Repositorio - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDC
Not a member yet
    5910 research outputs found

    Complex hybrid training method to develop maximum strength and muscle power applied to karate. A case study

    No full text
    Introducción: el karate es un deporte de combate caracterizado por altas demandas de producción de potencia muscular; no obstante, para lograrlo es necesario tener altos niveles de fuerza máxima, como capacidad física primordial. Objetivo: proponer un nuevo método de entrenamiento denominado método de entrenamiento hibrido complejo (MEHC) y determinar sus efectos sobre la fuerza máxima y potencia muscular en la disciplina de karate. Materiales y métodos: participó un atleta de karate (México), seleccionado nacional, clasificado a Juegos Panamericanos 2023. Se aplicó el MEHC durante la etapa de fuerza máxima y transformación a potencia muscular. Se realizaron pruebas para medir potencia muscular, mediante velocidad de ejecución en miembros inferiores (squat jump) y superiores (bench press throw); la fuerza máxima se evaluó de igual manera (velocidad de ejecución) en sentadilla y bench press. Resultados y discusión: la potencia muscular aumentó 0,6 % en el squat jump (1,62 m/s pre y 1,63 m/s post) y el bench press throw mejoró 2,5 % (0,79 m/s pre y 0,81 m/s post). La fuerza máxima incrementó del 12,5 % en sentadilla (120 kg a 0,27 m/s pre y 135 kg a 0,28 m/s post), mientras que en bench press mejoró 4,4% (85 kg a 0,13m/s pre y 90 kg a 0,15m/s post). Conclusiones: los hallazgos de la presente investigación sugieren que el MEHC mejora los niveles de fuerza máxima y potencia muscular en un atleta de karate de alto nivel.Introduction: Karate is a combat sport characterized by high demands to produce muscle power, however, to achieve the above it is necessary to have a high level of maximum strength as the primary physical capacity. Objective: To propose a new training method called the Complex Hybrid Training Method (CHTM) and determine its effects on maximum strength and muscle power in the karate discipline. Materials and methods: A karate athlete (México), a national team qualified for the 2023 Pan American Games, participed. The CHTM was applied during the stage of maximum strength and transformation to muscle power. Test were carried out to measure muscle power by the execution of velocity in the lower (squat jump) and upper (bench press throw) limbs; the maximum strength was evaluated in the same way (execution of velocity) in squat and bench press. Results and discussion: Muscle power increased 0.6 % in the squat jump (1.62 m/s pre and 1.63 m/s post), on the other hand, the bench press throw improved 2.5 % (0.79 m/s pre and 0.81 m/s post). The maximum strength increased 12.5 % in squat (120 kg at 0.27 m/s pre and 135 kg at 0.28 m/s post), while in bench press improved 4.4 % (85 kg at 0.13 m/s pre and 90 kg at 0.15 m/s post). Conclusions: The findings of the present research suggest that the CHTM improves the levels of maximum strength and muscle power in a high-level karate athlete.Incluye referencias bibliográfica

    Evaluación económica del cultivo de feijoa (Acca sellowiana) para una producción sostenible en el departamento de Cundinamarca

    No full text
    La feijoa Acca sellowiana es considerada una fruta exótica con potencial económico a nivel nacional e internacional, su producción presenta varias problemáticas en cuanto a falta de información en establecimiento de cultivo y la elevada fluctuación de precios, además de que las cantidades producidas no suplen la demanda del mercado local. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es realizar un diagnóstico cuantitativo de la información económica de feijoa en el departamento de Cundinamarca municipio de Tenjo, finca la Amanda; con ayuda de exploración de mercado, estudio financiero y estudio ambiental para hablar de una producción sostenible en todos sus aspectos. El cultivo llega a ser viable según la tasa interna de retorno, pero hay que tener en cuenta una serie de recomendaciones para obtener su máximo potencial.ABSTRACT The feijoa Acca sellowiana is considered an exotic fruit with economic potential at national and international level, its production presents several problems in terms of lack of information on crop establishment and high price fluctuation, in addition to the fact that the quantities produced do not meet the demand of the local market. The main objective of this work is to make a quantitative diagnosis of the economic information of feijoa in the department of Cundinamarca, municipality of Tenjo, La Amanda farm; with the help of market exploration, financial study and environmental study to talk about a sustainable production in all its aspects. The crop becomes viable according to the internal rate of return, but it is necessary to take into account a series of recommendations to obtain its maximum potentialIncluye bibliografíaPregradoIngeniero(a) AgrónomoIngeniería AgronómicaAgronegocios y Mercadeo Agrícol

    Evaluación de bienestar animal a partir de la determinación de parásitos gastrointestinales, de anemia infecciosa equina e indicadores de actividad muscular y su relación con el perfil inmunológico y hemático en equinos cocheros de la ciudad de Cartagena

    No full text
    El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer el efecto de enfermedades parasitarias y virales sobre perfil inmunológico, hemático, fisiológico, metabólico y bienestar animal en equinos cocheros. Las jornadas de campo iniciaron con la apertura de la historia clínica y evaluaciones de constantes fisiológicas e indicadores de bienestar a 60 animales. Los resultados se sometieron a un test de normalidad (Shapiro Wilk) antes del análisis estadístico descriptivo empleando el paquete estadístico SAS. Las variables morfoestructurales estuvieron dentro de los rangos normales y presentaron coeficientes de variación (CV) entre 10% y 15% respectivamente. Los valores de frecuencia cardiaca y respiratoria presentaron CV altos, lo que se puede atribuir en algunos animales al grado de excitación durante la evaluación física. Los valores promedios de bilirrubina total, GOT, GPT, FAS Y GGT en 100% de los animales evaluados se encuentran fuera de los valores de referencias, mientras que el 84% presentaron valores de leucocitos y eritrocitos alterados. 67% de los equinos evaluados presentaron parásitos gastrointestinales, de los cuales 26% presentaron infestación parasitaria mixta. Por otro lado, 22% de los individuos evaluados fueron seropositivos para anemia infecciosa equina. La concentración plasmática de CK, LDH y Haptoglobina aumentó entre 6 y 8 horas posterior a la jornada de trabajo, sin embargo 32 horas después las concentraciones de los indicadores fueron similares a la de los animales con descanso prolongado, indicando que el periodo de descanso es el suficiente para que las concentraciones de los metabolitos estudiados regresen a sus niveles basales de acuerdo con la especie.Salud Humana y Anima

    Hallazgos electrocardiográficos en un grupo de adultos jóvenes físicamente activos que residen a 2,600 metros sobre el nivel del mar: un estudio exploratorio

    No full text
    Purpose: The physiological adaptations to regular physical activity and hypobaric hypoxia associated with high-altitude res-idence are related to a series of cardiovascular adaptations thatcan generate electrocardiographic modifications. This study aimed todescribe the principal findings and determine the mean values of the electrocardiographic parameters in a group of physicallyactive young adults who reside at 2600 meters above sea level. Methods: 49 young, physically active subjects (11 women) in a SportsSciences program participated in the study. Each participant was subjected to a medical interview, a physical examination, and a resting elec-trocardiogram. Two physicians analyzed the electrocardiogram,searching for criteria of anatomical or physiological abnormalities;a descriptive analysis of the duration of waves and intervals and the amplitude of the Pand Twaves was also carried out. Results: The mean values of the electrocardiographic parameters were between the expected values. The principal findings involve sinus bradycardia and changes associated with the right side of the heart: incomplete right bundle branch block, right QRS axis deviation, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusions: The findings of this study are related to other studies that describe changes in the right side of the heart in inhabitants of high altitude and sinus bradycardia in physically active subjects and, in some cases, in high-altitude residents. Every young dweller of the altitude whoengages in physical activity should be submitted to a resting electrocardiogram, considering thehigh probability of finding changes in the electrocardiogramof asymptomatic patientsthat mayrequire further exploration.Propósito: Las adaptaciones fisiológicas a la actividad física regular y a la hipoxia hipobárica asociada con la residencia en la gran altura están relacionadas con una serie de adaptaciones cardiovasculares que pueden generar modificaciones electrocardiográficas. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los principales hallazgos y determinar los valores medios de los parámetros electrocardiográficos en un grupo de adultos jóvenes físicamente activos que residen a 2600 metros sobre el nivel del mar.Métodos: 49 sujetos (11 mujeres) jóvenes físicamente activos pertenecientes a un programa de ciencias del deporte participaron en el estudio. Cada participante fue sometido a una entrevista médica, un examen físico y un electrocardiograma en reposo. Dos médicos analizaron los electrocardiogramas buscando criterios de alteraciones anatómicas o fisiológicas, también se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la duración de las ondas e intervalos y la amplituddelas ondas P y T. Resultados: Los valores medios de los parámetros electrocardiográficos se encontraron dentro de los valoresesperados. Los principales hallazgos incluyen bradicardia sinusal y cambios asociados con el lado derecho del corazón: bloqueo incompleto de la rama derechadel haz de His, desviación a la derecha del eje del QRS e hipertrofia ventricular derecha.Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de este estudio están relacionadoscon otros estudios que describen cambios en el lado derecho del corazón en habitantes de la altura y bradicardia sinusal en sujetos físicamente activos y, en algunos casos, en residentes de la gran altura. Cada residente joven de la altura que realice actividad física deberíaser sometido a un electrocardiogramaen reposo, teniendo en cuenta que hay una alta probabilidad de encontrar cambios en el electrocardiogramaen pacientes asintomáticos, que podrían requerir una exploración más profunda.Incluye referencias bibliográfica

    Identificación de compuestos presentes en inflorescencias de Chromolaena tacotana y su estudio computacional como potenciales inhibidores de la proteína HER2

    No full text
    RESTRICCION 26-02-2026. La planta Balsilla, nombre científico Chromolaena tacotana, fue descubierta por primera vez en el departamento del cauca y se considera como una especie endémica de Colombia1. Se ha identificado en ella gran variedad de flavonoides que han demostrado tener actividad citotóxica y anticancerígena2. En el presente trabajo de investigación se realizó un estudio fitoquímico el cual consistió en realizar fraccionamientos y purificaciones mediante cromatografía en columna de las fracciones en diclorometano de las inflorescencias de la planta Chromolaena tacotana. Se aislaron e identificaron a través de técnicas espectroscópicas como 1H RMN, 13C RMN, COSY, HMQC y HMBC, tres compuestos denominados: NP-62, nomenclatura IUPAC: 3´,5-dihidroxi-3,4´,6,7-tetrametoxiflavona; NP-63, nomenclatura IUPAC: 3, 5, 4´-trihidroxi-7-metoxiflavona y NP-64, nomenclatura IUPAC: 2’4-dihidroxi-4’,6’-dimetoxichalcona. Posteriormente se realizó un estudio in silico mediante acoplamiento molecular utilizando Chimera y AutoDockVina para establecer las interacciones de los grupos funcionales de las moléculas aisladas con los residuos de aminoácidos de interés de la proteína ErbB2/HER2, la cual esta sobreexpresada en cáncer de mama. Los resultados demostraron que los tres compuestos tienen la capacidad de unirse al sitio activo de la proteína mediante interacciones de tipo puente de hidrogeno como lo hace su ligando endógeno. De esta manera se propone a los compuestos de tipo flavonoide como posibles ligandos de inhibición para la proteína ErbB2/HER2.The Balsilla plant, scientific name Chromolaena tacotana, was discovered for the first time in the department of Cauca and is considered an endemic species of Colombia1. A wide variety of flavonoids have been identified in it that have been shown to have cytotoxic and anticancer activity2. In the present research work, a phytochemical study was carried out which consisted of carrying out fractionations and purifications through column chromatography of the dichloromethane fractions of the inflorescences of the plant Chromolaena tacotana. Three compounds called: NP-62, IUPAC nomenclature: 3',5-dihydroxy-3,4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone were isolated and identified through spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HMQC and HMBC. ; NP-63, IUPAC nomenclature: 3, 5, 4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone and NP-64, IUPAC nomenclature: 2'4-dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone. Subsequently, an in silico study was carried out through molecular docking using Chimera and AutoDockVina to establish the interactions of the functional groups of the isolated molecules with the amino acid residues of interest of the ErbB2/HER2 protein, which is overexpressed in breast cancer. The results demonstrated that the three compounds have the ability to bind to the active site of the protein through hydrogen bond type interactions as does their endogenous ligand. In this way, flavonoid-type compounds are proposed as possible inhibition ligands for the ErbB2/HER2 protein.Incluye bibliografíaPregradoQuímico(a) FarmacéuticoQuímica FarmacéuticaBioprospecció

    Descriptores en la detección e identificación de talento deportivo en el atletismo de velocidad: revisión narrativa

    No full text
    RESUMEN Introducción: en la detección e identificación de talento deportivo en el atletismo de velocidad, es importante abordar la literatura nacional e internacional para fortalecer sistemas deportivos, estos procesos tempranos pueden minimizar costos y optimizar recursos, además de proyectar deportistas al rendimiento deportivo. Siendo necesario analizar los principales descriptores que se consideran en la literatura como esenciales al momento de detectar e identificar talento deportivo abordando una perspectiva integral. Objetivo: establecer los descriptores en la detección e identificación de talento deportivo en el atletismo de velocidad. Metodología: se diseñó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, con enfoque narrativo a través de una revisión de la literatura en base de datos especializadas, (Scopus, ScienceDirecct, SportDiscuss, Taylor&Francis) con la ecuación de búsqueda; ((Athletes OR Athletics) AND NOT (Teams sports)) AND (Identification Talent OR Aptitude OR Talent development) AND (Track and Field) se analizaron estudios seleccionados entre 2013-2023, incluyendo criterios de inclusión; idioma inglés, variables; talento, detección de talento, identificación de talento, pruebas físicas, maduración biológica, efecto de edad relativa, sexo y edad. Resultados: la ecuación de búsqueda reporto en total (n=1387) que fueron organizados en la plataforma EndNote Clarivate Web, se descartaron duplicados (n=83) identificando los ítems; titulo, resumen y contenido, se seleccionaron en total (n=14) revisados con la metodología propuesta, Letts cualitativo y Law cuantitativo. Conclusión: la detección e identificación de talento deportivo en el atletismo de velocidad requiere un enfoque integral y multidimensional que combine modelos tradicionales, desde el conocimiento tácito de los entrenadores y evaluaciones de componente; físico, genético, técnico y psicológico. Estos descriptores abordan desde los factores contextuales de los deportistas hasta las correcciones de la edad relativa y la maduración biológica, sin olvidar la revisión al amplio contenido de información que se tiene a disposición por medio del Big data.Introduction: In the detection and identification of athletic talent in sprinting, it is important to address both national and international literature to strengthen sports systems. These early processes can minimize costs and optimize resources, as well as project athletes towards sports performance. In this process, it is necessary to analyze the main descriptors considered in the literature as essential for detecting and identifying sports talent from a comprehensive perspective. Objective: To establish the descriptors in the detection and identification of athletic talent in sprinting. Methodology: A descriptive study with a narrative approach was designed through a literature review in specialized databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, SportDiscus, Taylor & Francis) using the search equation: ((Athletes OR Athletics) AND NOT (Team sports)) AND (Identification Talent OR Aptitude OR Talent development) AND (Track and Field). Studies selected between 2013 and 2023 were analyzed, addressing inclusion criteria such as English language, and including variables like talent, talent detection, talent identification, physical tests, biological maturation, relative age effect, sex, and age. Results: The search equation yielded a total of 1,387 results, which were organized in the EndNote Clarivate Web platform. After removing duplicates (n=83) and identifying items by title, abstract, and content, a total of 14 studies were selected and reviewed using the proposed methodology, Letts qualitative and Law quantitative. Conclusion: The detection and identification of athletic talent in sprinting require an integrated and multidimensional approach that combines traditional models, the tacit knowledge of coaches, and evaluations of physical, genetic, technical, and psychological components. These descriptors address the contextual factors of athletes, adjustments for relative age and biological maturation, and the extensive information available through big data.Incluye bibliografíaPregradoProfesional en Ciencias del Deport

    Determinación de la dosis y frecuencia de aplicación del fertilizante foliar Crecidor GA3 en la postemergencia de tomate chonto (Solanum lycopersicum, hibrido carina) empleado en agricultura urbana

    No full text
    La agricultura urbana es el método de producción de alimentos a pequeña escala en la que se dispone de recursos limitados dentro o en la periferia de la ciudad. Se caracteriza por satisfacer las necesidades alimenticias de subsistencia, mediante cultivos de pancoger. Es una alternativa a la agricultura convencional y también una oportunidad para poder solventar las crisis que afectan a las comunidades dentro de las grandes urbes. Una de las hortalizas más empleadas en la cocina a nivel mundial es el tomate (Solanum lycopersicon) var. Chonto, por su versatilidad y fácil combinación en cualquier plato es un producto muy apetecido. Para satisfacer dicha demanda y acortar la dependencia de su centro de producción como lo es el campo, la agricultura urbana se ofrece como solución, es por esto por lo que buscar métodos o prácticas que faciliten la reproducción de esta técnica en los hogares que dispongan del espacio suficiente, contribuiría a mejorar las condiciones de vida de los citadinos. Dentro del proceso de cultivo, la fertilización es una etapa importante ya que le asegura a la planta los nutrientes necesarios para una óptima producción, por lo que este trabajo se enfocó en buscar la combinación ideal de la dosificación de un fertilizante foliar comercial (CRECIDOR GA3) junto con la frecuencia de aplicación adecuada durante el arranque del cultivo, para lo cual se planteó un diseño experimental en donde se combinaron los anteriores factores junto con diferentes niveles (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 gr/l X riego semanal, quincenal y mensual) con 5 réplicas, además se empleó el método de comparación de contrastes ortogonales entre grupos dada la gran cantidad de tratamientos. Se determinó que al aplicar 10 gr/l semanalmente (tratamiento FR2D2) se obtiene la mayor longitud de tallo y mayor número de hojas, mientras que por el contrario cuando se aplican dosis iguales o superiores a 20 gr/l semanalmente en la mayoría de los casos se produce fitotoxicidad (tratamientos FR2D3, FR2D4, FR2D5 y FR3D5).The urban agriculture is the method of food production to little scale when are able resources limited inside or in suburbs of cities. It is characterized by satisfy the food necessities of subsistence, by means of pancoger crops. This is an alternative against the conventional agriculture and an opportunity can resolve crisis that affect the communities in the big metropolis. One of the most vegetables uses in the kitchen to level world is the tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) var. Chonto, for their versatility and easy combination on any dish is a product very desirable dish. To satisfy it demands and cut off the dependence from them production center like the countryside, the urban agriculture is the solution, this is why we look methods or practices that facilitate the reproduction of this technique on the homes that have the space enough, it will contribute to improve the life conditions of citizens. Within the cultivation processes, fertilization is one important step, due to safe the nutrients necessary to an optimum production, therefore this work focused on search the ideal combination of the dose of a commercial foliar fertilizer (CRECIDOR GA3) together with the appropriate irrigation frequency during the beginning of the crop, for which an experimental design was proposed where the previous factors were combined together with different levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 gr/l X weekly, biweekly and monthly watering) with 5 replies, also a method of comparation about orthogonal contrasts among groups given the large number of treatments. Like results when apply 10 gr/l weekly (treatment FR2D2) you get the greatest length stem and greatest number of leaves, while in opposite when you apply doses equal to or greater than 20 gr/l weekly in most cases it produced phytotoxicity (treatments FR2D3, FR2D4, FR2D5 y FR3D5).Incluye bibliografíaPregradoIngeniero(a) AgrónomoProducción agrícola sostenibl

    Cambios en el balance hídrico de la cuenca del río Bogotá asociados a la variabilidad climática durante el periodo 2000 al 2022

    No full text
    Esta investigación tiene como objetivo actualizar el conocimiento hidrológico de la cuenca del río Bogotá, identificando los cambios en el balance hídrico causados por la variabilidad climática. Se analizó la evolución del volumen de agua escurrida usando información climática satelital de las últimas décadas, mediante el uso de diferentes bancos de datos grillados como “Climate Hazards group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data” (CHIRPS), “Multi-Source Weather” (MSWX) y TerraClimate. La validación de la información satelital se realizó con base en los datos oficiales del Instituto de Hidrología Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM), esto con el objetivo de determinar la incertidumbre de los datos satelitales y detectar cambios en las variables climáticas esenciales para el balance hídrico. Además, se aplicó la ecuación de Budyko junto con la información de CHIRPS, ya que representan de manera más precisa la precipitación, insumo base para el cálculo de la evapotranspiración real y posteriormente la escorrentía. Los resultados indican un aumento generalizado de la escorrentía en la cuenca, en el contexto de una variabilidad climática, donde el fenómeno de La Niña es cada vez más frecuente e intenso. La validación de los resultados relacionados con la escorrentía se realizó al analizar la información de caudal obtenida por la estación Puente Portillo, ubicada en la parte baja de la cuenca del río Bogotá. Aunque los datos satelitales mostraron una sobreestimación de la variable, existe coherencia con los registros de la estación terrestre. A pesar de esta sobreestimación, el comportamiento observado se alineó con las mediciones de la estación, lo que permite interpretar los resultados y respaldar las conclusiones pertinentes.This research aims to update hydrological knowledge in the Bogotá River basin, identifying changes in the water balance caused by climate variability. The evolution of the volume of runoff water was analyzed using satellite climate information from the last decades, using different gridded databases such as "Climate Hazards group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data" (CHIRPS), "Multi-Source Weather" (MSWX) and TerraClimate. The validation of the satellite information was carried out based on official data from the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM), with the aim of determining the uncertainty of the satellite data and detecting changes in the climatic variables essential for the water balance. In addition, the Budyko equation was applied together with the information from CHIRPS, since they represent precipitation more accurately, the basis for the calculation of the actual evapotranspiration and subsequently the runoff. The results indicate a generalized increase in runoff in the basin, in the context of climate variability, where the La Niña phenomenon is becoming more frequent and intense. The validation of the results related to runoff was carried out by analyzing the flow information obtained by the Puente Portillo station, located in the lower part of the Bogotá River basin. Although satellite data showed an overestimation of the variable, there is consistency with ground station records. Despite this overestimation, the observed behavior was aligned with the station's measurements, allowing the results to be interpreted and relevant conclusions to be supported.Incluye bibliografíaPregradoIngeniero(a) Geógrafo y AmbientalClima y gestión del riesg

    Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

    No full text
    Background: Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050. Methods: Using forecasts of major drivers of health such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite measure of lag-distributed income per capita, mean years of education, and total fertility under 25 years of age) and the full set of risk factor exposures captured by GBD, we provide cause-specific forecasts of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age and sex from 2022 to 2050 for 204 countries and territories, 21 GBD regions, seven super-regions, and the world. All analyses were done at the cause-specific level so that only risk factors deemed causal by the GBD comparative risk assessment influenced future trajectories of mortality for each disease. Cause-specific mortality was modelled using mixed-effects models with SDI and time as the main covariates, and the combined impact of causal risk factors as an offset in the model. At the all-cause mortality level, we captured unexplained variation by modelling residuals with an autoregressive integrated moving average model with drift attenuation. These all-cause forecasts constrained the cause-specific forecasts at successively deeper levels of the GBD cause hierarchy using cascading mortality models, thus ensuring a robust estimate of cause-specific mortality. For non-fatal measures (eg, low back pain), incidence and prevalence were forecasted from mixed-effects models with SDI as the main covariate, and YLDs were computed from the resulting prevalence forecasts and average disability weights from GBD. Alternative future scenarios were constructed by replacing appropriate reference trajectories for risk factors with hypothetical trajectories of gradual elimination of risk factor exposure from current levels to 2050. The scenarios were constructed from various sets of risk factors: environmental risks (Safer Environment scenario), risks associated with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNs; Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination scenario), risks associated with major non-communicable diseases (NCDs; Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario), and the combined effects of these three scenarios. Using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios SSP2-4.5 as reference and SSP1-1.9 as an optimistic alternative in the Safer Environment scenario, we accounted for climate change impact on health by using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature forecasts and published trajectories of ambient air pollution for the same two scenarios. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were computed using standard methods. The forecasting framework includes computing the age-sex-specific future population for each location and separately for each scenario. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In the reference scenario forecast, global and super-regional life expectancy increased from 2022 to 2050, but improvement was at a slower pace than in the three decades preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (beginning in 2020). Gains in future life expectancy were forecasted to be greatest in super-regions with comparatively low life expectancies (such as sub-Saharan Africa) compared with super-regions with higher life expectancies (such as the high-income super-region), leading to a trend towards convergence in life expectancy across locations between now and 2050. At the super-region level, forecasted healthy life expectancy patterns were similar to those of life expectancies. Forecasts for the reference scenario found that health will improve in the coming decades, with all-cause age-standardised DALY rates decreasing in every GBD super-region. The total DALY burden measured in counts, however, will increase in every super-region, largely a function of population ageing and growth. We also forecasted that both DALY counts and age-standardised DALY rates will continue to shift from CMNNs to NCDs, with the most pronounced shifts occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (60·1% [95% UI 56·8–63·1] of DALYs were from CMNNs in 2022 compared with 35·8% [31·0–45·0] in 2050) and south Asia (31·7% [29·2–34·1] to 15·5% [13·7–17·5]). This shift is reflected in the leading global causes of DALYs, with the top four causes in 2050 being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared with 2022, with ischaemic heart disease, neonatal disorders, stroke, and lower respiratory infections at the top. The global proportion of DALYs due to YLDs likewise increased from 33·8% (27·4–40·3) to 41·1% (33·9–48·1) from 2022 to 2050, demonstrating an important shift in overall disease burden towards morbidity and away from premature death. The largest shift of this kind was forecasted for sub-Saharan Africa, from 20·1% (15·6–25·3) of DALYs due to YLDs in 2022 to 35·6% (26·5–43·0) in 2050. In the assessment of alternative future scenarios, the combined effects of the scenarios (Safer Environment, Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination, and Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenarios) demonstrated an important decrease in the global burden of DALYs in 2050 of 15·4% (13·5–17·5) compared with the reference scenario, with decreases across super-regions ranging from 10·4% (9·7–11·3) in the high-income super-region to 23·9% (20·7–27·3) in north Africa and the Middle East. The Safer Environment scenario had its largest decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (5·2% [3·5–6·8]), the Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario in north Africa and the Middle East (23·2% [20·2–26·5]), and the Improved Nutrition and Vaccination scenario in sub-Saharan Africa (2·0% [–0·6 to 3·6]). Interpretation: Globally, life expectancy and age-standardised disease burden were forecasted to improve between 2022 and 2050, with the majority of the burden continuing to shift from CMNNs to NCDs. That said, continued progress on reducing the CMNN disease burden will be dependent on maintaining investment in and policy emphasis on CMNN disease prevention and treatment. Mostly due to growth and ageing of populations, the number of deaths and DALYs due to all causes combined will generally increase. By constructing alternative future scenarios wherein certain risk exposures are eliminated by 2050, we have shown that opportunities exist to substantially improve health outcomes in the future through concerted efforts to prevent exposure to well established risk factors and to expand access to key health interventions. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Incluye referencias bibliográfica

    Comprehensive Management of Water Resources: A StepBy-Step Path Towards a Sustainable Campus at The U.D.C.A (Bogotá, Colombia)

    No full text
    Universities are recognized as essential agent of change since future decision-makers related to sustainability are going and will pass through their classrooms. This circumstance becomes an excellent opportunity to demonstrate, with example, and instill in the students how these types of organizations control and approach implementing practices that guarantee sustainability and the appropriate use of resources over time. The Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales has undertaken different actions related to the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) on campus since 1990. This work focuses on the actions carried out by the Integrated Environmental Management System (latest institutional management model) between the 2014-2016 period to improve the university campus's IWRM (drinking water and wastewater management) from a systemic point of view. The actions implemented were part of the project: Reusing treated water at the University's Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). This project included the following objectives: 1) Reduce the volume and economic costs of sludge water disposal; 2) Reduce drinking water consumption; and 3) Promote environmental education about water resources in students of the different programs of the University. The results were: 1) A decrease of 68.3% in volume and 69.5% in costs of sludge water disposal; 2) A 41.2% saving in drinking water consumption; and 3) 2,475 members of the university community impacted by issues related to the management of water resources

    0

    full texts

    5,910

    metadata records
    Updated in last 30 days.
    Repositorio - Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDC
    Access Repository Dashboard
    Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇