disgust Questionnaire, International Index of Erectile Functioning or Female Sexual Function Index, Sexual Distress Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Confirmatory Factor Analyses supported a 17-item model with satisfactory fit indices. The four subscales-birth control, communion, and instrumentality (3 items each), and permissiveness (8 items)-were confirmed. Factorial invariance across gender (male vs. female) and sexual orientation (heterosexual vs. non-heterosexual) was established. The BSAS demonstrated adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability over a four-week interval. Construct validity was supported by strong evidence for convergent validity with related measures of sexual opinions and sexual disgust, as well as for discriminant validity with respect to conceptually distinct constructs, including sexual functioning, sexual distress, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. While replication is needed, the BSAS appears suitable for use in research. Further investigation is recommended to determine its appropriateness in clinical contexts.</p
Psychological correlates of hearing protective behaviors in adolescents and young adults:a systematic review
No full textBACKGROUND: Noise-induced hearing loss is both irreversible and preventable. However, only a minority of adolescents and young adults engage in hearing protective behaviors (HPBs) that reduce their exposure to noise, such as wearing earplugs at music venues. To promote HPBs it is imperative to know the most influential, and potentially modifiable, psychological factors that in this age group stimulate or hinder these protective behaviors.OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to offer a systematic literature overview of psychological correlates of HPBs in persons aged 12 to 25 years, and identify the correlates with most potential as behavioral intervention targets.CONCLUSIONS: A total of 82 studies were included in the present review, of which data of 24 studies could be used to assess the strength of the association between one or more psychological factors and HPB. Heterogeneity between studies hindered synthesis. In particular, psychological constructs and HPBs were rarely defined and measured in a uniform manner. Studies were further characterized by a lack of research on psychological factors related to other HPBs than earplug use, such as sound volume control (e.g. the use of a volume limiter). Due to this relative absence of data, associations could not be assessed for specific HPB, and HPBs were aggregated in one variable. Taking into account both the strength of their associations with HPB and their univariate distributions, five psychological factors possessed the greatest potential as behavioral intervention targets: attitude toward recreational noise, perceived barriers, capacity, perceived norms, and perceived threat susceptibility. These results can help the development of new interventions. Additional research is however needed.</p
Explaining the adaptation gap in Dutch coastal risk management through lock-in mechanisms
No full textResponsible scaling of artificial intelligence in healthcare:standardization meets customization
No full textOrganizations across the globe are progressively investing in artificial intelligence (AI) innovations to meet today’s healthcare challenges. Meanwhile, public policy increasingly emphasizes the need for these innovations to be ‘scaled’. As scholars emphasize, scaling innovations is never just ‘more of the same’, but requires adapting innovations to local contexts. In this perspective paper, we aim to explore and draw attention to the tensions and possible alignments between standardization and customization that should lead to a responsible scaling of AI in healthcare. We approach responsible scaling building on the notion of socio-technical configurations. Configurations are unique assemblies of technological and non-technological components, including human factors, integrated in different ways to meet particular local requirements. We explore how conceptualizing AI tools and the broader socio-technical ecosystems in which they are integrated as configurations can offer a framework for envisioning possible pathways for responsibly scaling AI. We contend that standardization and customization can be employed synergistically within AI configurations. Standardization can be an important driver of innovation at the level of configurational components of healthcare AI, as well as the interoperability between these components. Thereby, standardization can expand the configurational options that local AI implementations can draw from and lay a foundation for local customization of healthcare AI ecosystems at the architectural level. Accordingly, we propose key considerations for innovators and policymakers to boost the configurability of healthcare AI, and discuss the need for, and challenges of shaping of healthcare AI configurations at the local scale