Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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Brand Awareness and Promotion in Social Networks Based on the Example of a Lithuanian Supermarket Chain /
No full textWith the rapid spread of technology, consumers spend most of their free time on computers, smartphones, and social networks. It is becoming increasingly difficult for businesses to reach the consumer directly, and more and more businesses are reorganizing all or part of the electronic space. This process was particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. Merchants are discovering ever new ways to present their goods and services. Thus, the changing needs of the user also change the means of promotion. However, the question constantly arises, what factors influence one or another consumer's choice, what increases the brand awareness, how to promote it most effectively on social networks? We carried out a systematic and comparative analysis of the concepts published in the scientific literature, a study of the brand, brand awareness, brand promotion concepts, and factors increasing the brand awareness. The article aims to identify the factors that increase brand awareness and, based on the results of the Eye-tracking system research, to make suggestions for increasing brand awareness on social networks. Research methods: a systematic and comparative analysis of concepts and methods published in the scientific literature, statistical processing, expert survey, research of the Eye-tracking system, multicriteria evaluation
Governmentally Imposed Barriers to the Activities of Non-Governmental Organizations : The Case of Russia.
No full textNon-governmental organizations (NGOs) are an important part of a democratic civil society. However, despite the positive role of NGOs, activities of NGOs and their interference into the state’s issues are often understood by state authorities as a threat and therefore legal barriers to the activities of NGOs are determined. In this article restrictions imposed on NGOs and their application in the Russian Federation are analyzed. In recent years, NGOs operating in Russia, especially those working in the political sphere and/or financed by foreign sources, have seen increased control. The research revealed that major groups of legal restrictions aimed at NGOs working in Russia are as follows: restrictions of freedom of association, freedom of speech and assemble, and financial restrictions. Adopted in 2012 and 2015 respectively, the “Foreign Agent” and “Undesirable organizations” laws are the most considerable challenges for the functioning of NGOs in Russia. This research was conducted based on document analysis and semi-structured interviews with Russian NGOs
Dirbtinis intelektas: visuomenės infantilizacija ir bejėgiškumas.
No full textThe paper is focused on a few ideas of two contemporary philosophers – Bernard Stiegler and Odo Marquard. Stiegler was a critic of contemporary techniques, while Marquard offered some well-aimed ideas about contemporary society in the age of technical progress. Contemporary techniques, at the top of which is artificial intelligence, indicate the well-being of contemporary society. But this well-being perhaps should be written with a negative sign. The loss of the innate technical abilities that make up the essence of an individual means the loss of a technical individual. Technology as memory in the broadest sense is no longer the property of man, but industrial memory. Continuous learning throughout life, aimed at overcoming the backwardness of our consciousness from industrial technology and artificial intelligence, leads to a complete loss of human experience
An Integrated Assessment of the Competitiveness of a Sustainable City within the Context of the COVID-19 Impact /
No full textIt is crucial for a city to ensure economic stability and growth, along with social security and prosperity, not only for the present, but also for future generations. Increasingly, researchers are highlighting the need to apply sustainable urban growth principles to the field of urban development, arguing that this would reduce the negative impacts of urbanization processes (poverty, air pollution, unemployment, and crime). At the same time, cities are competing with one another to maintain their position in the urban hierarchy, not only in the short term, but also in the long term. The COVID-19 pandemic affected many areas of our everyday life: over 5.85 million deaths, increased unemployment, the introduction of restrictions, the closure of national borders, and various other circumstances have all undoubtedly affected to a certain degree those factors which serve to influence competitiveness. The aim of this article is to conduct an integrated competitiveness assessment of the Baltic capitals within the context of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for the period 2015–2020, according to an integrated assessment model for urban competitiveness (MDK), which is based upon the principles of sustainable development. A systematic and comparative analysis of the concepts published in the scientific literature has been performed, the concepts of sustainable city and sustainable urban competitiveness have been formed, research and methods of urban competitiveness evaluation have been carried out, and a comprehensive competitiveness assessment of the results of the study showed that the evaluation of integrated competitiveness of a sustainable city in the context of the impact of COVID-19 (using the Baltic capitals as an example in the period 2015–2020), in terms of the multi-criteria SAW and TOPSIS evaluation methods, is in the highest position in 2016–2019. Vilnius is in second place during the whole period 2016–2019. Riga takes third place in 2015–2019 (except in 2020, when it exchanges places with Vilnius and takes second place). Meanwhile, the results of the COPRAS multicriteria method differ from those discussed above. In 2016, 2019, and 2020, Tallinn is in the highest position, and in 2015, 2017, and 2018, it is surpassed by Vilnius. Riga remained in third place from 2015 to 2019. In 2020, Vilnius took over this position
Monuments to 1863–1864 Uprising: Searching State Identity.
No full textPublic monuments are becoming more and more important as creators and representatives of the state’s identity not only in the academic area, but in public debates as well. The article looks at the monuments as practices of collective memory, participating in the processes of representation, formation and support of the state’s identity, the analysis of which allows identifying the meanings that create the image of the state. This article analyzes the monuments dedicated to 1863–1864 Uprising in Lithuania, built during the period of restored independence of Lithuania. Resisting from the historiography of 1863-1864 Uprising and the variety of its interpretation, the aim of this analysis is to find out what meanings attributed to the Uprising are revealed by the monuments, how they contribute or do not contribute to a certain vision of the Lithuanian state identity
Moralinis karinės galios elementas: Ukrainos kariuomenės pasipriešinimas Rusijos–Ukrainos kare.
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the moral component in the structure of military power, a component that is poorly understood in the twenty-first century conflicts, and, more particularly, to reveal how the Ukrainian army applies the moral component to its operations in the Russia-Ukraine war. The article is divided into three sections. The first section examines theoretical notions of military power and the significance of the moral element in the structure of military power. A case study of the Ukrainian military resistance in the Russia-Ukraine war is provided in the second section. It reveals how the Ukrainian army employed the moral component in the war, arguing that, at least to some extent, the moral component helps to balance the asymmetry of the military capabilities of the two countries. Based on the Ukrainian army experience, the last section of the article discusses the relevance of the moral element in the defense policy of Lithuania
A Study of the Relationship between Lithuanian International Migration Flows and Transport Sector Performance Indicators /
No full textMigration, emigration and immigration are processes directly related to transport and have a significant impact on the performance of this field. On the other hand, extensive movement of people inevitably relates to issues of sustainability, their assurance, etc. Migrants settle in large cities where public transport is well developed. Migrants usually commute by means other than driving their own cars (choosing public transport, walking, cycling or car sharing). Many researchers in the USA (United States of America) have linked this to migrants’ choice of a place of residence, which are well served by public transport, as they mainly travel for work. However, with passing time and improving living standards, the need for immigrants to not only use public transport, but to also own their own, becomes similar to that of the locals. This also increases the need for the analysis of sustainable transport issues. The correlation and regression analyses used in the article and the application of the ALM (automatic linear modelling) modelling led to the following results: a significant positive correlation was found between emigration and passenger carriage by all modes of transport|Maritime transport, and a significant negative correlation was found between emigration and passenger carriage by all modes of transport|Rail transport, suggesting that these indicators have a mutually significant relationship with one another. The conducted regression analysis and applied modelling showed that the regression model was insignificant and therefore cannot be used. However, the results suggest that the relationship between immigration and transport indicators can be used as a direction for further research
Society in the authoritarian discourse: The case of the 2020 presidential election in Belarus /
No full textIn August 2020, the presidential election took place in Belarus, followed by unprecedented mass protests due to apparent election fraud. Aliaksandr Lukashenka, the country’s long-term authoritarian leader, faced the biggest electoral challenge since his first election in 1994. This article analyzes his official rhetoric during the campaign and after the election focusing on the image of the society. For this purpose, discourse-historical approach is applied to understand his political vision of the developments in Belarus and to explore changes in his rhetoric caused by the unprecedented challenge to his power. The research demonstrates that Lukashenka acts as a classical authoritarian ruler with respective discursive strategies. The text shows that he adopted the imaginary role of Belarus’s strict father, who has assumed full responsibility for its fate and offensively reacts to every challenger of this role. It also reveals that Lukashenka sees his personal contract with the Belarusian society as a stable and durable instrument that does not require changes and per se implies his personal engagement as a party to it. Finally, the analysis of Lukashenka’s rhetoric in 2020 suggests that a voluntary transition of power in Belarus remains rather wishful thinking
Age and gender impact on password hygiene /
No full textPassword hygiene plays an essential part in securing systems protected with single-factor authentication. A significant fraction of security incidents happen due to weak or reused passwords. The reasons behind differences in security vulnerable behaviour between various user groups remains an active research topic. The paper aims to identify the impact of age and gender on password strength using a large password dataset. We recovered previously hashed passwords of 102,120 users from a leaked customer database of a car-sharing company. Although the measured effect size was small, males significantly had stronger passwords than females for all age groups. Males aged 26–45 were also significantly different from all other groups, and password complexity decreased with age for both genders equally. Overall, very weak password hygiene was observed, 72% of users based their password on a word or used a simple sequence of digits, and passwords of over 39% of users were found in word lists of previous leaks