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Factores determinantes para el aumento de la masa muscular en el entrenamiento de la hipertrofia: una revisión sistemática
No full textIntroducción: El desarrollo de la hipertrofia muscular es un objetivo popular en el entrenamiento de resistencia y fuerza para los atletas y aquellos que buscan mejorar su composición corporal y su salud en general. Aunque es de vital importancia, comprender los factores más importantes que influyen en la ganancia de masa muscular los cuales son cruciales para desarrollar estrategias de entrenamiento efectivas y optimizar los resultados. Este trabajo de maestría se enfoca en realizar una revisión exhaustiva y sistemática de la literatura científica para identificar y analizar los determinantes más relevantes de la ganancia de masa muscular durante la hipertrofia.
El objetivo: el objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar una visión y actualizada de la investigación en el campo y sintetizar los hallazgos clave para informar la en el entrenamiento de la fuerza e hipertrofia muscular. El proceso de revisión sistemática seguirá las pautas establecidas en la metodología Prisma acorde a lo generado en una revisión sistemática, asegurando el rigor y la objetividad en la recolección y evaluación de la evidencia científica.
Material y método: Se realizaro una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos electrónicas, como PubMed, Scopus y SPORTDiscus, utilizando los términos o palabras clave que estén relacionadas con la hipertrofia muscular, el entrenamiento de resistencia y los determinantes. Se incluirán los estudios publicados sin límite de antigüedad de sujetos sanos masculinos y femeninos sometidos a programas de ejercicio para tratar la hipertrofia. Se evaluarán variables como el volumen del ejercicio, la intensidad, la frecuencia, el tiempo de recuperación, el rango de movimiento, el uso de técnicas de entrenamiento avanzadas.
Resultados: Se analizaron los resultados de los estudios científicos los cuales fueron seleccionados en una matriz prisma y se realizará un análisis de la evidencia científica para determinar los factores que muestren un efecto significativo en el aumento de la masa muscular. Además, se evaluará la calidad de los estudios incluidos y se realizará un análisis de sesgo para garantizar la fiabilidad de los resultados. Se espera que mediante el desarrollo de esta tesis de maestría se proporcione una comprensión integral de los factores más importantes para el desarrollo de la ganancia de masa muscular durante la práctica del entrenamiento de hipertrofia. Los resultados de esta revisión sistemática pueden ser utilizados por profesionales del fitness y la salud, entrenadores y atletas para mejorar el diseño de los programas de entrenamiento, optimizar los resultados y promover la mejora efectiva de la masa muscular. En pocas palabras, este documento de maestría buscará realizar una revisión sistemática exhaustiva de las distintas bases científicas para identificar los determinantes más relevantes de la ganancia de masa muscular en el entrenamiento de hipertrofia. Los resultados de este estudio proporcionarán una sólida base de conocimientos para optimizar las estrategias de ejercicio y mejorar los resultados de la hipertrofia.
Conclusiones: Según los hallazgos de este estudio, se debe realizar un entrenamiento con cargas con las siguientes características: 3-5 series de 6-12 repeticiones realizadas en el rango de movimiento completo, con una intensidad cercana al fallo muscular (repeticiones en reserva de 0 a 2), con un volumen de entrenamiento alto cada semana y una frecuencia semanal.
El método más efectivo para aumentar la masa muscular es realizar tres días por grupo muscular con una variedad de ejercicios que combinan contracciones concéntricas y excéntricas, utilizando un foco atencional interno y con un descanso entre series de 2-3 minutos.Introduction: The development of muscle hypertrophy is a popular goal in strength and endurance training for athletes and those seeking to improve their body composition and overall health. Although it is vitally important, understanding the most important factors that influence muscle mass gain is crucial to developing effective training strategies and optimizing results. This master's thesis focuses on conducting a comprehensive and systematic review of the scientific literature to identify and analyze the most relevant determinants of muscle mass gain during hypertrophy.
Objective: The objective of this review is to provide an updated overview of the research in the field and synthesize the key findings to inform the development of strength training and muscle hypertrophy. The systematic review process will follow the guidelines established in the Prisma methodology according to what is generated in a systematic review, ensuring rigor and objectivity in the collection and evaluation of scientific evidence. Material and method: An exhaustive search was carried out in electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus and SPORTDiscus, using the terms or keywords that are related to muscle hypertrophy, resistance training and determinants. Published studies without age limit of healthy male and female subjects undergoing exercise programs to treat hypertrophy will be included. Variables such as exercise volume, intensity, frequency, recovery time, range of motion, use of advanced training techniques will be evaluated.
Results: The results of the scientific studies were analyzed, which were selected in a prism matrix and an analysis of the scientific evidence will be carried out to determine the factors that show a significant effect on the increase in muscle mass. In addition, the quality of the included studies will be evaluated and a bias analysis will be performed to ensure the reliability of the results. It is expected that through the development of this master's thesis, a comprehensive understanding of the most important factors for the development of muscle mass gain during the practice of hypertrophy training will be provided. The results of this systematic review can be used by fitness and health professionals, coaches and athletes to improve the design of training programs, optimize results and promote effective muscle mass improvement. In a nutshell, this master's paper will seek to perform a comprehensive systematic review of the different scientific bases to identify the most relevant determinants of muscle mass gain in hypertrophy training. The results of this study will provide a solid knowledge base to optimize exercise strategies and improve hypertrophy results.
Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, resistance training should be performed with the following characteristics: 3-5 sets of 6-12 repetitions performed in the full range of motion, with an intensity close to muscle failure (repetitions in reserve from 0 to 2), with a high training volume each week and a weekly frequency. The most effective method to increase muscle mass is to perform three days per muscle group with a variety of exercises that combine concentric and eccentric contractions, using an internal attentional focus and with a rest between sets of 2-3 minutes.Incluye bibliografíaMaestríaMagister en Ciencias del Deport
Immunohistochemical identification of cytokeratin 14 and 19 during dental development
No full textLa formación de los dientes tiene gran importancia en la vida animal gracias a funciones, como la alimentación, la fonética o el ataque-defensa. La biomineralización fisiológica del desarrollo del órgano dental correspondiente al incisivo, diente de crecimiento continuo en ratones, constituye un modelo de investigación, que permite comprender los procesos involucrados en la formación de los tejidos mineralizados dentarios (esmalte y dentina) y periodontales (cemento y hueso alveolar). En estos procesos, pocos comprendidos fisiológicamente, participan epiteliocitos y filamentos intermedios de citoqueratinas (CK). Actualmente, el conocimiento sobre la identificación, la distribución y la participación de las CK durante la odontogénesis, particularmente, las CK19 y CK14, es escaso. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar y describir la expresión inmunohistoquímica de CK 19 y 14 durante el desarrollo dental. Para ello, se analizaron 12 incisivos de crecimiento continuo de ratones macho Swiss WT (Janvier, St Berthevin), de 7 días de nacidos. El estudio comprendió un análisis inmunohistoquímico con anticuerpos primarios monoclonales de conejo anti-CK 14 y anti-CK 19. Las observaciones se realizaron en un microscopio Leica DM6. Los resultados muestras que la CK19 se localiza en la lámina dental, las células del asa cervical y de la pulpa dental, mientras que la CK14, se localiza, esencialmente, en la lámina dental, ameloblastos y dentinoblastos. Se recomiendan futuros análisis inmunohistoquímicos (CK19/CK14) en ratones transgénicos, con el propósito de lograr una mayor comprensión de la función de estas CK, durante la formación dental.Tooth formation is essential in animal life due to feeding, phonetics, or attack-defense functions. The physiological biomineralization of the dental organ development corresponding to the incisor, a continuously growing tooth in mice, constitutes a research model that allows an understanding of the processes involved in the formation of mineralized dental tissues (enamel and dentin) and periodontal tissues (cementum and alveolar bone). In these processes, which are poorly understood physiologically, epitelial cells and intermediate filaments of cytokeratins (CK) participate. Knowledge about the identification, distribution, and participation of CKs during odontogenesis, particularly CK19 and CK14, is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and describe the immunohistochemical expression of CK19 and CK14 during dental development. For this purpose, 12 continuously growing incisors from 7-day-old male Swiss WT mice (Janvier, St Berthevin) were analyzed. The study included an immunohistochemical análisis with primary monoclonal rabbit antibodies anti-CK14 and anti- CK19. Observations were made using a Leica DM6 microscope. The results show that CK19 is localized in the dental lamina, cervical loop cells, and dental pulp, while CK14 is essentially localized in the dental lamina, ameloblasts, and dentinoblasts. Future immunohistochemical analyses (CK19/CK14) in transgenic mice are recommended to better understand these CKs’ function during dental formation.Incluye referencias bibliográfica
Uso de energia de luz fluorescente como tratamiento para la otitis externa asociada a miasis : Reporte de un caso clínico
No full textLa otitis externa es una inflamación del canal auditivo externo, que se genera por agentes bacterianos, fúngicas o incluso parásitos como los generadores de miasis cutánea, la que se reporta entre 10-20%, siendo más reportada en caninos. La miasis cutánea canina se produce por la infestación de larvas de moscas que generan daño tisular tras penetrar en cavidades corporales como el oído, desencadenando otitis externa e incluso interna. El empleo de luz fluorescente en seres vivos surge ya que reduce la inflamación y favorece la cicatrización de heridas en un corto período de tiempo, representando una terapia innovadora con aplicaciones potenciales en la medicina veterinaria.
El presente reporte referencia a un canino mestizo feral de 8 años aproximadamente, el cual fue atendido en el centro veterinario PAWS (Ciudad de México) debido a múltiples heridas contaminadas con gusanos a nivel de sus orejas, presentando también tejido en descomposición; se realiza manejo médico, quirúrgico (ablación bilateral de conductos auditivos) y de fotobiomodulación, demostrando una evolución satisfactoria.Otitis Externa (OE) is an inflammation of the external auditory canal, it can be due to various causes, such as bacterial or fungal infections; Even when it is linked to a cutaneous myiasis, it constitutes ap-proximately 10-20%, being more common in dogs than in cats. As for cutaneous myiasis in canines, this is caused by the infestation of fly larvae with the potential to cause damage to the skin tissue and pene-trate body cavities, such as the ear, triggering otitis externa and even otitis interna. The use of fluorescent light in living beings is based on principles of photobiology and photomedicine, stimulating biological responses aimed at reducing inflammation, promoting wound healing in a short period of time; repre-senting an innovative therapy with potential applications in veterinary medicine.
This report refers to a feral, mixed-breed canine approximately 8 years old; who was treated at the PAWS veterinary center (Mexico City), due to multiple wounds contaminated with worms at the level of his ears, as well as the presence of decomposing tissue; Medical and surgical management (bilateral ear canal ablation) and photobiomodulation were performed, demonstrating a satisfactory evolutionIncluye bibliografíaPregradoMédico(a) Veterinario Zootecnist
Implementación de herramientas de planeación estratégica en La Granja ovina COOMUDERSA
No full textA partir de la firma del Acuerdo de Paz entre el Gobierno de Colombia y el movimiento denominado Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) en 2017, se consideró como estrategia de reincorporación a la vida civil de los excombatientes, el financiamiento de la puesta en marcha de proyectos productivos. Entre éstos sobresale “La Granja ovina COOMUDERSA” perteneciente a un grupo asociativo de cincuenta personas en proceso de reincorporación; proyecto productivo localizado en el municipio Agua de Dios, al suroccidente del departamento de Cundinamarca. Al corroborar el desempeño técnico y económico de “La Granja ovina COOMUDERSA” en los últimos cuatro años, se decide formular y ejecutar el presente proyecto de investigación. El objetivo fue implementar herramientas de planeación estratégica para la mejora de la gestión empresarial de la “La Granja ovina COOMUDERSA”. Al respecto, se consideraron las etapas de planeación estratégica propuestas por Téllez y Cubillos (2004); por su parte, el levantamiento de la información incluyó la aplicación de un cuestionario de caracterización y la construcción de las matrices DOFA, PCI y POAM. Los principales problemas identificados en esta granja ovina fueron limitada asistencia técnica, incidencia de enfermedades parasitarias, inadecuado uso del suelo, gastos adicionales en insumos alimenticios y ausencia de sistemas de información para la toma de decisiones técnico-económicas. Como conclusión, se destaca que la implementación de herramientas de planeación estratégica es útil en el redireccionamiento de proyectos productivos agropecuarios de poblaciones vulnerables, incluidos los grupos de excombatientes; así como, para la reducción de factores críticos de éxito y la mejora de la gestión empresarial. Finalmente, se destacan como ventajas de la granja, el acceso a diversas fuentes de forraje y el alto valor genético de los ejemplares que conforman el rebaño; así como, la disponibilidad de mano de obra y oportunidades del mercado de productos ovinos a nivel regional.Since the signing of the Peace Agreement between the Government of Colombia and the movement called the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) in 2017, the financing of the start-up was considered as a strategy for the reintegration of ex-combatants into civilian life. of productive projects. Among these, “The sheep farm COOMUDERSA” stands out, belonging to an associative group of fifty people in the process of reincorporation; productive project located in the Agua de Dios municipality, in the southwest of the department of Cundinamarca. By corroborating the technical and economic performance of “The sheep farm COOMUDERSA” in the last four years, it was decided to formulate and execute this research project. The objective was to implement strategic planning tools to improve the business management of “The sheep farm COOMUDERSA”. In this regard, the strategic planning stages proposed by Téllez and Cubillos (2004) were considered; For its part, the collection of information included the application of a characterization questionnaire and the construction of the DOFA, PCI and POAM matrices. The main problems identified in this sheep farm were limited technical assistance, incidence of parasitic diseases, inadequate use of land, additional expenses in food inputs and absence of information systems for making technical-economic decisions. In conclusion, it is highlighted that the implementation of strategic planning tools is useful in redirecting productive agricultural projects of vulnerable populations, including groups of ex-combatants; as well as, to reduce critical success factors and improve business management. Finally, the advantages of the farm stand out: access to various sources of forage and the high genetic value of the specimens that make up the herd; as well as the availability of labor and market opportunities for sheep products at the regional level.Incluye bibliografíaPregradoMédico(a) Veterinario ZootecnistaMedicina Veterinaria y Zootecni
Bradicardia extrema en un caso de intoxicacion ´ por benzodiacepinas en un “body stuffer”
No full textTransport intoxication in the form of body stuffing, a dangerous practice involving the ingestion or insertion of psychoactive substances into the body to evade detection during drug trafficking, represents a major medical problem that requires immediate attention in the emergency department. Unlike body packing, where substances are encapsulated and swallowed for later extraction, body stuffing involves direct ingestion without wrapping, which greatly increases the risk of serious intoxication and even death. Benzodiazepines, due to their high demand on the black market, are among the most common drugs used in body stuffing. The management of this type of poisoning in the emergency department presents a significant clinical challenge due to the variability in clinical presentation, which can range from drowsiness and confusion to respiratory depression and coma.Rapid and accurate assessment is critical for effective management.The initial focus is on patient stabilization and life support as needed, which may include administration of naloxone to reverse opioid effects, mechanical ventilation for respiratory depression, and management of seizures if they occur.An appropriate approach in the emergency department is crucial to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients affected by this type of poisoning. Timely intervention and expert management can prevent serious complications and even death. We present the case of a patient with benzodiazepine intoxication with an atypical presentation due to clonazepam transport with bradycardia and its management in an institution in Bogotá-ColombiaIncluye referencias bibliográfica
Ciprofloxacina y su efecto en el ecosistema: desafíos ambientales y la crisis de la resistencia bacteriana
No full textEl incremento en la producción, consumo y eliminación de medicamentos ha generado un impacto negativo significativo en el medio ambiente. Este estudio se enfoca en la ciprofloxacina, un antibiótico de amplio espectro, y su efecto sobre los ecosistemas acuáticos y terrestres, así como los riesgos que plantea para la salud humana. Se destacan los peligros del uso inadecuado de medicamentos, con énfasis en la bioacumulación y la resistencia bacteriana. Se analizaron las rutas de eliminación de la ciprofloxacina y sus efectos tóxicos en organismos no objetivo. Además, se investigaron los procesos de degradación y transformación de este antibiótico en el medio ambiente y su ecotoxicidad. Los resultados indican que la presencia de ciprofloxacina en diversos medios ambientales contribuye al desarrollo de resistencia antimicrobiana, afectando la eficacia de los tratamientos médicos. El estudio también examina la legislación y regulaciones actuales sobre la presencia de fármacos en el medio ambiente, así como las estrategias para minimizar la contaminación por ciprofloxacina. Estas incluyen, la gestión adecuada de residuos farmacéuticos y la implementación de prácticas sostenibles en la industria farmacéutica. La investigación concluye que es esencial aumentar la concienciación sobre el uso responsable de los antibióticos y desarrollar políticas efectivas para controlar su liberación al medio ambiente. Se subraya la necesidad de una colaboración global para enfrentar la crisis de la resistencia bacteriana y proteger los ecosistemas naturales de los efectos adversos de los contaminantes emergentes.The increase in the production, consumption, and disposal of medicines has generated a significant negative impact on the environment. This study focuses on ciprofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, and its effect on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as the risks it poses to human health. The dangers of inappropriate medication use are highlighted, with emphasis on bioaccumulation and bacterial resistance. The elimination routes of ciprofloxacin and its toxic effects on non-target organisms were analyzed. In addition, the degradation and transformation processes of this antibiotic in the environment and its ecotoxicity were investigated. The results indicate that the presence of ciprofloxacin in various environmental media contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance, affecting the effectiveness of medical treatments. The study also examines current legislation and regulations on the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, as well as strategies to minimize ciprofloxacin contamination. These include proper management of pharmaceutical waste and the implementation of sustainable practices in the pharmaceutical industry. The research concludes that it is essential to raise awareness about the responsible use of antibiotics and to develop effective policies to control their release into the environment. The need for global collaboration to address the bacterial resistance crisis and protect natural ecosystems from the adverse effects of emerging contaminants is emphasizedIncluye bibliografíaPregradoTecnólogo(a) en Regencia de Farmaci
Effects of monensin and a blend of magnesium oxide on performance, feeding behavior, and rumen morphometrics of Zebu beef cattle fed high-starch diets
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of a blend of different sources of magnesium oxide associated or not with monensin, on productive, ruminal, and nutritional parameters of steers. Eighty-four Nellore steers with an initial body weight (BW) of 367.3 ± 37.9 kg were allocated to one of 28 pens, with three steers per pen. Each pen was considered an experimental unit. Using a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, the following treatments were assigned to each pen: 1) Control (CON) - a basal diet without additive inclusion; 2) Magnesium oxide blend (MG) - basal diet plus a magnesium-based product (pHix-up, Timab Magnesium, Dinard, France) provided at 0.50% of dry matter (DM); 3) Monensin (MON) - basal diet plus 25 mg/ kg of DM of sodium monensin (Rumensin, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN); and 4) MG association with MON - basal diet plus MG + MON, at the same doses of the individual treatments. The experimental period lasted 100 d. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 13, and 70 to determine d-lactate levels. Daily feed intake was recorded, and animal ingestive behavior was visually observed on days 66 and 67. On day 70, skeletal muscle tissue samples were obtained through biopsy for gene expression analysis. At the end of the experimental period, carcass ultrasonography was conducted. Subsequently, the steers were slaughtered, and rumen epithelium samples were collected for morphometric analysis. The use of monensin, of magnesium oxide blend, and their interactions, were treated as fixed effects, while the pens were considered as a random effect. Statistical differences were considered when P < 0.05. Steers-fed MG-containing diets consumed approximately 0.6 kg more DM per day than those fed diets without this additive (P = 0.01; 11.3 vs. 11.9 kg/d). The inclusion of MG in the diet increased (P = 0.02) the average daily gain. There was a greater Longissimus muscle area (LMA) and LMA per 100 kg of BW (P ≤ 0.03) for steers-fed diets with MG. Steers-fed MON exhibited reduced mRNA expression of the Atrogin-1 and mTOR compared to steers-fed MG + MON diets (MON × MG: P ≤ 0.04). Steers-fed MON had 6.9% greater feed efficiency (P = 0.02). Papillae width was lesser for CON than other treatments (MON × MG: P = 0.02). In conclusion, the magnesium oxide blend improved performance and carcass traits in high-energy feedlot diets, while monensin enhanced feed efficiency, suggesting potential for their use as alternatives or complements in beef cattle nutrition.Incluye referencias bibliográfica
2024 United Nations Biodiversity Conference (COP16), an event to measure the future of the planet
No full textIncluye referencias bibliográfica
The U.D.C.A. on the Road to Environmental Sustainability in Its Infrastructure and Environment
No full textThe Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A. has been walking a path from Sustainable Development to Environmental Sustainability, which is evidenced through initiatives in infrastructure and its environment, according to the Institutional Educational Project, which recognizes the Campus as a Living Classroom. In this opportunity, the process that is being advanced in terms of infrastructure and environmental management with three initiatives will be presented: 1. The U.D.C.A. environmental memory trail, an ecological trail under construction, which allowed articulating teaching, research, and social projection from a research seedbed of Environmental History, which collects environmental information related to biological, ecological and cultural aspects of the species of fauna and flora that are present on Campus. 2. The Tingua Refuge, an emblematic site of the UniversityUniversity recognized for its conservation of wild species such as Tinguas and ducks, where classroom projects are being developed with students of the Environmental Analysis Technology program to measure the quality of the water as a first step for its ecological restoration process, to turn it into a bio-indicator of environmental health for the UniversityUniversity. 3. The development of infrastructure as an axis of change toward the environmental sustainability of the University is part of the University's Infrastructure Master Plan, which defines the conditions under which the U.D.C.A. advances the necessary actions in environmental, urban, rural, and architectural aspects to adapt the academic spaces