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Enfranchisement, Political Participation, and Political Competition:Evidence from Colonial and Independent India
No full textWe examine how political participation and political competition are shaped by two class-based extensions of the franchise in twentieth-century India. Creating a new dataset of district-level political outcomes between 1920 and 1957, we find that both the partial franchise extension of 1935 and the universal suffrage reform of 1950 led to limited increases in citizen participation as voters or candidates, and neither reform had a significant effect on increasing political competition. Despite the limited effects on political outcomes, districts with greater enfranchisement increases experienced higher education provision by provincial governments.</p
Exploring the Synergistic Interplay of Optical, Morphological, and Catalytic Features in Ga-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles:Harnessing Their Potential for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation under UV-Green Light Irradiation
No full textThis work explores the synthesis and characterization of undoped ZnO, Ga-doped ZnO (Ga:ZnO), and γ-Ga2O3 quasi-spherical nanoparticles and their catalytic activity in Rhodamine B photodegradation under UV-visible light exposure. Gallium dopant incorporation into Ga:ZnO was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), maintaining the hexagonal wurtzite structure with an additional zinc gallium carbonate Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) phase at higher dopant concentrations. TEM images revealed no significant alteration in the morphology or size of the nanoparticles. 71Ga-NMR indicated the location of the gallium atoms within the ZnO lattice, showing coordination changes with an increasing dopant concentration. Ga-doped ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated reduced efficiency under UV light compared to commercial references. γ-Ga2O3 exhibited superior performance in UV-C for Rhodamine B degradation, diminishing under UV-A, attributed to nanoparticle agglomeration. ZnO and Ga:ZnO catalysts showed optimal performance under green light irradiation, highlighting their performances over the commercial zinc oxide material. Photoluminescence measurements suggested favorable gallium dopant incorporation, with no substantial variation of oxygen vacancies, consequently retaining the photocatalytic properties of ZnO, which are crucial for Rhodamine B degradation under green light irradiation. This study elucidates the intricate relationship among gallium doping, material properties, and photocatalytic performance, providing valuable insights for developing advanced photocatalysts.</p
A Latin translation of the Pythagorean Sentences by Rufinus of Aquileia:introduction and edition
Get PDFCet article fournit une présentation suivie d’une editio princeps d'une traduction de Rufin d'Aquilée récemment découverte (voir M. Pignot, Rev.Ben. 133/2, p. 265-277). L'ouvrage de Rufin intitulé Enchiridion était composé de deux parties, dont seule la première est connue depuis longtemps : les Sentences de Sextus. La seconde partie, que l'on croyait perdue, a été identifiée dans un manuscrit unique (Praha, Archiv Pražského Hradu, Knihovna Metropolitní Kapituly, B XX [315]) : elle contient une traduction latine des Sentences pythagoriciennes. La première partie de cet article situe la traduction de Rufin dans la transmission des Sentences pythagoriciennes grâce à une comparaison avec les trois principaux témoins grecs ainsi qu'avec une traduction syriaque de l'Antiquité tardive. La traduction de Rufin (= R) est généralement assez proche du grec, malgré des adaptations, et elle permet de considérer l'histoire ancienne du recueil à nouveaux frais : composée de 108 maximes, dont 104 sont partagées avec au moins deux autres témoins, R est apparentée, mais souvent plus complète, que le manuscrit grec Π (Patmos, Monastère de Saint Jean le Théologien 263), qui, comme R, contient les Sentences de Sextus suivies des Sentences pythagoriciennes. La deuxième partie de l'article contient l’édition de la traduction des Sentences de Pythagore par Rufin, précédée d'une évaluation de l'unique témoin principal et d'un aperçu de la tradition indirecte. La traduction a manifestement circulé dans l'Antiquité tardive, comme le montre notamment son utilisation dans les Synonyma d’Isidore de Séville et dans plusieurs florilèges
Visualizing and Exploring Data Access in Microservices Using Interactive Treemaps
No full textThe popularity of microservices has grown significantly over the past decade. This architectural style is praised for its ability to ease software evolution, particularly due to the modular, heterogeneous, and dynamic communication nature of microservices. This new way of designing applications has also impacted how databases are integrated. Practitioners generally opt for polyglot persistence, meaning that each microservice manages its own database(s). Decoupling, heterogeneity, and distribution introduce implicit dependencies and multiply data access endpoints. This results in added complexity and challenges in understanding change propagation, which can only be addressed through manual browsing of the codebase, a time-consuming, error-prone, and cumbersome process. A holistic view of such architectures is essential, especially for enabling developers to understand, maintain, and optimize the complex interactions across microservices, particularly from a data perspective.We extend a visualization-based approach to support both a high-level view and fine-grained inspection of microservices. Based on static analysis, we generate an interactive treemap for an entire microservices architecture, providing both an overview and the means for more detailed exploration.We evaluated our approach by assessing the scalability and effectiveness of our visualization. First, we generated interactive treemaps for 10 non-trivial microservices architectures. Then, in a qualitative user study, we asked 6 professional developers to perform specific exploration and understanding tasks (e.g., understanding architectural structure, assessing concept spreading, evaluating technology breakdown, comparing versions, identifying anti-patterns). Our results show that interactive treemaps provide the holistic view needed to aid in evolution tasks
A Stochastic Objective-Function-Free Adaptive Regularization Method with Optimal Complexity
Get PDFA fully stochastic pth-order adaptive-regularization method for unconstrained nonconvex optimization is presented which never computes the objective-function value, but yet achieves the optimal O(ϵ − (p+1)/p) complexity bound for finding first-order critical points. When stochastic gradients and Hessians are considered, we recover the optimal O (ϵ − 3/ 2) bound for finding first-order critical points. The method is noise-tolerant and the inexactness conditions required for convergence depend on the history of past steps. Applications to cases where derivative evaluation is inexact and to minimization of finite sums by sampling are discussed. Numerical experiments on large binary classification problems illustrate the potential of the new method.</p
Guide explicatif de la législation applicable à la gestion des données agricoles:RGPD - Data Act : OpEnAgro 4.2
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Thermalisme et antiquité(s) romaine(s):polémiques érudites autour des origines des sources de Spa et de Tongres
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THE FEMININE ARCHETYPES IN ROSA MONTERO’S LÁGRIMAS EN LA LLUVIA:MODALITIES AND FUNCTIONS
Get PDFThis paper examines the female archetypes that in Lágrimas en la lluvia, a novel published by Rosa Montero in 2011, are drawn from both canonical literature and Western pop culture —from the femme fatale to the domestic angel, passing through Lara Croft or the prototypical chicklit protagonist— to adapt them to the molds of dystopian science fiction. After showing to what extent the construction of the protagonist of the story, Bruna Husky -in which most of these archetypes converge- is based on a certain generic syncretism (in the double sense, sexual and architextual), we will analyse the formal (narrative and hypertextual) and thematic (through topoï and stereotyping phenomena) devices for the construction of female archetypes that are organised around two functions traditionally associated with the representation of women in the Western imaginary: that of the active sensual subject and that of the passive object, focused from the sphere of the intimate, linked in turn to the concept of care. From there we will show how the articulation of these figures with a fairly traditional science-fiction encyclopaedia (populated by cyborgs, artificial planets, plasma weapons and aliens), as well as the hybridism between detective novel, romance novel and bildungsroman, participate in the paratopia (in Maingueneau’s terms) of Bruna’s character, while enabling an ambivalent poetics of stereotyping that appeals to the reader’s expectations in a playful reading pact.</p