Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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Вплив іноземних прямих інвестицій з країн північної Європи на структуру економіки Литви.
No full textForeign direct investment is considered a driving force for economic growth, boosting trade and reducing unemployment. The recipient country benefits from technology transfer. The host economy develops and changes its economic structure. The Baltic states, including Lithuania, attracted high volumes of Nordic FDI. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of inwards Nordic FDI on the economic structure of Lithuania. The research employed descriptive statistics, correlation regression and the Granger causality test. The stationarity of the data was checked by the augmented Dickey–Fuller test to evaluate the impact on the structural changes. The sectors were divided into primary, secondary and tertiary. The data have been structured according to the economic activities corresponding to the Nomenclature statistique des activités économiques dans la Communauté européenne (NACE) classification of economic activities in the European Union. The primary sector includes agriculture, forestry and mining. The secondary factors included manufacturing, construction, water and electricity supply, tertiary cover services and trade. Furthermore, for our research, we chose GDP per capita and gross value added (GVA). The GVA was chosen to evaluate the impact of each Nordic country’s FDI on different sectors. The sectoral contribution to the economy is expressed as GVA. This research was performed from three perspectives. The first is focused on the analysis of the flows and distribution of FDI in Lithuania by economic sector in the Nordic countries. Furthermore, we have analysed the impact of foreign direct investment in the Nordic countries on Lithuania’s economic growth. The final subsection is devoted to estimating the causal link between the distribution of FDI by economic sector in the Nordic European countries and the causal link between economic indicators in these sectors. Our study contributes to internationalization theory by extending it from a sectoral angle. In particular, the need to understand the impact of FDI from a single country on the host economy and its economic structure should be emphasized. We claim that inwards FDI might change the economic structure of the host economy in a positive or negative way. In addition, FDI should contribute to the economic advancement of host countries, which means that the tertiary sector should expand. The results of our study might be useful for improving FDI promotion policy in Lithuania while seeking long-term results in the expansion of the tertiary sector, especially knowledge-intensive activities. Main conclusion. We can conclude that Lithuania has the potential to benefit from inwards Nordic FDI; however, it still does not take all the advantages of these opportunities, as some FDI has no impact on the expansion of the tertiary sector or any sector at all
Modernisation of a Country in the Context of Social Environmental Sustainability: Example of Lithuania /
No full textThis paper seeks to encourage deeper scientific discussions about the country’s modernisation in the context of social environmental sustainability. Emphasizing the importance of this study, the research problem was identified in response to the questions of how the country’s modernisation manifests itself in the context of social environment sustainability and what are the consequences for the society. This paper is based on a quantitative empirical study to support the structural perspective of the modernisation of the country, to develop an integrated system of indicators for the formation of a modern country following an analysis of the country’s modernisation trends in terms of the social environment. The scientific value of the study: the present paper investigates the ‘soft’ determinants of social environmental sustainability of the country; provides a methodological framework for the methods used (descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM). A three-dimensional research approach, covering the education system and educational culture; socio-economic integration; the legal system and the importance of public administration and citizenship, was utilized. A cross-sectional survey of 1021 respondents and structural equation modelling were selected as the main research tools. Lithuania served as an empirical basis for the research. It was revealed that the most important factors in shaping the modernisation of the country through the lens of social environmental sustainability are the participation of citizens in social communities and social activities. Factors that need improvement are public participation and tolerance for the disabled
Loo, Bernard F.W., ed. Strategy and Defence Policy for Small States: Problems and Prospects. World Scientific, 2021 /
No full textAssessment of the economic security of Baltic port cities’ competitiveness /
No full textCity competitiveness is a complex product of local and international conditions, local characteristics, social and economic superstructure, and the actions of individual companies. Although many scientific studies have examined the country’s and urban competitiveness, the competitiveness of port cities still needs to be assessed comprehensively, taking into account their crucial economic role. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the competitiveness and economic security of the Baltic port cities (Klaipėda, Riga, and Tallinn). Statistical processing and multi-criteria evaluation methods (SAW, COPRAS, and TOPSIS) were chosen to achieve this goal. The comparative analysis showed that the population change in port cities is not significant for the final result of the competitiveness assessment, and the unemployment rate in port cities is lower than in the country. The assessment of the competitiveness of port cities from the point of view of economic security shows (after checking such indicators as unemployment rate, company income, and infrastructure) that Tallinn is the most competitive port city according to the three multi-criteria evaluation methods, while Klaipėda is the least competitive. The assessment was carried out in three stages to monitor changes in the situation of port cities, compared to changes in a certain indicator and the costs of timely solutions or the improvement of the city’s position in relation to other cities
Conscription in Lithuania: Motivation, Attitudes and Contribution into Defence Forces /
No full textIn 2014, Lithuania have reintroduced conscription after a number of years of voluntary defence. Currently, young men between 19-26 are expected to complete compulsory primary military service, meanwhile, women can do it voluntary. At the same time, discussion should it be compulsory or voluntary, for men only or, also, for women, still is going on. The purpose of the research is to explore how motivation of conscripts interrelate to their attitudes towards future of conscription institute, and personal plans to become part of national armed forces. The research is based on the data collected within the research project “Sociological research of the development of the Lithuanian army in the changing international security environment”, conducted since 2016 by the sociologists of General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania. Quantitative questionnaire survey method was used for data collection. Among many other questions, the questionnaire include questions on motivation do to conscription, attitudes towards future conscription, and intentions to become a part of Lithuanian defence forces. Over 2000 conscripts were involved into the survey each year of the project. In 2016-2019, data collected face-by-face. In 2020-2022, it was done by combining face-by-face and online questioning, depending on situation with the Covid-19 pandemia. Empirical data reveal that conscripts have different motivations to complete compulsory primary military service. It vary from intention to accomplish duty to the Motherland and the search for an adventure. Part of conscripts already have plans to become military professionals, and conscription is their way to test themselves whether choice of possible profession is right to them. Meanwhile, those who’s motivation is search for an adventure, after the conscription often change their mind and decide to joint national armed forces by becoming military professionals. Universal compulsory conscription is supported for men only, but conscription for women is supported only as voluntary
Wgląd w postawy użytkowników wobec innowacyjności finansowych.
No full textSignificant technological advances have determined the importance of FinTech firms worldwide; they attract substantial investment and put competitive pressure on banks providing traditional services. The development of financial innovations challenges users accustomed to classical financial solutions since trust in financial technologies requires risk assessment, which becomes increasingly complicated. The main participants shaping the attitude towards FinTech are investors, customers, regulators, technology developers, and risk managers. The paper aims to explore FinTech opportunities and challenges, as the public understands them. The authors used scientific sources and employed big data processing methods to evaluate social media users' attitudes towards the FinTech sector. The obtained results revealed that, despite of overall positive attitude, FinTech companies have to pay special attention to investment management and ensuring the security and privacy of clients’ data
Psychological prediction of stress-related hair steroid hormone levels in young men: a person-centered approach /
No full textThe aim was to: (1) identify individual profiles in young men regarding personality and cognitive appraisal style employing easy-to-use instruments, and (2) to explore how such profiles relate to biological stress indicators. The sample consisted of 173 male Lithuanian conscripts. An assessment was made after one month into their basic military training. Levels of cortisol, cortisone and testosterone were established through analysis of hair samples. Psychological assessments included the Big Five model of personality as well as cognitive appraisal style and perceived stress during the previous month of service. Four unique personality profiles were identified in a cluster analysis that differed significantly as theoretically expected on the Perceived Stress Scale. Statistically significant between-profile differences were found on cortisol and cortisone but not on testosterone. The personality profile with the highest scores on all three biological markers was characterized by high scores on Extraversion and Openness and low scores on Agreeableness. Second, three distinct cognitive appraisal style profiles emerged. They were related as theoretically expected to perceived stress, but they were unrelated to the hair steroid hormone concentration levels. Third, the combination of the most psychologically vulnerable personality profile, which included low scores on Emotional stability, and the most stressed cognitive appraisal style profile, yielded the clearest result and showed that it was possible to detect individuals with significantly higher stress-related hair steroid hormone levels using psychological instruments. Practical potential implications include identification of individuals who are most psychologically vulnerable and in need of close monitoring
The Relationship between Psychological Hardiness and Military Performance by Reservists: A Moderation Effect of Perceived Stress and Resilience /
No full textThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of hardiness on the perceived military performance of reservists, i.e., young people who have full-time jobs in a civilian sector and perform military training as a part of their civic duty. We proposed the conceptual model with conditional indirect effects of the hardiness on personal military performance, where mediated moderation effects are observed from personality traits and variables important for military service: team cohesion, perceived stress, and psychological resilience. The final dataset was comprised of 384 self-reported paper–pencil questionnaires filled out by reserve soldiers, and PROCESS Macro 3.5 Model 7 and Model 14 were used for the analysis. The results revealed that perceived stress (Model 1) and psychological resilience (Model 2) have a statistically significant moderate mediating effect on the interlink between hardiness and performance when personality traits and team cohesion are taken into consideration. The change in R2 is statistically significant and explains how perceived stress and psychological resilience affect individuals. When psychological hardiness is low, the level of perceived stress has a statistically significant moderating effect, i.e., it reduces the effect of hardiness on performance. When comparing the effects of perceived stress and psychological resilience, the latter has a stronger moderating effect on performance. Specifically, the moderating effect of resilience was more evident in Model 2 (66.9% variance, r = 0.818) for the military performance of the reservists than the perceived stress in Model 1 (52.5% variance, r = 0.724). This means that resilience increases the accountability of Model 2 compared to Model 1 by 14.4%. We conclude that resilience training could statistically significantly increase the military performance of reserve soldiers as a tactical population
The Expression of the Country’s Modernisation in the Context of Economic Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Lithuania /
No full textIn order to develop broader scientific discussions, the authors analyze a contemporary social phenomenon in the field of sustainability—the modernisation of the country in order to preserve the ecosystem, emphasizing one of the most important aspects of modernisation—the context of economic environmental sustainability. Underscoring the importance of this study, the research problem was identified by answering the questions of how the modernisation of the country manifests itself in the context of economic environmental sustainability and what are the consequences for the society. This article examines the factors behind the country’s modernisation through the lens of its citizens. The purpose is to analyze the development of modernisation in Lithuania from the perspective of a sustainable economic environment and to form a complex system of indicators for the formation of an effective governance of a modern country. The paper is based on a quantitative empirical study to support the structural perspective of modernisation of the country, to justify an integrated system of indicators for the formation of a modern country following an analysis of the country’s modernisation trends in terms of the economic environment. The scientific value of the study: the presents paper investigates the main determinants of economic environmental sustainability of the country (effectiveness of digitalisation, infrastructure, environment, and interoperability of natural resources); behavior in line with environmental trends of the EU and subjective factors (interest in opportunities and benefits of renewable energy) was investigated; provides a methodological framework for the methods used (descriptive statistics, factor analysis (FA) and path analysis (PA). A representative cross-sectional survey of 1015 respondents are selected as main research tool. Lithuania (Case Study) served as an empirical basis for the research
Compact terahertz devices based on silicon in CMOS and BiCMOS technologies /
No full textThis paper reports on compact CMOS-based electronic sources and detectors developed for the terahertz frequency range. It was demonstrated that with the achievable noise-equivalent power levels in a few tens of pW/√Hz and the emitted power in the range of 100 µW, one can build effective quasi-optical emitter-detector pairs operating in the 200–266 GHz range with the input power-related signal-to-noise ratio reaching 70 dB for 1 Hz-equivalent noise bandwidth. The applicability of these compact devices for a variety of applications including imaging, spectroscopy or wireless communication links was also demonstrated